EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory

Laboratory Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Masters of Technology
in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Submitted by
Vaibhav Bhutada (20EEE2021)

Under the Supervision of

Dr.Suresh Mikkili
Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

National Institute of Technology Goa
March-June, 2021
 National Institute of Technology Goa
Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Vaibhav Bhutada bearing Roll No. 20EEE2021,

has submitted the Laboratory Report as a part of the Laboratory Course,

”Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory (EE605)” in the academic year

2020-2021 at the Institution of National Institute of Technology Goa.

(Course Instructor)
Department of EEE
NIT Goa
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this report.
A special gratitude to Dr.Suresh Mikkili, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped
me specially in writing this report.

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 i

 Marksheet

Sl. No Name of the Experiment Page No. Date of Experiment Date of submission Marks
1 Single Phase Half Wave 2 - 16 30-06-2021 30-06-2021
Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifier
2 Single Phase Full Wave 17 - 24 30-06-2021 30-06-2021
Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifier
3 Three Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier 25 - 27 30-06-2021 30-06-2021
4 Three Phase Inverter 180 and 120 Degree Modes 28 - 34 30-06-2021 30-06-2021
5 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter 35 - 39 30-06-2021 30-06-2021

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 ii

Contents

1 Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifier 2

1.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Theoretical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.1 ”Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.2 ”Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.6 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RL Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.7 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RL Load and FWD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.8 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RLE Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.8.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.8.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.8.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.8.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.9 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.9.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.9.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.9.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.9.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.9.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.10 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With RL Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.10.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.10.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.10.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.10.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.11 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With RLE Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.11.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.11.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.11.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.11.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

iii
CONTENTS

2 Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifier 17

2.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Theoretical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.1 ”Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.2 ”Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5 Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.6 Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7 Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier With RL Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.7.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3 Three Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier 25

3.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 Three Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.1 Theoretical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.2 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.3 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.4 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.5 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.4.6 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4 Three Phase Inverter 180 and 120 Degree Modes 28

4.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.1 Theoretical Calculations For 180◦ conduction mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.2 Theoretical Calculations For 120◦ conduction mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.4 Three Phase Inverter 180 Degree Mode With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 iv

CONTENTS

4.4.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.5 Three Phase Inverter 120 Degree Mode With R Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.5.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.5.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.5.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.5.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter 35

5.1 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3.1 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.4 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter METHOD 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4.1 Basic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4.2 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.4 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.5 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.5 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter METHOD 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.5.1 Simulink Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.5.2 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5.3 Resultant Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 v

List of Figures

1.1 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half uncontrolled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half uncontrolled rectifier with RL load and FWD . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.8 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.9 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.11 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half controlled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.12 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.13 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.14 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.15 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.16 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.17 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.1 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave Controlled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.8 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.1 Basic circuit diagram of a 3-phase fully controlled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.1 Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with R load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3 Simulated Output Voltage Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4 Simulated Output Current Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.6 Simulated Output Voltage Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.7 Simulated Output Current Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5.1 Basic circuit diagram of Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5.2 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.3 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4 Circuit diagram in Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.5 Simulated Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

vi
List of Tables

1.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.8 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.9 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.10 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.11 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.12 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.13 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.14 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.2 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.2 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.2 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.2 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.3 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.4 Observation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

1
Experiment 1

Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled and

Controlled Rectifier
1.1 Aim
To design and implement Single phase half wave uncontrolled and controlled with R,RL Load.

1.2 Software Used

Matlab 2018a

1.3 Theory
RECTIFIER: A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) , which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known rectification.
Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier:-
A basic half-wave rectifier with a resistive load is shown in figure. The source is ac, and the objective is to create a
load voltage that has anon-zero dc component. The diode is a basic electronic switch that allows current in one
direction only.
For the positive half-cycle of the source in this circuit, the diode is on(forward-biased). Considering the diode to be
ideal, the voltage across a forward-biased diode is zero and the current is positive.
For the negative half-cycle of the source, the diode is reverse-biased,making the current zero. The voltage across the
reverse-biased diode is the source voltage, which has a negative value.
Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier:-
A Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier circuit consists of SCR / thyristor, an AC voltage source and load.
The load may be purely resistive, Inductive or a combination of resistance and inductance. For simplicity, we will
consider a resistive load. A simple circuit diagram of Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier is shown in figure.
The necessary condition for turn ON of SCR is that, it should be forward biased and gate signal must be applied. In
other words, an SCR will only get turned ON when it is forward biased and fired or gated.
SCR will only turn off when current through it reaches below holding current and reverse voltage is applied for a
time period more than the SCR turn off time.

1.4 Theoretical Calculations

1.4.1 ”Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier”
√
Vm 230 ∗ 2
Average Output Voltage With R Load = Vo = = = 103.53 V
π π
Vo 103.53
Average Output Current With R Load = Io = = = 10.35 A
R 10
1.4.2 ”Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier”
√
V m ∗ (1 + cos α) 230 ∗ 2 ∗ (1 + cos 30)
Average Output Voltage With R Load = Vo = = = 96.60 V
2π 2π
Vo 96.60
Average Output Current With R Load = Io = = = 9.66 A
R 10

2
EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.5 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With R Load

1.5.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 1.1: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half uncontrolled rectifier with R load

1.5.2 Simulink Model

Figure 1.2: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.5.3 Components Required

Table 1.1: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Diode - 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Voltmeter - 2

1.5.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.3: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.5.5 Observation Table

Table 1.2: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 103.53 V 102.8 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 10.35 A 10.28 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.6 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RL Load

1.6.1 Simulink Model

Figure 1.4: Circuit diagram in Simulink

1.6.2 Components Required

Table 1.3: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Inductor 10mH 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Diode - 1
6 Voltmeter - 2

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.6.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.5: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.6.4 Observation Table

Table 1.4: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 103.5 V 100.7 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 10.35 A 10.07 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.7 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RL Load and FWD

1.7.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 1.6: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half uncontrolled rectifier with RL load and FWD

1.7.2 Simulink Model

Figure 1.7: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.7.3 Components Required

Table 1.5: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Inductor 10mH 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Voltmeter - 2
6 Diode - 2

1.7.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.8: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.7.5 Observation Table

Table 1.6: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
Input Line Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 103.5 V 103 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 10.35 A 9.85 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.8 Single Phase Half Uncontrolled Rectifier With RLE Load

1.8.1 Simulink Model

Figure 1.9: Circuit diagram in Simulink

1.8.2 Components Required

Table 1.7: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Inductor 10mH 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Voltmeter - 2
6 Dc Source (E Load) 100 V 1
7 Diode - 2

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.8.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.10: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.8.4 Observation Table

Table 1.8: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 155 V 156 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 5.5 A 5.603 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.9 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With R Load

1.9.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 1.11: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase half controlled rectifier with R load

1.9.2 Simulink Model

Figure 1.12: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.9.3 Components Required

Table 1.9: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Ammeter - 1
4 Voltmeter - 2
5 Thyristor - 1
6 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

1.9.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.13: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.9.5 Observation Table

Table 1.10: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 96.6 V 96.06 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 9.66 A 9.60 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.10 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With RL Load

1.10.1 Simulink Model

Figure 1.14: Circuit diagram in Simulink

1.10.2 Components Required

Table 1.11: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Inductor 10mH 1
4 Voltmeter - 2
5 Thyristor - 1
6 Ammeter - 1
7 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.10.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.15: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.10.4 Observation Table

Table 1.12: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 94.06 V 93.86 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 9.406 A 9.380 A

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.11 Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier With RLE Load

1.11.1 Simulink Model

Figure 1.16: Circuit diagram in Simulink

1.11.2 Components Required

Table 1.13: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Inductor 10mH 1
4 Dc Voltage Source (E load) 100 V 1
5 Thyristor - 1
6 Ammeter - 1
7 Voltmeter - 2
8 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

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EXPERIMENT 1. SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

1.11.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 1.17: Simulated Output Waveforms

1.11.4 Observation Table

Table 1.14: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 155 V 156 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 5.5 A 5.603 A

————————————–

1.12 Conclusion
Thus the design of single phase half wave uncontrolled and controller rectifier with R load, RL load, RLE
load and with freewheeling diode was done and simulated in MATLAB. Also verified the graphs theoretical and
practical values of input voltage, output voltage and output current.

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 16

Experiment 2

Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled and

Controlled Rectifier
2.1 Aim
To design and implement Single phase full wave uncontrolled and controlled with R,RL Load.

2.2 Software Used

Matlab 2018a

2.3 Theory
The single phase full-wave rectifier does this by using four diodes arranged in a bridge arrangement
passing the positive half of the waveform as before but inverting the negative half of the sine wave to create a
pulsating DC output. Even though the the voltage and current output from the rectifier is pulsating, it does not
reverse direction using the full 100 % of the input waveform and thus providing full-wave rectification.
Single Phase full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier:-
This bridge configuration of diodes provides full-wave rectification because at any time two of the four diodes are
forward biased while the other two are reverse biased. Thus there are two diodes in the conduction path instead of
the single one for the half-wave rectifier. Therefore there will be a difference in voltage amplitude between VIN and
VOUT due to the two forward voltage drops of the serially connected diodes. Here as before, for simplicity of the
maths we will assume ideal diodes.
Single Phase full Wave Controlled Rectifier:-
n the fully-controlled rectifier configuration, the average DC load voltage is controlled using two thyristors per
half-cycle.Thyristors SCR1 and SCR4 are fired together as a pair during the positive half-cycle, while thyristors
SCR3 and SCR4 are also fired together as a pair during the negative half-cycle. That is 180 degrees after SCR1 and
SCR4.
Then during continuous conduction mode of operation the four thyristors are constantly being switched as alternate
pairs to maintain the average or equivalent DC output voltage. As with the half-controlled rectifier, the output
voltage can be fully controlled by varying the thyristors firing delay angle.

2.4 Theoretical Calculations

2.4.1 ”Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier”
√
2V m 2 ∗ 230 ∗ 2
Average Output Voltage With R Load = Vo = = = 207.07 V
π π
Vo 207.07
Average Output Current With R Load = Io = = = 20.70 A
R 10

2.4.2 ”Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier”

√
V m ∗ (1 + cos α) 230 ∗ 2 ∗ (1 + cos 30)
Average Output Voltage With R Load = Vo = = = 193.20 V
π π
Vo 193.20
Average Output Current With R Load = Io = = = 193.20 A
R 1

17
EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.5 Single Phase Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier With R Load

2.5.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 2.1: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with R load

2.5.2 Simulink Model

Figure 2.2: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.5.3 Components Required

Table 2.1: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Diodes - 4
3 Resistor 10Ω 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Voltmeter 2

2.5.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 2.3: Simulated Output Waveforms

2.5.5 Observation Table

Table 2.2: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 207.07 V 205.4 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 20.70 A 20.54 A

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.6 Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier With R Load

2.6.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 2.4: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave Controlled rectifier with R load

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.6.2 Simulink Model

Figure 2.5: Circuit diagram in Simulink

2.6.3 Components Required

Table 2.3: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 1Ω 1
3 Ammeter - 1
4 Thyristor - 4
5 Voltmeter - 2
6 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.6.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 2.6: Simulated Output Waveforms

2.6.5 Observation Table

Table 2.4: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 193.20 V 191.4 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 193.20 A 191.4 A

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.7 Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier With RL Load

2.7.1 Simulink Model

Figure 2.7: Circuit diagram in Simulink

2.7.2 Components Required

Table 2.5: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Single Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 1Ω 1
3 Inductor 1mH 1
4 Ammeter - 1
5 Thyristor - 4
6 Voltmeter - 2
7 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

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EXPERIMENT 2. SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

2.7.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 2.8: Simulated Output Waveforms

2.7.4 Observation Table

Table 2.6: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Voltage (Vrms) 230 V 230 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 186 V 186.7 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 186 A 186.7 A

2.8 Conclusion
Thus the design of single phase full wave uncontrolled and controller rectifier with R load, RL load was done
and simulated in MATLAB. Also verified the graphs theoretical and practical values of input voltage, output voltage
and output current.

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 24

Experiment 3

Three Phase Full Wave Controlled Recti-

fier
3.1 Aim
To design and implement three phase full wave Controlled rectifier with R Load.

3.2 Software Used

Matlab 2018a

3.3 Theory:
Three-phase rectification is the process of converting a 3-phase AC supply into a pulsating DC voltage as
rectification converts the input power supply of a sinusoidal voltage and frequency into a fixed voltage DC power.
Thus power rectification changes an alternating supply into a unidirectional supply.
Three Phase full Wave Controlled Rectifier:-
Three phase full converter is a fully controlled bridge controlled rectifier using six thyristors connected in the form of
a full wave bridge configuration. All the six thyristors are controlled switches which are turned on at a appropriate
times by applying suitable gate trigger signals.The three phase full converter is extensively used in industrial power
applications up to about 120kW output power level, where two quadrant operations is required. This circuit is also
known as three phase full wave bridge or as a six pulse converter. In this circuit each thyristor operates for 120
degrees.

3.4 Three Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier

3.4.1 Theoretical Calculations
√
3V ml ∗ cos α 3 ∗ 400 ∗ 2 ∗ cos 30
Average Output Voltage With R Load = Vo = = = 467.81 V.
π π
3.4.2 Basic Diagram

Figure 3.1: Basic circuit diagram of a 3-phase fully controlled rectifier with R load

25
EXPERIMENT 3. THREE PHASE FULL WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

3.4.3 Simulink Model

Figure 3.2: Circuit diagram in Simulink

3.4.4 Components Required

Table 3.1: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 Three Phase Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Thyristor - 6
4 Pulse Generator - 6
5 Ammeter - 1
6 Voltmeter - 2
7 Firing Angle 30 Degree -

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EXPERIMENT 3. THREE PHASE FULL WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

3.4.5 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 3.3: Simulated Output Waveforms

3.4.6 Observation Table

Table 3.2: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
AC Input Line to Line Voltage (Vrms) 400 V 400 V
Output Average Voltage (Vo avg) 467.81 V 465.5 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 46.78 A 46.55 A

3.5 Conclusion
Thus the design of three phase full wave controller rectifier with R load was done and simulated in
MATLAB. Also verified the graphs theoretical and practical values of input voltage, output voltage and output
current.

EE605 Power Electronics Simulation Laboratory 20EEE2021 27

Experiment 4

Three Phase Inverter 180 and 120 Degree

Modes
4.1 Aim
To design and implement three phase fullY Controlled inverter with R Load.

4.2 Software Used

Matlab 2018a

4.3 Theory:
INVERTER:-
Inverters are static power converters that produce an AC output waveform from a DC power supply. They
are applied in adjustable AC speed drives,Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), shunt active power filter, etc. For
sinusoidal ACoutputs,the magnitude, frequency, and phase should be controllable. If a DC input is a voltage source,
then the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).
Similarly in case of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has
a capability of controlling AC output voltage, whereas the CSI directly controls AC output current.
Sketch of output voltage waveforms by an ideal VSI, should be independent of load connected at the output.
According to a number of phases, inverters are classified into two types
1. Single Phase Voltage Source Inverter
2. Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER
Single phase inverters are basic inverters which produce a square shape AC output with a DC input. These inverters
have simple on-off control logic and obviously they operate at much lower frequencies. Due to a capacity of low
power, they are widely used in power supplies and single phase UPS .They can be divided into two categories.
THREE PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER
Three phase inverters are used for variable-frequency drive applications and for high power applications such as
HVDC power transmission. A basic three phase inverter consists of three single-phase inverter switches each
connected to one of the three load terminals.
For the most basic control scheme, the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one switch operates at
each 60 degree point of the fundamental output waveform. This creates a line-to-line output waveform that has six
steps.

4.3.1 Theoretical Calculations For 180◦ conduction mode

Rms value of line Voltage Vo = 0.8165 ∗ V s = 0.8165 ∗ 489.89 = 400 V

Rms value of fundamental line Voltage Vo = 0.7797 ∗ V s = 381.96 V

4.3.2 Theoretical Calculations For 120◦ conduction mode

Rms value of line Voltage Vo = 0.7071 ∗ V s = 0.7071 ∗ 565.96 = 400 V

Rms value of fundamental line Voltage Vo = 0.6752 ∗ V s = 381.13 V

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

4.4 Three Phase Inverter 180 Degree Mode With R Load

4.4.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 4.1: Basic circuit diagram of a 1-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with R load

4.4.2 Simulink Model

Figure 4.2: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

4.4.3 Components Required

Table 4.1: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 DC Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Ammeter - 1
4 Voltmeter - 2
5 Thyristor - 6
6 Pulse Generator - 6
7 Three Phase Measurement - 1

4.4.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 4.3: Simulated Output Voltage Waveforms

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

Figure 4.4: Simulated Output Current Waveforms

4.4.5 Observation Table

Table 4.2: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
Input DC Voltage 489.89 V 489.89 V
AC Output Line Voltage 400 V 399.3 V
Output AC Phase Current 23.09 A 23.05 A

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

4.5 Three Phase Inverter 120 Degree Mode With R Load

4.5.1 Simulink Model

Figure 4.5: Circuit diagram in Simulink

4.5.2 Components Required

Table 4.3: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 DC Voltage Source - 1
2 Resistor 10Ω 1
3 Ammeter - 1
4 Voltmeter - 2
5 Thyristor - 6
6 Pulse Generator - 6
7 Three Phase Measurement - 1

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

4.5.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 4.6: Simulated Output Voltage Waveforms

Figure 4.7: Simulated Output Current Waveforms

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EXPERIMENT 4. THREE PHASE INVERTER 180 AND 120 DEGREE MODES

4.5.4 Observation Table

Table 4.4: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
Input DC Voltage 565.77 V 565 V
AC Output Line Voltage 400 V 399.3 V
Output AC Phase Current 23.09 A 23.06 A

4.6 Conclusion
Thus the design of three phase full wave controller inverter with 180 degrees and 120 degrees conduction
mode with R load was done and simulated in MATLAB. Also verified the graphs theoretical and practical values of
input voltage, output voltage and output current.

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Experiment 5

Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter

5.1 Aim
To design and implement closed loop operation of buck converter.

5.2 Software Used

Matlab 2018a

5.3 Theory
BUCK CONVERTER:-
A Buck converter is a switch mode DC to DC electronic converter in which the output voltage will be transformed to
level less than the input voltage. It is also called as step down converter.
The name step down converter comes from the fact that analogous to step down transformer the input voltage is
stepped down to a level less than the input voltage.
By law of conservation of energy the input power has to be equal to output power (assuming no losses in the circuit).
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF BUCK CONVERTER:-
Closed loop control of Buck Converter is used to obtain a constant DC output voltage. The switching frequency and
duty cycle determines the output voltage. In the closed loop process the output voltage is compared with a set
voltage and the error value is reduced by controlling the switching pulse.
The basic operation is if the error value is positive the duty cycle is reduced and if the error value is negative the
duty cycle is increased by continuing the process continuously the output voltage is maintained constant.
A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller or three-term controller) is a control loop mechanism
employing feedback that is widely used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring
continuously modulated control.
A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a desired set point (SP) and a
measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms
(denoted P, I, and D respectively).In practical terms it automatically applies accurate and responsive correction to a
control function.
By using this PID controller we can maintain the output voltage as constant irrespective of any disturbances.
5.3.1 Calculations
Buck Converter Specification: Vin = 12 V, Vo = 5 V, f = 25 KHz

Ripple in Capacitor = 20 mV, Ripple in Inductor = 0.8 A.

Vo
Duty Ratio (D) = = 0.4166
Vs

V o ∗ (V in − V o)
Inductance (L) = = 145.83µH
∆(I) ∗ f ∗ V in

∆(I)
Capacitance (C) = = 200µF
∆(V o) ∗ f ∗ 8

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EXPERIMENT 5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF BUCK CONVERTER

5.4 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter METHOD 1

5.4.1 Basic Diagram

Figure 5.1: Basic circuit diagram of Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter

5.4.2 Simulink Model

Figure 5.2: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF BUCK CONVERTER

5.4.3 Components Required

Table 5.1: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 DC Voltage Source (12 V to 50 V) 1
2 Resistor 1Ω 1
3 Inductor 145.83µH 1
4 Capacitor 200µF 1
5 Thyristor - 1
6 Diode - 1
7 Voltmeter - 2
8 Ammeter - 2
9 PWM Generator - 1

5.4.4 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 5.3: Simulated Output Waveforms

5.4.5 Observation Table

Table 5.2: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
Input DC Voltage 12 V 12 V
Output Average Voltage 5V 5.001 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 5A 5.001 A

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EXPERIMENT 5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF BUCK CONVERTER

5.5 Closed Loop Operation Of Buck Converter METHOD 2

5.5.1 Simulink Model

Figure 5.4: Circuit diagram in Simulink

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EXPERIMENT 5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF BUCK CONVERTER

5.5.2 Components Required

Table 5.3: Components Required

Sr. No. Parameters Ratings Quantity
1 DC Voltage Source (12 V to 50 V) 1
2 Resistor 1Ω 1
3 Inductor 145.83µH 1
4 Capacitor 200µF 1
5 Thyristor - 1
6 Diode - 1
7 Voltmeter - 2
8 Ammeter - 2
9 PWM Generator - 1

5.5.3 Resultant Waveforms

Figure 5.5: Simulated Output Waveforms

5.5.4 Observation Table

Table 5.4: Observation Table

Parameters Theoretical Value Practical Value
Input DC Voltage 20 V 20 V
Output Average Voltage 5V 5.005 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 5A 5.001 A
Input DC Voltage 40 V 40 V
Output Average Voltage 5V 5.008 V
Output Average Current(Io avg) 5A 5.008 A

5.6 Conclusion
Thus the design of closed loop control of buck converter with R load in both the methods was done and
simulated in MATLAB. Also verified the graphs theoretical and practical values of input voltage, output voltage and
output current.

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