Jeffrey Victory 2111014

CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION PROBLEMS IN AFRICA MIND MAP

 Water is a fundamental element of life and clean drinking water a basic requirement for
survival. W. H. Auden once reflected that "Thousands have lived without love, not one without
water". Yet today, despite all the achievements of mankind, more than 660 million people do not
have access to this most basic of requirements.
Source: https://stats.unctad.org/Dgff2016/planet/goal6/index.html

Over 80% of water-deprived household depend on women for collecting water. The time
it takes to walk the average 3.7 miles for water is time not spent generating income, caring for
family, or attending school. Women who are subjected to collecting water are more likely to:

 Endure multiple bouts of malaria

 Drop out of school
 Become a child mother herself
 Be beaten, injured, and/or raped
 Suffer animal bites and dangerous infections

Women are not the only ones who suffer. 6,000 children die of water related diseases each day. It
is time to end the water crisis.

Source: https://wholives.org/our-mission/mission/
 Drinking water is a human necessity with a daily demand and no real substitutes, with the
scale of service delivery lending itself to a natural monopoly, which should lead to financial
sustainability. Yet, appearances are often deceptive. Globally, 2.1 billion people lack ‘safely
managed’ drinking water, including 785m people without ‘basic’ drinking water services, of
whom four out of five live in rural areasFifty-nine per cent of the population in South Sudan
lacks access to safe water. To survive, families may be forced to drink dirty water, putting them
at risk of waterborne diseases such as cholera and diarrhea, which remain the leading causes of
death among children in South Sudan. The situation is further aggravated by poor hygiene
practices. Just 10 per cent of the population have access to improved sanitation.

Source: https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/what-we-do/wash

The most immediately apparent impact of water scarcity in Africa is on the continent's
health. With a complete lack of water, humans can only live up to 3 to 5 days on average.  This
often forces those living in water deprived regions to turn to unsafe water resources, which,
according to the World Health Organization, contributes to the spread of waterborne
diseases including typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery and diarrhea, and to the spread of diseases
such as malaria whose vectors rely on such water resources, and can lead to diseases such
as trachoma, plague, and typhus. Additionally, water scarcity causes many people to store water
within the household, which increases the risk of household water contamination and incidents of
malaria and dengue fever spread by mosquitoes. These waterborne diseases are not usually found
in developed countries because of sophisticated water treatment systems that filter and chlorinate
water, but for those living with less developed or non-existent water infrastructure, natural,
untreated water sources often contain tiny disease-carrying worms and bacteria. Although many
of these waterborne sicknesses are treatable and preventable, they are nonetheless one of the
leading causes of disease and death in the world. Globally, 2.2 million people die each year from
diarrhea-related disease, and at any given time fifty percent of all hospital beds in the world are
occupied by patients suffering from water-related diseases. Infants and children are especially
susceptible to these diseases because of their young immune systems, which lends to
elevated infant mortality rates in many regions of Africa. Water scarcity has a big impact
onhygiene.
Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Africa

SOLUTION:

-IMPROVE WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SAFE REUSE

Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of
hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and
substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.
-SUPPORT LOCAL ENGAGEMENT IN WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT
Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation
management.
-INCREASE WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AND ENSURE FRESHWATER SUPPLIES
substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals
and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people
suffering from water scarcity.
-PROTECT AND RESTORE WATER-RELATED ECOSYSTEMS
protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers,
aquifers and lakes.
What can we do?
Don’t overuse water. Make sure to close a tap when washing dishes, take short showers –
Bathtubs require gallons more water than a 5-10 minute shower. Consider getting a water meter
to be aware of your water usage.
Source: https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/6-clean-water-and-sanitation/
I. Water Scarcity in Africa
A. One billion people can’t have clean water
1. 2.2 billion people around the world do not have safely managed drinking water
services.
2. 4.2 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation services.
B. 2500 kids dies in one day
1. They died due to water related diseases.
2. They died due to malnutrition and dehydration.
II. African People has no Choice
A. They are forced to drink unhealthy water.
1. Unhealthy water lead to several diseases.

III. Solution for Water Scarcity

A. Solution By general
1. Improve water quality, wastewater treatment and safe reuse.
2. Increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies.
3. Protect and restore water-related
B. What can we do?
1. Do not overuse water
2. Do not litter especially in the water-related ecosystems.