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Abstract
The utmost motivation of this study is to unveil the
experiences, perceptions and to reveal the real emotions of grade
11 students in F. Bustamante National High School who are under
mathematics anxiety in addressing the predicament. This study digs
with qualitative case study that aimed to capture the complexity of
the object being studied; it is also to explore the phenomenon using
various variety of data source. Mathematics anxiety was found out
due to: uncongenial experiences, teachers’ aggressive approach,
public humiliation, and parental pressure. Anxiety was concluded as
a huge hindrance in any field of education which forecloses the
ability of someone to prosper. The study sought some possible
interventions that served as recommendations that follows: students
are encouraged to understand mathematics with motivation and
dedication, people around the affected person are advised to raise
awareness and may render effort to provide a friendlier and
comforting environment, spontaneous understanding and patience
may help eliminate anxiety, humiliation and pressure. The curriculum
is advised to establish an effective and active learning strategies for
students to forget anxiety. Lastly, students were recommended to
prevail anxiety instead of avoiding it to help themselves move
forward.
1
participate the said subject had felt by experiences in perceiving Mathematics
the faculty of U.P Cebu Natural Science anxiety.
and Mathematics Division (NSMD).
The Central Mindanao University
Laboratory High School (CMULHS) in
Maramag, Bukidnon in year 2018 Statement of the Problem
recorded the growing population of
students who took remediation for the The general aim of this study is to
subject mathematics. The said school examine the experiences of the students
also concluded that most of these who suffered from anxiety in
students had weaker foundations in Mathematics. Specifically, it sought
Mathematics in their early school years answers to compensate the following
ended up having anxiety in Math. As a objectives:
result, students’ difficulties towards the 1. To delve into the perceptions,
subject was affected not only the grades understandings and feelings of those
but also the educational advancement students who are under the agony of
as a whole. having anxiety in Mathematics;
Mathematics anxiety has become 2. To trail down the participants’
widely experienced problem by the experiences that triggers their
students nowadays, it is one of the most anxiety in Mathematics;
crucial challenge faced not just by the 3. To excavate the factors that greatly
learners but also the faculty in general. contribute to participants in having
It is declared that these anxieties are the anxiety in Mathematics;
reason why a lot of students gained 4. To unveil the solutions established
failing grades in the said subject, this by the students who suffered from
means that Mathematics anxiety was Mathematics anxiety.
one of the contributing factor for the
students to hinder the development in Theoretical Framework
learning Mathematics. In addition, it also
affects the overall performance This study is anchored to the
considering the process of learning concepts of Richardson and Suin (1970)
requires commitment, focus, courage and Ashcraft MH, Moore AM (2009).
and patience. If students will continue to The theory of Anxiety in Mathematics
foster Mathematics anxiety, they will (1970) of both Richardson and Suin
remain dependent with their associates directly unveils the effects to every
Neale (1969). person who instilled anxiety in
Furthermore, Mathematics anxiety Mathematics. The theory of
was found exceeded in F. Bustamante Mathematics Anxiety and the Affective
National High School based on the Drop in Performance directly tales
previous quantitative research immediate effect of anxiety in math
supervised by the student researchers related situations such as examinations
which proves that the learners in grade- or in classroom, educational outcome
11 curriculum were engaged into low variables such as performance learning
self-efficacy and lead them to have a behaviors, or choices are influenced by
Mathematics anxiety. Thus, the mathematics anxiety Ashcraft MH,
researchers were stimulated to conduct Moore AM (2009).
a qualitative case study in F.
Bustamante National High School Review of Related Literature
Tibungco, Davao City to help the
students determine their difficult
2
This portion of the study Nina Palvin-Bernardić, Daria
highlights the information that supports Rovan and Jurana Pavlović (2016) said
the research. The presented information that the secondary school students’
was cited and accredited from the reportedly cheating in mathematics
authors for a valid, reliable and accurate using the two type of cheating were
data. examined; “active cheating” which
Mathematics anxiety is a aimed to increase a person’s own
negative reaction to mathematics. It is a success and the other one is the
feeling of confused and tensions that “second-party cheating”, aims to help
students encounter in manipulation of other students achieve success.
numbers and solving problems in every Students with anxieties and are into
academic situation. Anxiety brings out these kind of activities have a more
the experience of emotional reactions, chances of depending with their
from mild states apprehension or dislike associates which is severely wrong.
to genuine fear (McLeod, 1994;
Richardson & Suin, 1972). Scope and Delimitation
In addition, Beilock (2008) cited
that if the student is placed in a stressful The research was limited for the
environment, then he/she can grade 11 students of Francisco
accumulate pressure due to educational Bustamante National High School who
demand the more chances of having had anxiety in Mathematics. This study
anxiety or fear towards the subject. was more particular in students’ problem
Moreover, an individual can and misconceptions in the given subject.
characterized a strong tendency to Matters about their personal lives were
avoid mathematics if he/she are highly excluded upon conducting the study.
math anxious with this, the math There were a total of three participants
competence forecloses import career for this study, comprises of one (1)
path are eventually weakened. female and two (2) male all experienced
Mathematics anxiety disrupts existential anxiety in mathematics and under the
progress by compromising the grade 11 curriculum. The study
continuous action that functions the established boundaries to the
mind. The causes of math anxiety are participants, and only the themes arise
unavailability of some teaching from the answers of the informants were
strategies that implicates as risk factors. analyzed, the identity and the language
Researchers should investigate the used remain ensconce for the
origin of Mathematics anxiety and the informants’ safety and confidentiality.
mind functioning, to examine both its
cognition and emotional state (Aschraft, Significance of the Study
2002). According to Sherman and
Fenma (1998) the lack of sufficient This study on Mathematics anxiety
background in Mathematics to do some is a contribution to the institution where
mathematical activities can also this study is intended to truly determine
reinforce Mathematics anxiety. the root causes why students contain
Furner and Gonzales-DeHass Mathematics anxiety. This study would
(2011) stresses that Mathematics also provide explanations of the coping
anxiety is not just the only reason why mechanism of students as well as their
students mostly gained failing grades insights from the contributing causes of
but it is also about critical academic anxiety in Mathematics. It is also to help
problems that the educators should excavate the factors in having anxieties
know as well as of its solution. in mathematics experienced by the
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grade 11 students in F. Bustamante used of this technique to generate the
National High School. This study is vital qualifying criteria a participant must
because it is not just about the learning meet to be considered for the said
but the emotional state is also involved, research. Traits are considered upon
students characterized this anxiety choosing participants for this qualitative
which leads a strong tendency of case study, the qualified informants are
avoiding the subject (Ashcraft, 2002). those who failed and gained lower
grades in mathematics based in their
early school years, participants must
have or had an experience of being
Methodology anxious or fear during mathematics
classes or sessions.
Research Design
Data Source
This study unveils the qualitative
case study design. According to Stake The sources of the researchers’
(1995) a qualitative case study is an data approach were from the recorded
investigation and analysis of a single or data that interviewers recovered from
collective case intended to capture the responses of comprehensive interview
complexity of an object of the study. It from the informants. Aside from the in
allowed the researchers to delve into the depth interview, they also looked on the
perceptions, understandings and observations gained from their non-
feelings of those people who lived and verbal cues. The non-verbal cues of the
experience the presented problem. This informants are the most important
research also engaged in qualitative source of the data collection because it
case study about students’ mathematics is a highly strong evidence for their
anxiety, the study also shows answers well-founded. Immersion was
investigations and acquiring data that also conducted to truly observed the
could trail down the main and roots behavior of each participant in dealing
causes of mathematics anxiety. The with their mathematics classes. The
overall essence of a qualitative case write down data also considered as the
study is to facilitate an exploration of a passage concepts in themes that the
particular phenomenon within its researchers got from the informant’s
contexts using a various variety of data response.
sources to establish possible
interventions. Data Gathering Procedure
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behavior and mannerisms of the secured from leaking, pledged to be
participants upon dealing with their kept only by the researchers.
anxieties in the said subject. Lastly, after
the interview and the immersion Results and Discussion
researchers transcribed and analyzed
the interpreted answers of the This portion of the study directly
participants that fueled this study to shows the discussions and the
arise and establish themes. interpretation of the gathered
information. From the three (3)
interviewed participants, the answers
were obtained to established themes for
this study.
Data Analysis
Table 1 Grades in Mathematics
P1 P2 P3
In analyzing the data, the Grade 1 79 77 75
researchers distinguished first the Grade 2 77 72 77
answers of the participants in the audit Grade 3 78 77 78
Grade 4 75 75 76
trail. After that, they listed down all the
Grade 5 74 79 76
important details and categorized it Grade 6 76 75 76
together with the concepts derived from Grade 7 ALS 75 76
the informants' answer and place it in an Grade 8 ALS 75 75
Grade 9 ALS 75 68
audit trail. After the one-on-one Grade 10 75 78 78
interview, the researchers transcribed
the specified answers of the informants. Legend:
Participant 1: Participant2: Participant 3:
Out of those answers, the
conductors were able to extract themes
The table directly shows the
after the data was analyzed and
breakdown of grades in mathematics for
discussed. While interpreting the data,
the study’s participants from grade 1 up
searched or browsed theories portrays a
to grade 10. This data is to showed the
vital role to come up with ideas. Finally,
qualification of each participants in the
the conductors manifested themes that
conducted study, aside from that it also
suits their answers and serve as the
unveils or served as the summary of the
interpretation of this study.
effect of their declared mathematics
anxiety. Furthermore, the participants
were also asked to rate on a scale of
Ethical Consideration
one (1) would be the lowest and ten (10)
is the highest for the fear or anxiety they
The ethical consideration of this
felt in dealing with mathematics
study was given utmost importance. The
sessions or class and in this study, it is
researchers guaranteed the informants
labeled as mathematics anxiety.
are well oriented about why this study
was conducted and what was it all
Table 2 Level of Fear
about. The consideration of participants’
privacy is also prioritized in these study,
Person W/ Anxiety Level of Anxiety
the usage of codenames was
implemented to make their identity Participant 1 10
anonymous. The availability and
willingness of each participant are Participant 2 8
considered to avoid violation of human
rights. Moreover, the informant’s Participant 3 10
answers and information are safe and
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humiliation is recognized and
The study was fueled by the addressed, specifically in mathematics.
participants’ answers to come up with
an authentic theme for this research. Uncongenial Experiences
Past experiences are truly vitals
The Agony to consider in dealing with the present,
Participants was asked for the the things build and planted from the
reasons behind those fear, nervousness past will definitely affect its whole future.
and apprehension they’ve felt during The presented idea was derived from
mathematics classes. One of the the informants’ responds they were able
participant answered the question with to give their fair share of past
and evident agony in his face, the experiences that could help us trail
informant stresses that fear, down the origin these anxieties.
nervousness and paleness is the very Participant 1 and 2 acknowledge the
common reaction he gained whenever same answers where teachers
he's into mathematics class. The aggressive approach and attitude
participant also labeled the situation as towards students were caused them to
an agony and hindrance in education fear the subject. According to Sherman
because it can disrupt the learning or & Elizabeth Fenma (1998) the lack of
progress of an individual. Due to these sufficient background in Mathematics to
anxieties a participant admitted that he do some mathematical activities can
stopped a year of his studies because of also reinforce Mathematics anxiety.
severe fear in mathematics. Anxious Furthermore, participant 3 answered
forecloses the learning process because dolefully,
instead of utilizing working memory, the
process learnings the space is being “Nahadlok kog math kay nag
taken by the anxiety, which prevents the sugod ni atong gina pressure na
development to occur (Eysenck et al, ko nga answeran ang mga dili
2007). nako kaya, ginapugos ko
sakong mama nga buhaton ang
Public Humiliation butang nga lapas na sakong
Humiliation have also become a makaya.”
factor to cause mathematics anxiety for
the participants. All of the participants This leaded the researcher to
shyly admitted that they were once establish an idea that “Pressure” could
severely humiliated which triggered also render hatred and fear towards
them to instilled mathematics anxiety something, in this case it is called
and fear towards the subject, humiliation “Mathematics Anxiety”. It is defined as
has a potentially devastating effect on having a fear of feelings of
people. Torres and Bergner (2010) apprehension about performing
indicate that whoever experience public mathematics. These feeling might be
humiliation can affect to them that leads the reason to delay the development in
to hopelessness, helplessness and the said subject, which may lead to
anxiety. (Sfard & Prusack, 2005). She lower mathematics competence in
explained that humiliating can loss students (Lyons& Beilock 2012). In
interest to face and disrupt in front of addition, Beilock (2008) cited that if the
others that cause shame and student is placed in a stressful
humiliation. Ingleton and O'Regan environment, then he/she can
(2002) also stresses that educational accumulate pressure due to educational
settings are one of the areas where demand the more chances of having
anxiety or fear towards the subject.
6
success and the other one is the
Absenteeism Due to Abomination “second-party cheating”, aims to help
Some of the participants admitted other students achieve success.
that absenteeism is their intervention to Students with anxieties and are into
ease the fear, shaking, paling and the these kind of activities have a more
feeling of embarrassment. The strong chances of depending with their
urge to avoid the subject in a form of associates which is severely wrong. On
absenteeism made them gain failing the other hand, the remaining participant
grades that were presented in the admitted that he stopped in school right
previous chapter. Moreover, an after he graduated in elementary after a
individual can characterized a strong year he pursued Alternative Learning
tendency to avoid mathematics if he/she System (ALS) with the idea of it would
are highly math anxious with this, the be easier than being a regular student.
math competence forecloses import ALS is a technical vocational program
career path are eventually weakened. that offer skills in any technical
Mathematics anxiety disrupts existential vocational field.
progress by compromising the
continuous action that functions the
mind. The causes of math anxiety are
unavailability of some teaching
strategies that implicates as risk factors. Conclusions and Recommendations
Moreover, an individual can
characterized a strong tendency to Conclusions
avoid mathematics if he/she are highly
math anxious with this, the math Based on the results and
competence forecloses import career discussions in the previous chapter, the
path are eventually weakened. informants’ answers were used to raise
Mathematics anxiety disrupts existential conclusions that follows:
progress by compromising the 1. Students were found hindered and
continuous action that functions the agonized in achieving development in
mind. The causes of math anxiety are mathematics due to anxieties.
unavailability of some teaching 2. Uncongenial experiences, teachers’
strategies that implicates as risk factors aggressive approach and parental
Ashcraft (2002). pressure were factors that
contributed the students’ anxiety.
The Alternatives 3. Public humiliation and pressure are
Participants were able to found the specific reasons for their anxiety.
alternative solutions to alleviate 4. Students were engaged in cheating
anxieties and somehow surpass the and enrolling in ALS program are
subject mathematics every year. Two of possible interventions to deal with
the participants confessed that they are anxiety.
involved in active cheating, the wrongful 5. Students with mathematics anxiety
behavior was admitted by the two are engaged in absenteeism due to
because it was their only perceived severe fear in mathematics.
solution to pass. Nina Palvin-Bernardić,
Daria Rovan & Jurana Pavlović (2016) Recommendations
said that the secondary school students’
reportedly cheating in mathematics Out of the results and
using the two type of cheating were discussions of the said study, some of
examined; “active cheating” which the recommendations are listed below:
aimed to increase a person’s own
7
1. Students are encouraged to Furner & Gonzales-DeHass (2012).
understand math with motivation and How
dedication to eliminate such Do Students’ Mastery and
anxieties. Performance Relate to
Mathematics Anxiety.
2. The affected person may involve into Luttenberger, Wimmer, & Paechter
an active learning system and (2018). Spotlight On
strategies like the Ministry of Mathematics Anxiety.
Education Malaysia established. Lyons & Beilock (2012). When
Mathematics Hurts Math Anxiety
3. Students were recommended to Predicts Pain Network Activation
prevail the fear in mathematics In Anticipation of Doing Math.
instead of avoiding it Mcleod, 1994; Richardson & Suin
(1972).
4. Teachers, parents and people around Investigating Pre-Service
the affected person are advised to Teachers Mathematics Anxiety
raise awareness and may render Using the Revised Mathematics
effort to provide a friendlier and Anxiety Scale. (RMARS).
comforting environment. Neale, D.C. (1969). The role of attitudes
in Learning Mathematics
5. Society may render spontaneous Arithmetic Teacher, 16, 631-640.
understanding and patience which Palvin-Bernadic N., Rovan D., Pavlovic
help those students to eliminate J.
anxiety, humiliation and pressure. (2016). Academic Cheating in
Mathematics Classes.
References Richardson and Suinn, (1970). Journal
for Research in Mathematics
Ashcraft, MH. (2002). Math Anxiety: Education. Vol.15, No.1, pp 50-
Personal, Education and 58.
Cognitive Consequences. Sfard & Prusack (2005). Telling
Ashcraft, MH and Moore AM. (2009). Identities
Mathematics Anxiety and the In Search of an Analytic Tool For
Affective Drop in Performance. Investigating Learning as a
Beilock (2008). Mathematics Culturally Shaped Activity.
Performance in Stessfull Sherman & Fenma E. (1998). Study of
Situations. Mathematics Anxiety In High
Cabahug and Landot, (2005). Math School Students and Its
Anxiety and Academic Relationship with Self Esteem
Performance. and Teachers Personality
Central Mindanao University Laboratory Characteristics.
High School. (2018). Stake (1995). The Art Of Case Study
Mathematics Anxiety of Research.
Students in a Flipped The Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Classroom. (2002). Investigating Malaysian
Eysenk, Coombes S., Higgins T., et al School Mathematics Teachers.
(2007). Attetional Control Torres & Bergner (2010). Humiliation Its
Theory: Nature And Consequences.
Anxiety, Emotion and Motor
Planning.
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Audit Trail
Q2. Is there any experiences that could tell it was your origin of mathematics anxiety?
-OO NAA KATONG NI AGING KUAN YEAR
KATO, MAINGON JUD NAKO NGA
MAHADLOK JUD KO UG MATH TUNGOD
KAU DILI KAYKO KABALO MO SOLVE
TAPOS PANAN AW NAKO KANANG MO
ADTO SA ATUBANGAN OR MALI
AKOANG ANSWER OR PAGKA SOLVE
MAULAWAN TAPOS USAHAY PUD KAY
NABULLY KO MGA ING ANA BA.
-NAKA EXPERIENCE KO ANA GRADE 7
NAULAWAN KO KAY NAA MAN TOY NA
INGON AKONG TEACHER ATO, WALA
KOY ASSIGNMENT ATO HUMAN
GIPATINDOG KOS ATUBANGAN. MAO TO
NAULAWAN KO KAY GI KATAW AN KOS
AKONG MGA CLASSMATES DIDTO SAD
NAKO NA EXPERIENCE ANG BULLYING.
GI YAGA YAGAAN KO ATO GI INGNAN
KOG BULOK SAKONG MGA
CLASSMATES. ATO SANG GRADE 9 KAY
GIPA TINDOG SAD KOS ATUBANGAN NI
SIR ***** KAY WALA KO KA ANSWER SA
IYANG TUBAG. GI KATAW AN KO NILA
-NAHADLOK KOG MATH KAY NAGSUGOD NI
ATONG GINAPRESSURE NA KO NGA
ANSWERAN ANG MGA DILI NAKO KAYA,
GINAPUGOS KO SAKONG MAMA NAG
BUHATON ANG BUTANG NGA LAPAS NA
SAKONG MAKAYA.
9
NAA PUD KOY KA AGI SA UNA NGA
MAKA INGON JUD KOG NAULAWAN KO
KAY NAA MIY GI ANSWERAN ATO UNYA
GIPA SOLVE KOS ATUBANGAN UNYA
WALA KO KA ANSWER HUMAN NAA TOY
GI INGON AKONG MAESTRA NGA
KANANG NAKALIMOT KO BASTA AKONG
NA HINUMDUMAN ATO KAY GIPA FEEL
NIYA SAKO UNSA KO KA BUGO. GRABE
KAAYO AKONG KA ULAW ATO SAKONG
MGA CLASSMATES KAY NAA JUD KOS
ATUBANGAN ATO, NAKA EXPERIENCE
PUD KOG BULLYING TUNGOD ATO
AKOA NALANG GINA PASAGDAAN
AKONG KAHADLOK TAPOS USAHAY KAY
DILI KAYKO GANAHAN JUD MO SULOD
UG MATH NGA KLASE.
10
NING SKWELA GIHAPON KO TAS PARA
MO PASAR KO AY MANUDOG NALANG.
Q8.
WHAT CAN YOU ADVICE OR WOULD
ACT YOU WOULD DO AN ACT?
OO UM SIGURO BUHATON NLANG
JUD NIY ANG TANAN PARA
MAKABALO KAY KATONG TANAN
IYANG GIBATI O KAHADLOK
MAWALA RAJUD NA. DEPENDE
RAPUD NA SA KUNG UNSA SYA KA
PURSIGIDO NGA MALAGPASAN TO
NGA PROBLEMA.
MANINGKAMOT KO SA MATH.
PADAYUN LANG GIHAPUN BISAG
NAA KAY ING ANA NGA FEELING
AYAW PASAGDIHI NGA MAKA
UNDANG KA TUNGOD ANA.
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