radioactive waste materials that generally lead to fuctuations in elimatic conditiens, wether changes

charactertzed by extremely high temperatures, and pasanous rainwater coming from the altered eznne
layerAs Cimbala (2012 affirms, nuclear power prodaction significantly contributes and inextricably links
to muclear arsenal development Apart frem radiaacttve fallout, emissions coming frem the utilization of
nuclear armaments in conficts or pradectien of nuclear energy (atomic renaissance inclading uranem
minng, reactor eperatiens, fuel rad manufacture, and other dispasals of nucisar wasta affsct beth wrater
and alr eompanentbslecording to Berry (2010), uranim chemicals, diffusien af ether harmful gases, and
percolation of nuclear waste materials, including atomic fuel into water bodies affects the entire
ecalagical uniL.When essential aspects of humanity, including a safe snvirenment, foad security, and
woather harshness, are altered, the social structure of human life encsunters considerable challenges
(acobs & Nagan 2012) Envirenmental disturbanc potentially laads to a collateral threat te humanity as
the physical evirvnment determines sacial structures and human populations.Regarding gas emissions
and ather ferms of nuciear waste released inta the alr and water or even on land, all types ef ecasystems
that support the survival of humanity are affected, and also though human populations wauld respond
ta sach changes threugh migration and immigration, further environmental harm wauld triumph Berry
2010 .The dispersed papulatien due to harsh weather, unpredactive soils, and poisoned water sources
would probably invade preserved areas such as ferests, wild habitats, and other zenes. Huclear attacks
enhance insurgency and terrorism as they are potent weapons and destructive, they demalish
infrastructure, human abades, and even different natural habitats, thus causing massive displacement af
populations.The battle of global supremacy invelving some growing aations and powerful developed
natiens in the name of acquiring weapons ef mass destruction ta challenge one anether has hampered
efarts towards haman chvilization (Uolly & Ray 2006). Human progress or evolution is charactertzed by
sacial, political catural, and ecanamic developments, which are alsa essential aspects of modern human
chvilizatien. As nacdear weaponry proliferation, nuciear arms race, and its mitigation initiatives intensity
across the world, the entire human civilization is heavily hampered.The central aspect that signaificantly
amplifies human civilization is economic stability and development, something that muclear praduetion
and deterrencs are eurrently affecting and eantinues ta infuenceAs Mactarlane (2005) notes, the United
States alane is eurrently spending appraimately $2 bilien annually to prevent nuclear attacks and related
wars while Syria, Irag, Iran, and North Karsa, an the ether hand, are ineuring high eanamic costs in
prodaetion ef atomie power and naclesar artillary, thus afficting the financial constancey af the iavolved
econemies.Cauntries are living in fear of torrorist attacks, as insurgents have discevered enarmous
power bestowed in nuclear weapoary proliferation, hence forcing nations to overspend in equipping and
supporting military and strengthening securilty systems (lely & Emmerij 2009, Fallewing the high casts of
nuclear production and deterrence, cauntries are experiencing ecanamic erunches whila providing
human secerity.Wars and fear triggered by nuclear weaponry attacks causa sigaificant destabiization of
palitieal structures asd national governance, which forms an intagral part af modern human chvilization
According to Jacods and Nagan (2012), "the reliance an muclear enargy must taka Ints accsunt the full
range af political sacial, medical, scomami, and ecnlagieal issues (p78|1States fueling muclear
proliferation camtinue to sat odd examples en the acquisition of maclear paower and weapanry
technalagy, which saems ta destabilize glabal poities. Cimbala (2012) nates that the canstant glabal
rivalry involving powerful political states including the US, USSR, China, Russia, Japan, and Marth Kerea
where nuclaar development and utilization is highly debatable, is creating global geopolitical
tansions.Human chvilizatien invobved several social aspects, lncluding human health, employment, and
crucial educatien components of life that cantribute to modern culture Jolly and Ray (2006) identily core
elemeats of undertying secial sacurityas "ecsnome security, foad security, heaith seurity, environmental
security. personal security, cammunty security and political securty (pAL.Tha proliferatiea of muclear
artillery substantialy lofloences the behavior of the civil society, and as t potentially frustrates social
structure and development follwing fear of nuclear attacks, human civilization is hampered. Atomic
bambings and nuclear poisoningto the envirenment normally destabilizes communal arganization and
arrangement as civilans would be displaced during such disturbances (Berry 2010.Violent thrsats coming
frem terorist attack and ether forms of crime related to an abundance ef llagal arms within societies
disintegrate sacial structures that form an integral part of modera human civlzatien Major social threats
duu to moclear weapen aggression, such as hastile wars include miserable poverty, dsath, and
camflictFrem a shrewd perspective, development, proliferation, and utilization af atomic arsanal s
miltary components lack holistie worth as long as humanity faces substantial depressing social,
environmental, economis, and palitical impacts (lally&Ray 2006|.Hawever, the standpoint of propanents
of such armamets, especially the nuclear-weapan states, might have found something valuable in the
nuciear woaponry production. Many countries acress the worid, especialy thess against the Amarican
glabal reclamation of political and econemie power, have discovered enough evidence of pesessing a
stronger eppasitian against renswned glabal superpowers.Macfarlane (2005) aotes,

As suggested by the recent behavior of Herth Karea, Iraq, Iran, and Libya, auclear weapons appeer to be
the mast desirable weapons ta protectionist states"(p4LThe caims of protectionism against internal
affalrs by develaped econamies are the maln fümsy reasans prodeced by naclear-weapan states. The
protectionist maasures that the majerity af Masüm countries including Syriaą, Pakistan, Rossta, and Iraq
which form the buik of global eanfücts, have contrbuted immensely ta the creation and develapment of
nacdear armaries citing national demacratizationA sigoificant discermment of mucioar weapon states is
that atomic weaponry is strong and powerful artillery that armies acress the world can use to provide
substantial security ta respective nations The United States and ether powerful nations that deminate
glebal politics and influence poicies governing human rights, ecanamical develapment, and preralence of
justice ameng human secieties have fallen under intense criticism avererploitation af individual state
demeeracy Macfarfane 20051.While uphe aral against the daminance and eftuence af the American
glebal poütical power may preve signiicant in enhancing individual national development, the degree of
legitimacy ta passess harmftul weapons that frustrate humanity is a eritical matter.Fram Americans'
perspective, the coaviction is that the United States itsalf shautd passess nuclaar weapons ta deter
nuclsar attacks, and this stand is creating aven further contraversies Macfarlans 2005]. Muclear woapon
states and other proponents of a similar conviction against the United States' glebal influence strengly
believe that passession of nuclsar weapanry would make the US understand what thelr sentiments
entailDespte recarding a considerabla decrease in the namber of the mociear arsenal acress the worid,
more than 20,000 nuclear weapons are still available, with eneugh inmmense potency ta destroy the
entire planst muitiple times ver (Cimbala 2012 The question that eantinuas to linger across glabal
polütical minds is how ta impede nuclear develapment and proliferation to aveid further human
insecarilty Perbaps neciear disarmament is the mos practical appreach to deter asclear expansion and
proliferation. Berry (2010) aserts that Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Sauth Africa are same af the
countries that desarve ackoowladgement following their abilily to dismantie and abandon handling and
utilization af muclear weapans after 1989.Bowever, Kazakdhstan can best eplain the reasons way
nuclear disarmament can form the best salutian in muclear preventien.
Accarding to lJacabs and Nagan (2012), durtng the Cald War cafroatation, Kazakhstan suffared
destructive effects sf appreximately 500 Soviet atamic tests that resuted in augmentad cancer rates of
50%, thus leadingto L5 million victims of disaasas, bhirth daformities, and earły deaths.Following such
devastating repereussions, Kazakhstan recently launched an international initiative dubbed The Atam
Praject aimed at elimination d nuclear weapans (Jacebs & Nagan 2012]Far the past two decades,
Kazakhstan has eradicated and renaunced all is mucloar armaments, and this glabal program would aim
at creating pubic education zwareness about consequences of atomic weapons through an international
referendum that weuld garner intereontinental support against atemie arms (Jacobs & Nagan 20A Since
the advent ef the glabal battle against nuclear weapens, the war against such armaments is hampered
by prevaiing mplications of damestic and foreign policies within geopolitical boundaries. Each nuclear-
woapon state is holding ta its canstitutional pewer and mandate in the legitimacy ts cantinue possessing
nuclear weapansFrom Kazakhstan's experience, the use d mass destruction weapons as pratectionist
mative shall never restera global peace (Berry 201). The canviction hinged upan disbarment is that
dismissalaf the usa ar production of any form of a nacdear weapon will destroy their proliferation
Disarmament isacrucdal way of destroying the aristence and proüferation od nuclear weapens since
glabal