The

Introduction

Level – I Central Government

Level – II State Government

Level – III Local Government

 Local Government

Rural Local Government Urban Local Government

Panchayat Raj Institution Municipality

 Agriculture  Industries
 Animal rearing  Services
 Important
Features

 Local government enhance democracy at grass root level.

 The fifth entry of state list of the seventh Schedule in

Indian Constitution deals with local government.
 Important
Features

 The Panchayat Raj is constitutionalised by the 73rd

Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

 The Municipality is constitutionalised by the 74th

Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
 Historical background of
PRI

 Since independence from 1947 India want to be a developed

nation soon, Need arises for greater peoples participation.

 Community development Program (CDP) was started in 1952.

 National extension of services (NES) program was started on

1953.
Historical background of
PRI

 Both the CDP and NES Programs were gone failure.

 A Committee under the chairmanship of Balvant Rai Mehta

has constituted in January 1957 to suggest for their better
services.

 Committee have submitted its report on November 1957 and

recommended for the democratic decentralization which was
known as PRI.
Historical background of
PRI

 The reports of the committee have accepted by the government.

 On 2nd October 1959, first Panchayat Raj in India was established

in Nagour district of the Rajasthan.

 Many committees were established to suggest betterment for the

PRI.
Historical background of
PRI

 Finally L. M. Singhvi Committee have recommended for giving

constitutional recognition and status to the PRI in 1986.

 To giving Constitutional status to PRI 64th amendment bill

kept in 1989, but was not approved in RS.
 Historical background PRI
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 In June 1990 PM V. P. Singh also have given effort but by the

falling of government, bill was not been passed.

 Finally PM Narsimha Rao introduced the bill in 1992 which

was passed in 1993 known as 73rd Constitutional Amendment
Act 1992.
 Salient features of
the PRI Act
 MP become first state to adopt PRI Act in 1993.

 By this act the constitutional status given to the PRI in India.

 By this act Part – IX, The Panchayat was added in the

constitution.

 Articles from 243 to 243 (O) were added in the constitution

under part-IX.

 An 11th Schedule with 29 functional items were added in the

constitution of India deals with article – 243(G)
 Salient features of
the PRI Act

 The PRI Act has the provisions which are grouped in to two
categories:

 Compulsory

 Voluntary

 In this sense act have not disturbed to the federal structure of

the Indian Constitution.
 Salient features of
the PRI Act

 This Act have transferred to the representative democracy in

the participative democracy.

 The act has introduced three tier structure in Indian federal

structure.

 It provides provision for reservation of seats.

 The duration of Panchayat at all levels are 5 years.

 A State Election Commission for elections in Panchayat.

 Salient features of
the PRI Act

 A State Finance Commission was constituted to give

recommendation for distribution, allocation of taxes

which may be shared by the state and PRI.

 Urban Local Government
in India
Historical perspective

 First Municipal Corporation was established in Madras in

1687.
 In 1726 the Municipal Corporations were established in
Bombay and Calcutta.
 A resolution for the local self Government was passed by the
G. G. of India Lord Ripon in 1882.
 Historical
perspective

 Lord Ripon is also called as the father of local self government

in India.
 A Royal Commission on financial decentralization was
constituted in 1907 under the chairmanship of Hob House,
who submitted its report in 1909.
 By the Government of India Act, 1919 the local self
government become a transferred list subject.
 Historical
perspective

 The cantonment Board Act was passed on 1924.

 By the Government of India Act, 1935 the local government
become a provincial subject.
 After independence on the recommendations of the various
committees finally local government got constitutional status.
 Historical
perspective

 After the Rajeev Gandhi and V. P. Singh finally urban local

government was become constitutional provision by the 74th
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

 By this Act an urban local government on district level has

been established which is called Municipality.
 Salient features of the
Municipal Act

 By this act a part – IX A, The Municipality was added in the

constitution.

 The articles from 243 (P) to 243 (ZG) were added in the
constitution related to the Municipalities.

 A 12th Schedule with 18 functional items were added in the

constitution of India related to the article – 243 (W).
 Salient features of the
Municipal Act

 The Act has the provisions which are grouped in to two

categories:

 Compulsory

 Voluntary

 In this sense act have not disturbed to the federal structure of

the Indian Constitution.
 Salient features of the
Municipal Act

 The act has introduced three tier structure in Indian federal

structure.

 It provides provision for reservation of seats.

 The duration of Municipalities at all levels are 5 years.

 A State Election Commission was constituted to conduct

elections for Municipalities .
 Salient features of the
Municipal Act

 A State Finance Commission was constituted to

give recommendation for distribution, allocation of
taxes which may be shared by the state and
Municipalities.
Thank
You
Prepared & Compiled
by Ashish Ogley
(Assistant Professor Humanities Department
in The Bhopal School of Social Science)