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References

Bagayas, S. (2019, February 3). Curbing sexual harassment in public spaces 'goes beyond policy'.

Rappler.

https://www.rappler.com/nation/222590-curb-sexual-harassment-public-spaces-beyond-poli

cy/

Samantha Bagayas, an author for Rappler Magazine, discusses the difficulties of reporting

being sexually harassed. Bagayas assumes that the audience is aware of how hard it is for

women to speak up and why they struggle to do it. Bagayas writes that women like Jocilyn

Follero, a high school senior that was harassed by a man, struggle to speak up. Making

even more difficult, Jocilyn is disabled. She was on crutches when a man chased her down

and kissed her on the lips without consent. Aside from the Philippines sexual harassment

act of 1995, Quezon City might have found a solution to making it easier for women to

report sexual harassment. Clau Yagyagan created DLOCK, an app used to alert an

emergency contact or call a number to report themselves being harassed.

The author concludes the article with a message from Charisse Jordan, the national

project officer of United Nations (UN) Safe Cities in Metro Manila (Bayaga, 2019). She

says, "It is your right to report sexual harassment. It is your right to share your story when

you feel violated. It is your right to be supported and to be provided with the remedies

(Jordan, 2019). The author seems pleased with the fact that the Philippines has made an

effort to stop sexual harassment. While this article may be interesting, there is no proof of

the app actually helping the cause. This article is helpful as a starting to point on the topic

of ways to prevent sexual harassment.

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Cabral, A. (Ed.). (2017, March 28). The invisible ways we experience sexual harassment. CNN

Philippines. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from

https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2017/03/28/sexual-harassment-policies.html

Alyana Cabral, a writer for CNN Philippines, discussed the ways people experience sexual

harassment that go unnoticed. Cabral assumes that her audience is aware of the examples

of sexual harassment that go on in one's everyday life. Cabral discusses how sexual

harassment can happen anywhere and performed by anyone. A majority of sexual

harassment instances have taken place in public areas, according to the SWS survey. They

can also take place in the workplace or unexpectedly, the comfort of someone's home. The

abuser can be anybody. Most of the time, the perpetrator is a stranger. Other times it can be

someone's coworker or even a family member.

Cabral concludes the article by stating that is the realization of being sexually

harassed. Some women think that some of these acts may be minor or negligible, but

harassment is harassment. The second step would be to have the courage to speak up.

Speaking up gives the victim a sense of power over the abuser, going from a victim to a

survivor. Cabral seems confident in these women and children that they will have the

courage to speak up and tell their story. This article is interesting but doesn't go into detail

about ways sexual harassment can be prevented or resolved. This article will be helpful as

a starting point in the discussion of the nature of sexual harassment.

Chatterjee, R. (2020, May 8). Women came forward. then a chill factor set in. The Washington

Post. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/05/08/metoo-around-the-world/#Wang
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Rituparna Chatterjee, a writer for the Washington Post, discusses how Indian women took

their survivor stories of sexual assault to social media. After hearing their stories, she made

a twitter account just for them so she could make their voices heard. Chatterjee assumes

that the audience is aware of India's #MeToo movement. Women recall stories of sexual

assault and harassment from men they once thought of as a friend or significant other. All

of the men made the women feel like it was their fault, this was known as gas lighting.

Most of the women all had encounters with one man-M.J. Akbar. He was a federal minister

but these allegations forced him to resign.

Chatterjee concludes this article by discussing the effects of these allegations. Men

have filed lawsuits against these women, hoping that it will strike fear into them and hoped

that it would silence them. The #Metoo movement serves as a reminder to women that

institutions turn a blind eye to these allegations to avoid being accountable. Chatterjee

seems disappointed in these unsuccessful efforts of these women because nothing has been

done to help them. This article is interesting but doesn't give direct solutions to these

problems. This article is helpful as a starting point to the discussion of how poorly the

treatment of a sexual assault complaint can be.

Gilhooley, D. (2020, Winter/Spring). Sexual harassment in the workplace. GC Magazine.

https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-a-glob

al-challenge/

Diane Gilhooley, an author for GC Magazine, addresses the fundamental challenges in

worldwide harassment investigation management and discusses the most recent legal

developments throughout the world. Gilhooley assumes that her audience is aware of how
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poorly sexual harassment is dealt with. Gilhooley states that even though businesses and

corporations are trying to make their policies stronger since the #Metoo movement was

created, surveys conducted all across the globe repeatedly show that sexual harassment in

the workplace is under-reported. She then goes further to explain ways to improve the

environment of the workplace and build trust between employees and employers.

She concludes the article by saying that in order for businesses to continue to have

minimal brand damage and a high staff morale, they need to display a serious commitment

to eradicating sexual harassment in the workplace and addressing broader issues of

inequality. She seems certain that her solutions to sexual harassment will be efficient if

workplaces actually use them. Gilhooley's article is engaging but, there is no evidence that

her solutions have been put to use. The article is beneficial as a point to discuss the gaps in

how global sexual harassment cases have been handled.

#ITSNOTOKAY: Forum highlights the role of philippine workplaces in tackling sexual

harassment. (2020, January 7). Investing in Women. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from

https://investinginwomen.asia/posts/itsnotokay-philippine-workplaces-sexual-harassment/

In the article, Investing in Women, it discusses how members of the #ITSNOTOKAY

movement emphasizes the role of Philippine workplaces in combating sexual harassment.

The article assumes that its audience is aware of the #ITSNOTOKAY movement. The

article states that the workplace is not the most comfortable environment. Jessica Udani

recalled her experience of one of her male co-workers that made an offensive comment

about rape towards her and her other office mates. Her being a survivor of abuse, did not
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take this "harmless" comment lightly. The human resources (HR) department held a

meeting with the male worker but Jessica didn't file a case.

The article is concluded by saying that misogynistic behavior in the workplace

continues to negatively affect the minds of employees. In order for workplaces to shift their

mindset on harassment in the workplace and having a safer environment, everyone needs

to make a collective effort to create an environment that is balanced between both genders.

The article has a hopeful tone to the end, pushing for equality between men and women

while also trying to fix the misogynistic environment in the workplace. The article is very

appealing, but only states solutions and no actual results. The article is helpful as a starting

point to the discussion of how women are affected by the environment in workplaces and

what they're doing to improve it.

M.K., R., & Gupta, R. (2021). Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being among working

women. Journal of International Women's Studies, 22(6).

Authors from the Journal of International Women's Studies, Rema M.K. and Rita Gupta,

discusses Working Women's Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Well-Being. These

authors assume that the audience is not aware of the concepts of emotional intelligence and

subjective well-being and how they effect working women. The authors discuss the

research of Mayer and Salovey which they conduct on the relationship on Emotional

intelligence and subjective well-being. Emotional Intelligence (EI) was a term first used by

Mayer and Salovey (1997) who described it as "the ability to perceive accurately, appraise

and express emotions; the ability to access and or generate feelings when they facilitate

thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to
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regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth" (Mayer et al., 2001).

Subjective well-being (SWB) is one measure of the quality of life of an individual and of

societies. Diener et al. (1998).

Rema and Rita conclude the article with stating that the study has found a

significant correlation between overall emotional intelligence score and subjective

well-being. This correlation emphasizes how improving emotional intelligence could

improve the subjective well-being of working women. There is a high need to help women

in managing emotions which could have significant impact on overall emotional

intelligence scores (Rema, 2021). Rema and Rita seem certain about the study because it

lists ways of how women are affected by gender equality in the workforce and the exact

results from the study. This article is very helpful for my research because it examines the

effects of emotional intelligence and well-being while also giving ways women in the

workforce experience gender inequality.

Wang, Y. (2020, May 8). #MeToo in the land of censorship. The Washington Post. Retrieved

November 8, 2021, from

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/05/08/metoo-around-the-world/#Wang

Yaqiu Wang, a writer for The Washington Post, discusses the way that the #Metoo

movement has impacted China. Wang assumes her audience is aware of the #Metoo

movement and its affect on the world. Wang writes that Chinese feminists are trying their

hardest to to turn the heads of their Communist government and get their attention. China

has zero tolerance for collective actions so holding protests on the streets is not an option

for members of the #MeToo movement. Wang mentions the brave actions of two Chinese
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women that have taken their cases to court to seek justice. University of Minnesota student

Liu Jingyao-who faced intense slut shaming from social media-has accused Chinese

billionaire Liu Qiangdong for an alleged rape.Unfortunately, the case was turned down and

he said that the sex was "consensual." In another case, screenwriter Zhou Xiaoxuan

attempted to sue state media anchor Zhu Jun for alleged sexual harassment and assault,

which of course, he denies any of these actions occurred. Since these women have come

forward, China's government has made limited adjustments to their laws. However, China

still has very minimal support for the victims of sexual assault and harassment.

On a positive note, #MeToo activists have come out of their shell and have held

protests and discussions to build the confidence to take action to make change. Wang

describes China's #MeToo movement as a work in progress. These activists have made

small improvements each day to their cause. Wang article is helpful as a starting point to

feud the gender divide in the workforce.

Women in global economy. (2004). In International Trade Forum. International Trade Centre

UNCTAD/GATT. (Reprinted from "Women in global economy," 2004, July, International

Trade Forum, [3])

The International Trade Forum wrote an article about women in the global economy. This

article highlights problems women entrepreneurs face with trade and offers possible

solutions to these problems. The article states that a contributing problem to struggles of

being a women entrepreneur is cultural traditions. This can take the form of informal

dissuasion from working outside the home or the laws in some countries, which forbid

women from inheriting property and thus preclude them from any but the smallest business
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activities (International Trade Forum, 2004). Solutions include: networking, finance,

training, visibility, social support, and technology (International Trade Forum, 2004). The

article is concluded by mentioning ways the ITC can help. They brought attention to the

challenges women face as entrepreneurs and made efforts to fix these issues. This article

seems pleased with these efforts for helping women expand their name across the globe.

This article is helpful as a starting point to the discussion of women struggling in global

economy.

Zhang, Y., Hannum, E., & Wang, M. (2008, June). Gender based employment and income

differences in urban china: Considering the contributions of marriage and parenthood

[Gender based employment and income differences in urban china: Considering the

contributions of marriage and parenthood]. Oxford University Press, 86(4).

Yuping Zang, Emily Hannum, and Meiyan Wang, authors for the Oxford University Press,

discuss the gender gaps in China. These authors assume that the audience is aware of the

gender equality issues in China. Zang mentions that "gender gaps in employment and

earnings are strongly related to family status. It is only married women and mothers who

face significant disadvantages (Zang, 2008)." Mothers and married women suffer the most

disadvantage compared to other women.

They conclude the article with asking three questions: "whether the impact of

marriage and childbearing on women's labor outcomes can be traced to overtly

discriminatory practices that have, by some accounts, emerged in the reform era, or to more

subtle factors at home and work that condition women's preferences and choices, whether

marriage and parenthood are becoming more optional than in the past in China, and
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whether standards for being a wife and mother are becoming more demanding in urban

China (Zhang, 2008)." Further research into these three questions would give researchers a

deeper understanding of the degree that women are facing challenges with gender gaps.

The authors seemed uncertain of the future of China with finding solutions to gender gaps.

This article is interesting but leaves no solutions to fix the gender gap in China. This article

is helpful as a starting point to the discussion of gender gaps.