INDEX

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PAGE NO.

INSTITUTE VISION & MISSION

DEPARTMENTAL VISION & MISSION
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
INDUSTRIAL AND REPORT WRITING COURSE OUTCOME

CHAPTER (Times New Roman Font 14Bold Bookmark style )

CHAPTER 1(Times New Roman Font 14Bold Bookmark style )
INTRODUCTION(Times New Roman Font 14Bold Bookmark style )
1.1 OBJECTIVE 2

CHAPTER 2

2.1 5

2.2 5

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS
5.1 CONCLUSIONS 38

REFERENCES 40
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

Cracks usually have low luminance and, thus, can be considered as local intensity minima
with rather elongated structural characteristics. Cracks are usually considerably darker than the
background and that they are characterized by a uniform gray level. Therefore, a crack detector
can be applied on the luminance component of an image and should be able to identify such
minima.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

1.2.1 AN APPROACH FOR THE DETECTION OR IDENTIFICATION OF CRACKS

Crack-detection is carried out using top-hat transform [1]*. Top-hat transform is basically
a grayscale morphological filter that transforms the input grayscale image into another grayscale
output image where pixels with a large gray value are potential crack or crack-like elements. The
top-hat transform is defined as follows:

y(x) = f(x) – f nB (x) …. Eqn. (1.1)

where fnB(x) is the opening of the function f(x) (in our case, the luminance component of the
image under study) with the structuring set nB, defined as

nB = B B B---- B (n times) ..... Eqn. (1.2)

In the previous equation, denotes the dilation operation. A square or a circle can be
used as structuring element B.