Приазовський Державний Технічний Університет

Abstract
How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the
tip of the tongue? Vowels and tongue position. Vowels and lip position.

РП-21-2
Dmitrenko Victoria
How are the forelingual consonants classified
according to the work of the tip of the tongue?
Vowels and tongue position. Vowels and lip
position.
PLAN:
- forelingual consonants
-Vowels and tongue position. Vowels and lip position.
Forelingual consonants are articulated with the tip or the blade of the tongue.
According to its work they may be:

apical, if the tip of the tongue is active [t, d, s, z, tf, n, l].

 a p i c a l, if the tip of the tongue is active: [t]‚ [d]‚ [s]‚ [z]‚ [∫]‚ [ʒ]
‚ [Ө]‚ [ð]‚ [ʧ]‚ [ʤ]‚ [n]‚ [l];

 d o r s a l, if the blade of the tongue takes part in the articulation; the

tip is passive and lowered. In English there are no dorsal consonants;

 c a c u m i n a l, if the tip of the tongue is at the back part of the teeth

ridge, but a depression is formed in the blade of the tongue: [r].
cacuminal, if the tip of the tongue is at the back part of the teeth ridge, but a depression is formed in the blade of
the tongue as [r].According to the place of obstruction forelingual consonants may be: interdental, dental.,
alveolar, post-alveolar., palato-alveolar.

Interdental consonants are made with the tip of the tongue projected between the teeth: the English [ð, Ө].

Dental consonants are produced with the blade of the tongue against the upper teeth.

Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tip against the upper teeth ridge: the English [t, d, s, z, n, 1].

Post-alveolar consonants are made when the tip or the blade of the tongue is against the back part of the teeth
ridge or just behind it: the English [r].

Palato-alveolar consonants are made with the tip or the blade of the tongue against the teeth ridge and the front
part of the tongue raised towards the hard palate, thus having two places of articulation.
Vowels occur at the peak of the syllable--the most sonorous part of the syllable. Vowels are modified by lip
position: rounded, neutral, spread. They are modified by tongue height: high, mid, low. And they are
modified by tongue position: front, central, back. The following vowels represent a rather standard North
American dialect. There many variations on the vowels in English dialects, especially in non-North
American dialects. We are unable to cover these variants here. To hear a sample of each sound, click on the
underscored item that ends in ".au". Some of these will be rerecorded soon.

Vowels are divided into tense vowels and lax vowels. In lax vowels the tongue root is positioned somewhat
neutral in the mouth--neither forward (as in tense vowels) nor back (as before "r" and "l". The five basic lax
vowels include:

1. lips spread, tongue forward and high: "i" as in sit lax.i.au

2. lips rounded, tongue back, and tongue high: "oo" in good lax.u.au
3. lips spread, tongue front, and tongue mid" "e" in red lax.e.au
4. lips rounded, tongue back, and tongue mid: "o" in pore lax.o.au
5. lips neutral, tongue central, and tongue low: "a" in father lax.a.au
6. lips neutral, tongue central, and tongue mid: "u" in cut carot.au

In tense vowels the tongue root position is front. This causes what is sometimes described as tense oral
muscles involving the production of these sounds. The high and mid peripheral vowels are realized as
homorganic diphthongs. The five basic tense vowels include:

1. lips spread, tongue forward and high: "ea" as in seat tense.i.au

2. lips rounded, tongue back, and tongue high: "u" in flute tense.u.au
3. lips spread, tongue front, and tongue mid" "ai" in paid tense.e.au
4. lips rounded, tongue back, and tongue mid: "o" in go tense.o.au
5. lips neutral, tongue central, and tongue low: "a" in cat tense.a.au
URL:https://thepresentation.ru/angliyskiy-yazyk/english-consonants-classification
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URL:https://www.academia.edu/19617517/2_Sem_Classification_of_English_consonants
URL:https://studfile.net/preview/5610530/page:4/