s14 Insulators Revised Tanesco May 2020

AMG/TANZANIA/
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TANZANIA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED
“We light Up Your Life”
SPECIFICATION S14
INSULATORS
May, 2020.
TANZANIA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED

Umeme Park, Morogoro Road, Ubungo
P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Telephone: +255-22-2451130/41 or 2451160
Facsimile: +255-22-2451145
AMG/TANZANIA/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1: GENERAL
1. SCOPE ..............................................................................................S14-1
2. STANDARDS ..................................................................................S14-1
3. SERVICE CONDITIONS................................................................S14-3
4. SYSTEM CONDITIONS................................................................. S14-4
5. INSPECTION, TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE ......... S14-5
5.1 Inspection..........................................................................................S14-5
5.2 Testing...............................................................................................S14-5
5.3 Quality Assurance............................................................................. S14-7
6. SPARE PARTS ................................................................................S14-7
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING ...........................................................S14-7
7.1 Packing..............................................................................................S14-7
7.2 Shipping ............................................................................................S14-8
7.3 Hazardous Substances ...................................................................... S14-9
8. SUBMITTALS .................................................................................S14-9
8.1 Submittals required with the Bid .....................................................S14-9

8.2 Submittals required during delivery period...................................S14-10
PART 2: TECHNICAL
9. GENERAL......................................................................................S14-12
10. PIN INSULATORS........................................................................S14-13
10.1 Performance Characteristics...........................................................S14-13

10.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-14
10.3 Design and Construction ................................................................S14-14
10.4 Spindle Design................................................................................S14-14
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10.5 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-15

10.6 Markings .........................................................................................S14-15
10.7 Sample ………………………………………………………… S14-15
11. STRAIN INSULATORS................................................................S14-16
11.1 Performance characteristics............................................................S14-16

11.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-17
11.3 Design and construction.................................................................S14-18
11.4 Corrosion protection and finish .....................................................S14-18
11.5 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-19
11.6 Markings .........................................................................................S14-19
11.7 Associated hardware.......................................................................S14-19
11.8 Samples ...........................................................................................S14-19
12. LINE POST INSULATORS – HORIZONTAL STYLE …..… S14-20

12.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-21
12.4 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-22
12.5 Markings .........................................................................................S14-22
12.6 Sample ………… ………………………………………...…… S14-22
13. LINE POST INSULATORS – VERTICAL STYLE ….....…… S14-23

13.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-24
13.4 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-25
13.5 Markings ………………………………………………………. S14-25
13.6 Sample ………………………………………………………… S14-25
14. SHACKLE INSULATORS AND BOBBIN INSULATORS …..S14-26
14.1 Performance characteristics............................................................S14-26

14.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-26
14.3 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-27
14.4 Markings ………………………………………………………. S14-27
14.5 Sample …………………………………………………………. S14-27
15. STAY INSULATORS....................................................................S14-28
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15.2 Materials .........................................................................................S14-28
15.3 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-29
15.4 Markings .........................................................................................S14-29
15.5 Sample …………………………………………………………. S14-29
16. INSULATOR TESTS.....................................................................S14-30
16.1 General ............................................................................................S14-30

16.2 Type Tests.......................................................................................S14-30
16.3 Sample Tests ...................................................................................S14-33
16.4 Routine Tests ..................................................................................S14-35
17. SCHEDULES .................................................................................S14-36
17.1 Technical Data Schedule: 11kV Pin Insulators.............................S14-36

17.2 Technical Data Schedule: 33kV pin Insulators .............................S14-38
17.3 Technical Data Schedule: Porcelain Strain Insulators ..................S14-40
17.4 Technical Data Schedule: Polymeric Strain Insulators.................S14-42
17.5 Technical Data Schedule: 11kV Line Post Insulators Horizontal S14-44
17.6 Technical Data Schedule: 33kV Line Post Insulators Horizontal S14-46
17.7 Technical Data Schedule: 11kV Pilot Post Insulator Vertical... S14-48
17.8 ...... Technical Data Schedule: 33kV Pilot Post Insulator Vertical …S14-50
17.9 ...... Technical Data Schedule: Shackle Insulators………………...S14-52
17.10 Technical Data Schedule: Bobbin Insulators …………………. . S14-54
17.11 Technical Data Schedule: 11kV Stay Insulators ...........................S14-56
17.12 Technical Data Schedule: 33kV Stay Insulators ...........................S14-57
17.13 Non Compliance Schedule.............................................................S14-58
17.14 Test Certificates Schedule..............................................................S14-59
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PART 3: INSTALLATION
18. INSTALLATION ...........................................................................S14-60
APPENDICES
Figure 1: 11 kV Pin Insulator ………………………………….. S14-61
Figure 2: 33 kV Pin Insulator ………………………………….. S14-62
Figure 3: Porcelain Strain Insulator ……… …………………… S14-63
Figure 4: Polymeric Strain Insulator ……… …………………… S14-64
Figure 5: 11 kV Line Post Insulator - Horizontal Style ………….S14-65
Figure 6: 33 kV Line Post Insulator - Horizontal Style ……….…S14-66
Figure 7: Horizontal Base Mounting Bracket …………….…… S14-67
Figure 8: Horizontal Clamptop Cap …………………………… S14-68
Figure 9: Horizontal Clamptop Clamp …………………………S14-68
Figure 10: 11 kV Line Post Insulator - Vertical Style ………… S14-69
Figure 11: 33 kV Line Post Insulator - Vertical Style …………..S14-70
Figure 12: Shackle Insulator – Double Groove ……………….. S14-71
Figure 13: Bobbin Insulator …………………………………... S14-72

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Figure 14: LV/11 kV Stay Insulator ……………………………S14-73
Figure 15: 33 kV Stay Insulator ………………………………. S14-73

Figure 16: 11kV and 33kV Solid core insulator stud……..……..S14-74
TABLES
Table 1: Pin insulator performance characteristics......................S14-13
Table 2a: Porcelain & Glass Strain insulator performance

characteristics .................................................................S14-16
Table 2b: Polymeric Strain insulator performance characteristicsS14-17

Table 3: Line post insulator horizontal style characteristics …... S14-20
Table 4: Line Post Insulator Vertical Style Characteristics .….. S14-23
Table 5: Shackle & Bobbin insulator performance

characteristics ..........................................................….. S14-26
Table 6: Dimensions of Shackle & Bobbin Insulator ………….. S14-27
Table 7: Stay insulator performance characteristics ................…S14-28
Last Page ..........................................................................................S14-7

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Specification S14 - Insulators
PART 1: GENERAL
1. SCOPE
This specification covers the design, manufacture, testing, supply, delivery

and performance requirements of pin, disc, strain, line post, shackle,
bobbin and stay insulators for use in the networks of the Tanzania
Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO).
Any departure from the provisions of this specification shall be disclosed

at the time of tendering in the Non compliance schedule, in part 2 of this
document.
2. STANDARDS
The equipment shall comply with the latest editions of, and amendments
to, the international standards listed below. Where any provision of this
specification differs from those of the standards listed below, the
provisions of this specification shall apply:
BSI British Standards Institution
 BS 137: Insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead lines

with a nominal voltage greater than 1000V.
 BS 729: Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and

steel articles.
 BS 3288: Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power lines.
ESI Electricity Supply Industry
 ESI 43-91: Stay strands and stay fittings for overhead lines.
European Union Commission
 SI 426: European Communities (dangerous substances) (classification,

packaging, labelling and notification) regulation, 1992.
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
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 IEC 305: Characteristics of string insulator units of the cap and pin
type.
 IEC 383: Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage

above 1000V.
 IEC 437: Radio interference test on high voltage insulators.
 IEC 471: Dimensions of clevis and tongue couplings of string

insulator units.
 IEC 575: Thermal-mechanical performance test and mechanical

performance test on string insulator units.
 IEC 1109: Composite insulators for ac overhead lines with a

nominal voltage greater than 1000V - Definitions, test methods and
acceptance criteria.
ISO International Organization for Standardization
 ISO 9000: Quality management and quality assurance standards –

Guidelines for selection and use.
 ISO 14000: Environmental management standards
Associated specifications
 S01: General technical requirements of 33kV, 11kV and LV networks.

 S11: Wood Poles
 S11A: Concrete Poles
 S11B: Steel Poles
 S12: Staywire accessories
 S13: Crossarms and associated steelwork
 S15: Line fittings
 S16: Bare and PVC covered conductors
The bidder may propose alternative standards, provided it is demonstrated

that they give a degree of quality and performance equivalent to that of the
referenced standards. Acceptability of any alternative standard is at the
discretion of TANESCO. Therefore, the bidder must quote for the main
standard.
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3. SERVICE CONDITIONS
The service conditions shall be as follows:
 Altitude (above sea level) 1,600m

 Maximum outdoor temperature 40C
 Minimum outdoor temperature 10C
 Maximum monthly mean temperature 35C
 Annual mean temperature 22C
 Maximum relative humidity 60% to 96%
 Isokeraunic level tropical
 Maximum wind velocity 58km/h
 Prevailing wind direction SE and NW
 Type of atmosphere coastal
Environmentally, the region where the work will take place is a coastal
area, subject to an overall medium relative humidity, which can give rise
to condensation. Onshore winds are frequently salt laden. On occasions,
the combination of salt and condensation may create pollution conditions
for outdoor insulators.
Therefore, outdoor material and equipment shall be designed and

protected for use in exposed, polluted, salty, corrosive and humid coastal
atmosphere.
Indoor material and equipment shall be designed and protected for use in
buildings, which occasionally may be wet and damp.
4. SYSTEM CONDITIONS
The equipment shall be suitable for installation in supply systems of the

following characteristics:
 Frequency 50Hz
 Nominal system voltages 33kV
11kV
400/230V
 Maximum system voltages: 33kV 36kV

11kV 12kV
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 Maximum LV voltage 440/253V
 Minimum LV voltage 374/215V
 Nominal short circuit levels: 33kV 25kA

11kV 25kA
LV 7.5kA
 Insulation levels:
1.2/50s impulse
(positive and negative polarity): 33kV 170kV
11kV 75kV
power frequency
(one minute withstand, wet): 33kV 70kV
11kV 28kV
LV 3kV
 Neutral earthing arrangements:

33kVeffectively earthed
11kVeffectively earthed
LV effectively earthed
 Creepage distance 30mm/kV

(of maximum system voltage)
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5. INSPECTION, TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
5.1 Inspection
The supplier shall submit a detailed programme covering the design,

fabrication and testing of the equipment within one month of receipt of the
contract award.
Reports shall subsequently be submitted at intervals, outlining progress

and, if necessary, explaining deviations from the programme.
TANESCO’s representative shall have free entry at all times, while work
on the contract is being performed, to all parts of the fabrication works
which concern the processing of the equipment ordered. The fabricator
shall afford the TANESCO’s representative, without charge, all
reasonable facilities to satisfy himself or herself that the equipment being
furnished is in accordance with this specification.
5.2 Testing
The equipment shall successfully pass all the type tests and routine tests
referred to in part 2 and those listed in the most recent edition of the
standards given in clause 2 of this specification.
Each separate consignment of material shall be accepted or rejected by the

TANESCO representatives on the basis of the results of the tests carried
out on 10% of each of the individual items of the consignments ready for
dispatch. TANESCO representatives reserve the right to reject an item of
equipment if the test results do not comply with the values specified or
with the data given in the technical data schedule.
Type tests shall be carried out at an independent testing laboratory or be

witnessed by a representative of such laboratory or some other
representative acceptable to TANESCO. Routine tests shall be carried out
at the manufacturer's works.
Type tests may be dispensed with at the TANESCO's discretion if the

contractor furnishes evidence to TANESCO’s satisfaction that the
relevant tests have already been performed on identical equipment. In this
case test certificates shall be submitted with the bid for evaluation.
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TANESCO shall have the tests witnessed by a representative. In order to

facilitate this, the contractor shall give TANESCO a minimum of four
weeks notice that the material is ready for testing. If TANESCO does not
indicate her intention to participate in the testing, the manufacturer shall
carry out the tests and the contractor shall furnish the results thereof to
TANESCO.
Full details of the proposed methods of testing, including connection

diagrams, shall be submitted to TANESCO by the contractor for approval,
at least one month before testing.
All costs in connection with the testing shall be borne by the contractor
who shall provide the TANESCO representatives with all the test facilities
which the latter may require, free of charge. The TANESCO
representatives shall have the right to select the samples if he or she so
desires and shall also have the right to satisfy themselves that the testing
apparatus is correct.
The contractor shall submit to TANESCO five signed copies of the test
certificates, giving the results of the tests as required. No materials shall
be dispatched until the test certificates have been received by TANESCO
and the contractor has been informed that they are acceptable.
The test certificates must show the actual values obtained from the tests,
in the units used in this specification, and not merely confirm that the
requirements have been met.
TANESCO shall have the equipment inspected after reception and

TANESCO representatives shall have the right to select the samples, if
desired. The contractor shall cooperate with this inspection and shall
provide the TANESCO’s representatives, free of charge, all the facilities
which the latter may require.
In the case of components for which specific type tests or routine tests are
not called for in part 2 or in the quoted standards in clause 2 of this
specification, the contractor shall include a list of all tests he or she
proposes the manufacturer to carry out.
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5.3 Quality Assurance
The contractor shall provide current certification showing the

manufacturer's compliance with ISO 9000 or equivalent national standard.
6. SPARE PARTS
The bid shall include, if any, a comprehensive list of all consumable and
non consumable spare parts and accessories, necessary for five years of
normal operation as specified by the manufacturer.
In addition, the bid shall include, if any, in price schedule of this bidding
document, a price list of recommended non consumable spare parts for all
major items of equipment.
The bidder shall give an assurance that spare parts, if any, will continue to
be available through the life of the equipment.
The spare parts, if any, shall be clearly identified and related to the
specific equipment item. Spare parts, should they be required, shall be
delivered suitably packed and treated for long periods in storage. Each
pack shall be clearly and indelibly marked with its contents, including a
designation number corresponding to the spare parts list in the operation
and maintenance instructions. All spare parts, if any, shall be stored in the
TANESCO designated stores.
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING
7.1 Packing
All equipment, including accessories, shall be packed and securely

clamped against movement in robust, wooden, non returnable packing
cases to ensure safe transit from the manufacturer's works to the work
sites.
The packing shall provide suitable protection against all climatic

conditions prevailing during transport and on site.
Equipment or material liable to deterioration by sea water, moisture, or

ingress of foreign matter shall be totally sealed in strong polythene bags.
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All accessories shall be carefully packed so that they are fully protected
during transport and handling operations and in storage.
Internal surfaces of loose accessories shall be sealed off by means of

gaskets and blanking off plates. Equipment and surfaces liable to
deterioration due to condensation shall be protected by packs of silica gel
or other approved desiccant.
Each packing case shall be indelibly marked, in two adjacent sides and
on the top, with the following:
 Individual serial number;

 Client's name, that is: Tanzania Electric Supply Company
Limited;
 Contract number;
 Contractor’s name;
 Name and address of contractor 's agent in Tanzania;
 Manufacturer's name;
 Description of contents;
 Country of origin;
 Case measurements;
 Gross and net weights in kilogrammes; and
 All necessary slinging and stacking instructions.
Each case shall contain a fully detailed packing list in a sealed

waterproof envelope. Five copies of each packing list shall be sent to
TANESCO prior to dispatching the equipment.
7.2 Shipping
The supplier shall be responsible for the shipping of all plant and
equipment supplied from abroad to the ports of entry and for the transport
of all goods to TANESCO designated Stores and for all the costs and
expenses resulting from it in accordance with INCOTERM specified.
All transport accessories, such as riding lugs, jacking pads, blanking off
plates, etc. shall become the property of TANESCO.
All items of equipment shall be securely clamped against movement to

ensure safe transit from the manufacturer's facilities to the work sites.
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All accessories shall be carefully packed so that they are fully protected
during transport and handling operations and while in storage.
The supplier shall advise, if requested, the storage required for any plant
and equipment that may be delivered to the TANESCO stores. The
supplier shall be required to accept responsibility for the advice given, in
so far as these arrangements may have a bearing on the behaviour of the
equipment in subsequent service.
7.3 Hazardous Substances
The manufacturer shall submit safety data sheets for all substances used
with the equipment. These substances shall be classified in accordance
with the European Union SI 426: European Communities (dangerous
substances) (classification, packaging, labelling and notification)
regulation, 1992, or any subsequent amendment.
The contractor shall give an assurance that there are no other substances
classified as hazardous in the equipment supplied. The contractor shall
accept responsibility for the disposal of such hazardous substances, should
any be found.
The contractor shall also be responsible for any injury resulting from
hazardous substances.
8. SUBMITTALS
In addition to the documentation set out in contract requirement, some

technical documentation is required as set out in clauses 8.1 and 8.2
below:
8.1 Submittals required with the Bid
The following shall be required:
 Completed technical data schedule;

 Descriptive literature giving full technical details of equipment
offered;
 Outline dimension drawing for each major component and general
arrangement drawing showing component layout;
 Certified original type test certificates and sample routine test
reports with an address of the Independent laboratory that
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undertook the type test. Uncertified reports shall be rejected henceforth

the bid will be non responsive.
 Safety data sheets for all substances used with the equipment;
 Detailed reference list of customers, for the past three years, already
using the equipment offered with particular emphasis on units of
similar design and rating;
 Details of manufacture’s quality assurance standards and

programme; and
 Deviations from this specification. Only deviations approved in

writing before award of contract shall be accepted.
 Bidders should submit with their bids a sample of the insulators for which
they bid for evaluation purposes.
8.2 Submittals required by TANESCO after Contract Award:
The following shall be required:
 Drawing and a sample of the insulator offered for approval before

the whole consignment is manufactured.
 Programme for production and testing;

 A training video illustrating installation, operation and maintenance
of the plant item; and
 Five bound folders with records of the technical particulars relating

to the equipment. Each folder shall contain the following information:
 General description of the equipment and all components,

including original brochures;
 Technical data schedule, with approved revisions if any;
 Calculations to substantiate mechanical strength of insulators

taking account of loads acting on them as a result of wind
pressure and conductor tension for maximum windspan and
worse design conditions, for all insulator duties and for all
permitted line deviations;
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 Detailed dimension drawing for all components and detailed

arrangement drawing showing installation of the insulators;
 Inspection and test certificates & reports carried out in the

manufacturer's works;
 Detailed installation and commissioning instructions; and
 Operation and maintenance instructions, as well as trouble

shooting charts.
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PART 2: TECHNICAL
9. GENERAL
This specification covers the design, manufacture, testing, supply, delivery

and performance requirements of the pin insulators, strain/disc
insulators, line post insulators, shackle insulators, bobbin insulators
and stay insulators required by the 33kV, 11kV and LV lines in Tanzania
Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO).
The type of insulators described in this specification are intended to

maintain the general look of the existing networks and to take advantage
of the familiarity of the TANESCO's staff with these type of units.
Wherever polymeric insulators are offered, the bidder shall clearly state
the housing material and percentage composition of each material used.
Furthermore, it will be the bidder's responsibility to ensure that the

mechanical strength of the proposed insulators is sufficient to support the
loads generated, by wind acting on the insulators and by conductor tension
for maximum windspan and worst design conditions, for all insulator
duties and for all permitted line deviations.
All type of insulators shall be clearly marked with the name or

trademark of the manufacturer and the year of manufacture. They
shall also be marked with TANESCO's logo and voltage level. In
addition, each unit shall be marked with the specified mechanical or
electromechanical failing load. These markings shall be legible and
indelible. The markings may be printed or impressed, provided such
impressions do not impair the performance of the insulator.
10. PIN INSULATORS
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Figure 1:Pin Insulator
10.1 Performance Characteristics
The following performance levels shall be met:
Minimum Performance Characteristics 11kV 33kV

Dry Impulse Withstand Voltage (1.2/50us) 95kV 200kV
Wet 50Hz Withstand Voltage 47kV 70kV
50Hz Puncture Voltage 105kV 250kV
Dry Critical Impulse Flashover

(Positive and Negative Wave) 100kV
Dry 50Hz Critical Flashover Voltage (RMS) 74kV
Wet 50Hz Critical Flashover 53kV
Creepage Distance 360mm 1,080mm
Protected Leakage Distance 530mm
Mechanical Failing Load 10kN* 10kN*
Radio Interference: 50Hz applied voltage 7.5kV 22kV
Radio Interference Noise Limit 30dB 30dB

(above 1uV across 300 ohm at 1MHz)
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Table 1: Pin insulator performance characteristics
 While this is the minimum failing load specified in table 1 of BS

137 part 2, it will be the bidder's responsibility to ensure that the
mechanical strength of the proposed insulators is sufficient to
support the loads generated, by wind acting on the insulators and by
conductor tension for maximum windspan and worst design
conditions, for all insulator duties and for all permitted line
deviations.
10.2 Materials
TANESCO is used to porcelain brown glazed insulators but has a strong

preference for polymeric insulators with a proven track record.
However, among polymeric insulators, Silicone rubber composite
insulators are preferred compared to others.
Figure 2: Pin Insulator
10.3 Design and Construction
The relevant vertical dimensions shall be such that when combined with
the pin insulator spindle or line post stud (described in specification S15:
Line fittings) or stud (for polymeric insulators) the design requirement at
the relevant voltage level for conductor clearance from the crossarm shall
be met.
The design shall be such that stresses due to expansion and contraction in
any part of the insulator shall not lead to deterioration. Precautions shall
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be taken to avoid chemical reaction between cement and metal fittings by

the choice of suitable materials or by the manufacturing method. Single
piece insulator construction shall be considered.
The insulating material shall not engage directly with hard metal. Pin
insulators shall be provided with a thimble of suitable material. Cement
used in the construction of the insulator shall not cause fracture by
expansion or loosening by contraction and proper care shall be taken to
locate the individual parts correctly during cementing. The insulators shall
have a centre tap groove.
10.4 Spindle Design
The insulator spindle shall comply with BS 3288 part 2, reference

numbers 29 and 31 for 11kV and 33kV pin insulators respectively, or with
an equivalent standard. The whole length of the stalk shall be threaded to
facilitate using the pin insulators both on channel and angle crossarms of
the types described in TANESCO specification S13: Crossarms and
associated steelwork. The threaded portion shall conform to associated
TANESCO specification S15: Line fittings.
Ferrous parts, unless of stainless steel, shall be hot dip galvanized in

accordance with BS 729, with the exception of cotter pins which shall be
galvanized using the methods of BS 729, but with a coating mass of
500g/sq m. For polymeric insulators the stud should be of stainless steel.
10.5 Dimensions
The bidder shall guarantee that the dimensions and tolerances of the
insulator offered are in accordance with the drawing, which shall
accompany the bid documents.
The thimble shall be suitable for large steel head insulator pins, reference
number 16 as shown in figure 2 of BS 3288 part 2. The internal threads of
the thimble shall comply with the gauging requirements contained in
Appendix B of BS 137 part 2
10.6 Markings
All insulators shall be clearly marked with the name or trademark of the
manufacturer and the year of manufacture. They shall also be marked
with TANESCO's logo and voltage level. In addition, each unit shall be
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marked with the specified mechanical or electromechanical failing

load. These markings shall be legible and indelible. The markings may
be printed or impressed, provided such impressions do not impair the
performance of the insulator. Markings shall be applied before firing.
10.7 Samples
Bidders should submit with their bids a sample of the insulators for
which they bid for evaluation purposes. The bidder who will be awarded
the contract shall submit a drawing and a sample of the insulator offered
for approval before the whole consignment is manufactured.
Figure 1 and 2 illustrates examples of 11kV and 33kV Porcelain Pin

Insulators respectively.
11. STRAIN INSULATORS
a) The following performance levels shall be met for porcelain &

glass:
Figure 3:Disc Strain Insulator
Performance Characteristics Minimum

Level
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Dry impulse withstand voltage (1.2/50us) 85kV
Wet 50Hz withstand voltage 28kV
50Hz Puncture Voltage 80kV
Dry critical impulse flashover (positive and negative wave) 100kV
Creepage distance 360mm
Mechanical failing load (glass only) 44.49kN
Electromechanical failing load (porcelain only) 44.49kN
Mechanical routine load 22.24kN
Shattering impact load 35.59kN
Thermal mechanical performance Qs>K
Radio interference: 50Hz applied voltage 7.5kV
Radio interference: noise limit

(above 1uV across 300ohm at 1MHz) 30dB
Table 2a: Porcelain & Glass Strain Insulator Performance Characteristics
b) The following performance levels shall be met for polymeric:
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Figure 4:Polymeric Strain Insulator
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Performance Characteristics Minimum Minimum

Level Level
11kV 33kV
Number of Sheds Specify Specify
Leakage distance (mm) Specify Specify
Dry arc distance (mm) 235 457
Power frequency withstand, 60Hz (Dry and 150kV 250kV

Wet respectively) 75kV 140kV
Critical flashover (Positive and Negative 140kV 320kV

respectively) 160kV 330kV
Specified Mechanical Load (SML) 80kN 80kN
Proof Test for 10 seconds 44.5kN 44.5kN
Radio interference: 50Hz applied voltage 7.5kV 7.5kV
Radio interference: noise limit

(above 1uV across 300ohm at 1MHz) 30dB 30dB
Table 2b: Polymeric Strain Insulator Performance Characteristics
11.2 Materials

The bidder who offers insulators manufactured from insulating materials

other than porcelain, such as polymeric materials, shall give full
particulars of such materials, including long term weathering and tensile
tests, and evidence of experience under practical conditions.
S14-19
AMG/TANZANIA/
A single polymeric strain insulator shall be comparable to three & two

porcelain strain insulator for 33 & 11kV system respectively. Furthermore,
it is preferred that the coupling length, L of the polymeric strain insulator
is equivalent to three and two porcelain disc insulators in series for 33kV
and 11kV respectively. This will enable TANESCO to directly
interchange or replace the existing porcelain installations without need
of re-tensioning the overhead line.
The design shall be such that stresses due to expansion and contraction in
any part of the insulator shall not lead to deterioration. Precautions shall
be taken to avoid chemical reaction between cement and metal fittings,
either by the choice of suitable materials, or by the manufacturing method.
The porcelain shall not engage directly with hard metal. Cement used in
the construction of the insulator shall not cause fracture by expansion or
loosening by contraction, and proper care shall be taken to locate the
individual parts correctly during cementing.
For polymeric strain insulators, the end fittings should be manufactured

from hot dip galvanized malleable iron. The 70kN end fittings to be ball
and socket and to meet specification of BS. 3288 (16-16B) at line end and
ground end respectively. 16mm diameter Fiberglass or epoxy “E” glass
rod shall be used in the construction design.
11.4 Corrosion Protection and Finish
Ferrous parts, unless of stainless steel, shall be hot dip galvanized in

accordance with BS 729. However, the minimum weight of zinc deposited
generally shall be 610g/sq m, which is equivalent to a minimum average
thickness of coating of 85 microns (m) with a preference for 1,005g/sq
m, which is equivalent to a minimum average thickness of coating of 140
microns (m).
11.5 Dimensions
S14-20
AMG/TANZANIA/
All components shall comply with the relevant standards.
11.6 Markings
with TANESCO's logo. In addition, each unit shall be marked with the
specified mechanical or electromechanical failing load. These markings
shall be legible and indelible. The markings may be printed or impressed,
provided such impressions do not impair the performance of the insulator.
Markings shall be applied before firing.
11.7 Associated Hardware
Hooks, conductor clamps and other associated hardware shall comply with
associated specification S15: Line fittings.
11.8 Samples
Figure 3 and 4 illustrate typical porcelain and polymeric strain insulators

respectively.
12. LINE POST INSULATORS - HORIZONTAL STYLE
Figure 5:Horizontal line post insulator
S14-21
AMG/TANZANIA/

Wet 50Hz, 1minute Withstand Voltage 80kV 145kV
50Hz Puncture Voltage Puncture Puncture

proof proof
(Positive and Negative Wave) 180kV 275kV
Dry 50Hz Critical Flashover Voltage (RMS) 110kV 160kV
Wet 50Hz Critical Flashover 100kV 145kV
Protected Leakage Distance 293mm 530mm
Radio Interference Noise Limit 30dB 30dB

(above 1uV across 300 ohm at 1MHz)
Table 3: Line post insulators - horizontal style characteristics
 While this is the minimum failing load, it will be the bidder's

responsibility to ensure that the mechanical strength of the proposed
insulators is sufficient to support the loads generated, as per the
bidder's line design, by wind acting on the insulators and by
conductor tension for maximum windspan and worse design
deviations.
12.2 Materials
S14-22
AMG/TANZANIA/


Length of the line post insulator has to be a concern if a specific clearance

must be maintained from conductors to pole or to other conductor. Typical
11kV and 33 kV horizontal style line post insulators are shown in figure 5
and figure 6 respectively. The structural design of the Line post insulators
- horizontal style shall consists of three basic parts:
Rod:
The insulator fiberglass rod shall be produced from the highest quality
materials. Strands shall be aligned for the maximum tensile strength. The
rod shall be filled 57 percent, by volume, with electrical grade glass fibers.
End Fittings:
Ferrous end fittings shall be crimped directly to the fiberglass rod. The
crimp shall require no inter-movement of the parts to achieve high
strength, nor shall it introduce potting compounds or adhesives.
The Horizontal Base mounting bracket, the Horizontal Clamp-top Cap and
Clamp-top clamps shall be made of ductile steel galvanized, bronze metal
or aluminium and shall both be mounted directly on the horizontal line
post insulator. A typical horizontal base mounting bracket, the
horizontal clamp-top cap and clamp-top clamps are as shown in
figures 7, 8 and 9 respectively with the associated dimensions.
All the end fittings shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal force at

the conductor of, at least 10 kN.
Weather sheds:
S14-23
AMG/TANZANIA/
The insulators shall be manufactured with polymeric material most

preferred, as indicated above, Silicone rubber. The polymeric material
shall offer a desirable toughness and resistance to tracking, with the
hydrophobic characteristics derived from low molecular weight silicone
oils. The insulator shall be suitable for washing by all known methods in
current use.
The manufacturer shall use several tests to evaluate the material such as
tracking, Ultraviolet, corona cutting, salt fog, oxidative stability and
variations of differential thermal analysis tests to assure the quality shed
material.
12.4 Dimensions
The Supplier/Manufacturer shall guarantee that the dimensions and

tolerances of the insulator offered are in accordance with the drawing,
which shall accompany the bid documents.
12.5 Markings
All types of insulators shall be clearly marked with the name or

trademark of the manufacturer and the year of manufacture. They
shall also be marked with TANESCO's logo, voltage level in kV and the
specified mechanical load in kN. These markings shall be legible and
indelible. The markings may be printed or impressed, provided such
impressions do not impair the performance of the insulator.
12.6 Samples
13. LINE POST INSULATORS - VERTICAL STYLE
S14-24
AMG/TANZANIA/
Figure 6 Line post insulator

50Hz Puncture Voltage puncture puncture

proof proof
(Positive and Negative Wave) 180kV 275kV
Dry 50Hz Critical Flashover Voltage (RMS) 110kV 160kV
Wet 50Hz Critical Flashover 100kV 145kV
Protected Leakage Distance 293mm 530mm
Radio Interference Noise Limit 30dB

S14-25
AMG/TANZANIA/
(above 1uV across 300 ohm at 1MHz) 30dB
Table 4: Line post insulators - vertical style characteristics
 While this is the minimum failing load, it will be the bidder's

responsibility to ensure that the mechanical strength of the proposed
insulators is sufficient to support the loads generated, as per the
bidder's line design, by wind acting on the insulators and by
conductor tension for maximum windspan and worse design
deviations.
13.2 Materials

Figure 7:Line Post Insulators

S14-26
AMG/TANZANIA/
Length of the line post insulator shall be a concern if specific clearances

must be maintained from conductors to crossarms or to other conductor or
pole. A typical 11kV and 33 kV Porcelain Line Post Insulators vertical
style are shown in figure 10 and figure 11 respectively. The structural
design of the Line post insulators - vertical style mainly consists of two
basic parts:
Base Fitting:
The base fitting, stud shall be made of malleable cast iron in conformity
with BS 6681 or equivalent and galvanized in conformity with BS 729.
The base fittings shall be manufactured according to BS 3288 part 1 and
its performance shall be in conformity to BS 3288 part 2. The base
fittings, that is studs shall be mounted directly on the pilot post insulator
and thus supplied together. The studs shall be 139.7mm long, 22.2 mm in
diameter and shall have a minimum mechanical failing load of 10KN.
Insulator:
The insulators shall be manufactured with brown glazed porcelain or

Silicone rubber material. In case of Silicone rubber material, the bidder
shall offer the desirable toughness and resistance to tracking, with the
hydrophobic characteristics derived from low molecular weight silicone
oils. Also the insulator shall be suitable for washing by all known methods
in current use.
The manufacturer shall also use several tests to evaluate the material such
as tracking, Ultraviolet, corona cutting, salt fog, oxidative stability and
variations of differential thermal analysis tests to assure the quality of
insulator material.
13.4 Dimensions
13.5 Markings
S14-27
AMG/TANZANIA/
with TANESCO's logo, voltage level in kV and the specified
mechanical load in kN. These markings shall be legible and indelible.
The markings may be printed or impressed, provided such impressions do
not impair the performance of the insulator.
13.6 Samples
for approval before the whole consignment is manufactured..
14. SHACKLE INSULATORS AND BOBBIN INSULATORS
Figure 8:Bobbin Insulators
Figure 9:Shackle Insulator
S14-28
AMG/TANZANIA/
14.1 Performance characteristics

Performance Characteristics Minimum Level Minimum Level for
for Shackle Bobbin Insulators
Insulators
Wet 50Hz Withstand Voltage 3 kV 3 kV
Safe Working Load 4.2 kN 2.8 kN
Minimum Breaking Load 13.2 kN 7.1 kN
Dry Flashover 25 kV 17 kV
Wet Flashover 12 kV 9 kV
Table 5: Shackle and Bobbin insulators performance characteristics
14.2 Materials
Materials used for shackle and bobbin insulators shall be porcelain

brown glazed. The surface of the insulators shall be perfectly smooth and
free from all defects and cracks.
14.3 Dimensions
The main overall required dimensions are:
Description Shackle Bobbin

Insulators Insulators
Maximum height 76.0 mm 67.0 mm
Diameter 70.0 mm 76.0 mm
S14-29
AMG/TANZANIA/
Axial hole diameter (flared at both ends) 21.0 mm 21.0 mm
Table 6: Dimensions of Shackle and Bobbin Insulators
The groove radius should be sufficient to accommodate wasp conductor,

and the PVC covered 100sq mm AAC conductor offered, against
TANESCO specification S16: Bare and PVC covered conductors.
Figure 12 and 13 illustrates the typical Shackle and Bobbin Insulators

respectively.
14.4 Markings
with TANESCO's logo & the specified mechanical load in kN. These
markings shall be legible and indelible. The markings may be printed or
impressed, provided such impressions do not impair the performance of
the insulator. Markings shall be applied before firing.
14.5 Samples
15. STAY INSULATORS

To minimize logistic problems and stocking charges the LV lines shall
use an 11kV stay insulator. Therefore TANESCO shall use only two
types of stay insulators. That is one type for 33 kV lines and the other
type for LV and 11 kV lines.
S14-30
AMG/TANZANIA/
Figure 10:Stay Insulators
Performance Characteristics 11kV 33kV

Minimum Creepage Distance 85mm 3 x 85
Safe Working Load 26kN 26kN
Minimum Failing Load 65kN 65kN
Table 7: Stay insulator performance characteristics
15.2 Materials
Materials used for manufacturing 33kV and 11kV/LV stay insulators shall
be porcelain brown glazed.
15.3 Dimensions
insulators offered are in accordance with the drawing, which shall
S14-31
AMG/TANZANIA/
The insulators shall be used with 7/8 SWG steel staywire, having an
overall diameter of 12.2mm and tensile strength of 70kgf/sq mm. The
insulators shall be suitable for use with preformed fittings on the staywire,
have a minimum hole diameter of 22mm and be such that a straight
staywire can be passed through it.
The measured creepage paths shall be indicated on the drawings
accompanying the tender.
15.4 Markings
with TANESCO's logo and the specified mechanical load in kN. These
markings shall be legible and indelible. The markings may be printed or
impressed, provided such impressions do not impair the performance of
the insulator. Markings shall be applied before firing.
15.5 Samples
16. INSULATOR TESTS
16.1 General
The bidder shall certify in the Test certificates schedule that:
 The insulators conform with this specification and that the required
type tests have been carried out;
 Samples have withstood the specified sample tests. The Report shall
include complete details of all the tests listed below. Numerical
values shall be given for each individual test result in all
appropriate cases; and
 Every insulator of the consignment has withstood the routine tests

specified.
S14-32
AMG/TANZANIA/
The statement shall include complete details of all the tests listed in this
section
16.2 Type Tests

Type tests are intended to verify the main electrical characteristics of an
insulator, which depend chiefly on its shape and size. These tests are
normally made only once. They shall be repeated only when the design or
the material of the insulator is changed.
The tests listed for polymeric insulators are intended to verify the
suitability of the design, materials and method of manufacture, or, in other
words, the project technology. After successful completion of these tests
on an insulator sample of the same class, this class of insulators will be
accepted until there is a change in any of the aforementioned parameters,
such as design, material or method of manufacture.
The type tests required are:
 Dry, lightning impulse withstand voltage test;

 Wet, switching impulse withstand voltage test (polymeric insulators
only);
 Steep front impulse voltage test (polymeric insulators only);
 Critical impulse flashover test;
 Dry, power frequency voltage test (polymeric insulators only);
 Wet, power frequency voltage test:
for shackle insulators the wet (RMS) withstand test voltage shall be
3kV, 50Hz.
Flashover on any of the insulators under the specified withstand test

conditions will result in rejection of the insulator design;
 Sudden load release test (polymeric insulators only);

 Thermal mechanical test (polymeric insulators only);
 Thermal mechanical performance:
the manufacture shall state the result of the thermal mechanical
performance test, carried out in accordance with the requirements of
IEC 575, on a representative sample of the insulators offered. The
value of Qs shall be not less than the value of the acceptance
constant K, as specified in appendix A6 of IEC 575;
 Mechanical load test (polymeric insulators only);
S14-33
AMG/TANZANIA/
 Mechanical load-time test (polymeric insulators only);

 Torsion strength test (polymeric insulators only);
 Water immersion test (polymeric insulators only);
 Water diffusion test (polymeric insulators only);
 Dye penetration test (polymeric insulators only);
 Test of housing tracking and erosion (polymeric insulators only);
 Ageing test (polymeric insulators only);
 Slippage test (polymeric insulators only);
 Flammability test (polymeric insulators only);
 Radio interference:
the manufacturer shall state the result of the radio interference
voltage test carried out in accordance with IEC 437 at a voltage of
15kV, 50Hz for pin insulators and 7.5kV, 50Hz for strain insulators.
The maximum radio interference voltage measured at 1MHz will be
100V and 50V respectively; and
 Power arc test.

Where relevant, these tests shall be carried out in accordance with
IEC 383 and, where applicable, the following clauses shall apply:
 Clause 13: characteristics of artificial rain;
 Clause 14: atmospheric conditions;
 Clause 15: correction factors for atmospheric conditions;
 Clause 18.2: mounting arrangement representing service conditions:
for shackle insulators, this requires that the insulator shall be
mounted between and in contact with two metallic straps 38mm
wide and of any suitable thickness. A rod of approximately 15mm
diameter shall pass through the axial hole of the insulator and
through one end of each of the straps. The straps shall extend in one
direction from the rod and remain parallel to each other for a
distance from the insulator not less than the height of the insulator.
The remote ends of the straps shall be grounded.
The live electrode shall consist of one turn of conductor placed

around the wire groove and bound or clamped back on itself.
The overall diameter of the conductor shall be 19mm.
This conductor shall be carried away from the insulator parallel to,
and in an opposite direction to, the supporting straps.
S14-34
AMG/TANZANIA/
The wet 50 Hz. withstand test shall be carried out with the axis of
the insulator both in a vertical and in a horizontal position.
In the case of stay insulators, the insulator shall be installed in the
TANESCO's staywire and preformed fittings. The unit shall be
mounted with its major axis at 45 to the vertical and sag in the set
up shall be eliminated by the application of mechanical tension. The
lower section of the staywire shall be earthed.
The wet flashover test shall be carried out with each of the insulator
grooves in turn, that supporting the upper section of the staywire
and that supporting the lower section of the staywire, facing into the
rain.
No objects other than parts of the test assembly shall be nearer the
test specimen or energized electrodes than 300mm.
The wet flashover voltage shall also be recorded, for information

only;
 Clause 19: time intervals between consecutive applications of

voltage; and
 Clause 22: wet power frequency test.
16.3 Sample Tests
These tests are made for the purpose of verifying the characteristics of an
insulator and the quality of the materials used. They are carried out on
insulators taken at random from batches offered for acceptance.
The tests shall be conducted according to the sampling procedure of IEC

383, clause 23. The minimum quantity for sample tests shall be 5 units.
Failure of one insulator shall warrant re-testing according to clause 33 of
IEC 383. Failure of two or more insulators on retest shall result in the
rejection of the batch.
The following tests shall be conducted:
 Verification of dimensions;
 50Hz puncture test;
 Thermal shock (glass insulators only);
 Temperature cycle (glass insulators only);
 Mechanical failing load (glass insulators only):
S14-35
AMG/TANZANIA/
 Mechanical load shall be applied to the insulator in the plane of the

external wire groove.
Mechanical load shall be increased rapidly to 75% of rated
mechanical failing load and then steadily increased at such a rate as
to cause failure in between 15 seconds and 45 seconds.
For the shackle insulators, the minimum rated mechanical failing

load shall be 1,500 kg.
The insulator shall be deemed to have passed the test if the rated
mechanical failing load is reached without mechanical failure.
The load at which failure occurs shall be recorded for information

only;
 Electromechanical failing load (porcelain insulators only):
In the case of stay insulators, mechanical load shall be applied

under conditions reproducing service conditions, as closely as
possible (for instance, mounting the stay insulator on the
TANESCO's staywire, as described already in clause 14.2). The
binding or clamping shall be such that each loop through the
insulator is closed at a distance not greater than 75mm from the
corresponding insulator end.
Mechanical load shall be increased rapidly to 75% of rated

mechanical failing load and then steadily increased at such a rate as
to cause failure between 15 and 45 seconds;
 Verification of the specified mechanical load (polymeric

insulators only);
 Shattering strength (glass insulators only):

A tensile load of half the specified mechanical failing load will be
applied to the insulator. The glass portion shall be broken by
hammer blows and the load increased at 20% of the scheduled
shattering strength load per minute until failure occurs.
Failure shall not occur at a load less than 80% of the minimum
mechanical failing load specified for unbroken insulators.
S14-36
AMG/TANZANIA/
This test shall be applied to one half of the units chosen for the
mechanical failing load test as required by IEC 383;
 Porosity (porcelain insulators only);

 Pinhole gauge:
for pin insulators, the gauge shown in figure 2 of BS 137 part 2,

shall be screwed into the assembled insulator with a torque of
50Nm. The gap between the end A of the gauge and the closed end
of the thimble (as measured by the plunger B) shall not be less than
5mm and not greater than 15mm; and
 Galvanising coating mass (610g/sq m minimum and 1,005g/sq

m preferred).
16.4 Routine Tests
These tests are made for the purpose of eliminating insulators with
manufacturing defects. They shall be made on every insulator offered for
acceptance. The following tests shall be carried out:
 Visual examination;
 Mechanical test:
the tensile load in the mechanical routine test shall be 50% of the
specified electromechanical or mechanical failing load, rather than
40% as required by clause 36 of IEC 383;
 Electrical test; and
 Thermal shock (glass insulators only)
PART 3: INSTALLATION
17. INSTALLATION
TANESCO’s employees shall do the physical work of installing the

insulators and associated hardware unless otherwise stated. General
guidelines for installation work involved is given in specifications S01:
General technical requirements of 33kV, 11kV and LV networks and S02:
General technical requirements of 33/11kV primary substations.
S14-37
AMG/TANZANIA/
In addition, the height of the stay insulator shall be such that no part of the
stay insulator shall be less than 3m above ground level. Furthermore, the
distance along the staywire between the point of contact with the pole
bracket and the top of the stay insulator shall be not less than 1.8m to
provide for the optimum impulse withstand of the line.
In situations where a broken jumper or a broken stay may result in the stay
becoming live, the insulator should be placed below any likely point of
contact with live metal, but not in such a way that the insulator could
encroach in the 3m vertical ground clearance if the staywire were to break
and swing freely.
To minimise logistic problems and stocking charges all LV lines shall use
an 11kV stay insulator.
S14-38

s14 Insulators Revised Tanesco May 2020

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AMG/TANZANIA/

“We light Up Your Life”

TANZANIA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED

P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Telephone: +255-22-2451130/41 or 2451160

4. SYSTEM CONDITIONS................................................................. S14-4

5. INSPECTION, TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE ......... S14-5

6. SPARE PARTS ................................................................................S14-7

7. PACKING AND SHIPPING ...........................................................S14-7

8.1 Submittals required with the Bid .....................................................S14-9

10. PIN INSULATORS........................................................................S14-13

10.1 Performance Characteristics...........................................................S14-13

10.5 Dimensions .....................................................................................S14-15

11. STRAIN INSULATORS................................................................S14-16

11.1 Performance characteristics............................................................S14-16

12. LINE POST INSULATORS – HORIZONTAL STYLE …..… S14-20

12.1 Performance Characteristics...........................................................S14-20

13. LINE POST INSULATORS – VERTICAL STYLE ….....…… S14-23

13.1 Performance Characteristics...........................................................S14-23

14. SHACKLE INSULATORS AND BOBBIN INSULATORS …..S14-26

14.1 Performance characteristics............................................................S14-26

15.1 Performance Characteristics...........................................................S14-28

16. INSULATOR TESTS.....................................................................S14-30

16.1 General ............................................................................................S14-30

17. SCHEDULES .................................................................................S14-36

17.1 Technical Data Schedule: 11kV Pin Insulators.............................S14-36

18. INSTALLATION ...........................................................................S14-60

Figure 1: 11 kV Pin Insulator ………………………………….. S14-61

Figure 2: 33 kV Pin Insulator ………………………………….. S14-62

Figure 3: Porcelain Strain Insulator ……… …………………… S14-63

Figure 4: Polymeric Strain Insulator ……… …………………… S14-64

Figure 5: 11 kV Line Post Insulator - Horizontal Style ………….S14-65

Figure 6: 33 kV Line Post Insulator - Horizontal Style ……….…S14-66

Figure 7: Horizontal Base Mounting Bracket …………….…… S14-67

Figure 8: Horizontal Clamptop Cap …………………………… S14-68

Figure 9: Horizontal Clamptop Clamp …………………………S14-68

Figure 10: 11 kV Line Post Insulator - Vertical Style ………… S14-69

Figure 11: 33 kV Line Post Insulator - Vertical Style …………..S14-70

Figure 12: Shackle Insulator – Double Groove ……………….. S14-71

Figure 13: Bobbin Insulator …………………………………... S14-72

Figure 14: LV/11 kV Stay Insulator ……………………………S14-73

Figure 15: 33 kV Stay Insulator ………………………………. S14-73

Table 1: Pin insulator performance characteristics......................S14-13

Table 2a: Porcelain & Glass Strain insulator performance

Table 2b: Polymeric Strain insulator performance characteristicsS14-17

Table 4: Line Post Insulator Vertical Style Characteristics .….. S14-23

Table 5: Shackle & Bobbin insulator performance

Table 6: Dimensions of Shackle & Bobbin Insulator ………….. S14-27

Table 7: Stay insulator performance characteristics ................…S14-28

Last Page ..........................................................................................S14-7

This specification covers the design, manufacture, testing, supply, delivery

Any departure from the provisions of this specification shall be disclosed

BSI British Standards Institution

 BS 137: Insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead lines

 BS 729: Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and

 BS 3288: Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power lines.

ESI Electricity Supply Industry

European Union Commission

 SI 426: European Communities (dangerous substances) (classification,

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

 IEC 383: Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage

 IEC 437: Radio interference test on high voltage insulators.

 IEC 471: Dimensions of clevis and tongue couplings of string

 IEC 575: Thermal-mechanical performance test and mechanical