Immersion Class-Glossary

Academic Domain: Fundamentals of Human Resource Management

Subject Code: MBAK0003
1) What is HR?
Human Resources refers to the existence of manpower in an organization. They are
called resource since they have work with mutual cooperation towards achievement of
organisational objectives.
2) What is HRM?
Human Resources management refers to the process of managing human resource by way
of recruitment and selection, performance management, training and development and
rewards and recognition.
3) What is HRD?
This refers to training and development of human resource in functional behavioural and
technical domains.HRD incorporates training and development of employees in soft
skills like communication skill, interpersonal skills and also training related to knowledge
skills and attitudes.
4) What is Personnel Management?
Personnel Management refers to planning, organizing, integration and compensation of
employees in an organisational set up. The personnel department executes functions of
recruiting, training, motivating and taking care of welfare and social security of the
employees in an organization.
5) What is Recruitment?
This process refers to the declaration of organisational vacancies in newspapers, social
media, websites and portals, with details regarding academic qualifications sought, work
experience needed and details about place of posting, designation and last date of
application. The process of recruitment ends when the applicants have sent their resumes
via post or email to the official address of the employer and HR department. Recruitment
is positive process.
6) What is Selection?
Selection refers to the shortlisting of the applicants as per the requirement of the
company with respect to job profile. The process of selection entails shortlisting of
 resumes, calling them for interview and also finally offering them offer letters to selected
candidates.
7) What is Induction and orientation?
This refers to the process of welcoming new employees into the organization and
officially making them a part of the organization. Orientation is a more formal process
that occurs after induction and is carried out to help the employees adjust to their position
and the work environment.
8) What Job Analysis?
The process of analysing a job in terms of its tasks duties and responsibilities and
necessary human qualities required to perform the same.
9) What is Job Description?
Job description refers to the process of identifying the key component of a job / role in
terms of tasks, duties, responsibilities and machine handling required to be done by the
employee within official hours. This process gives in detail key job tasks, to be
performed by the employee. It is the process of describing a job in detail.
10) What is Job specification?
Job specification refers to the identification of human qualities and skills and attitudes
required to perform the job tasks for a particular roles / designation and responsibilities.
The human qualities can be behavioural, technical and also Knowledge domain.

11) What is Job Enrichment?

Job enrichment is a method of motivating employees to perform the job duties in more
productive way. This includes adding new dimensions, challenges and tasks to job so that
the existing job becomes more interesting and challenging to the job holder. This will
motivate the job holder to perform well in job and also to participate fully in job related
challenges. It may result in increment and incentives as well. This was given by Frederick
Hertzberg.
12) What is Job enlargement?
Job enlargement means increasing the scope of a job through extending the range of its
job duties and responsibilities generally within the same level and periphery. Job
enlargement involves combining various activities at the same level in the organization
 and adding them to the existing job. It is also called the horizontal expansion of job
activities.
13) What is Job Redesign?
Job Redesign is the approach to revisiting and restructuring jobs to meet the specific
needs of a particular segment of the workforce. The process includes revising, analysing,
altering, reforming and reshuffling the job-related content and dimensions to increase the
variety of assignments and functions to motivate employees and make them feel as an
important asset of the organization. The main objective of conducting job redesigning is
to place the right person at the right job and get the maximum output while increasing
their level of satisfaction.
14) What is HRIS?
A human resources information system (HRIS) is a software solution that maintains,
manages, and processes detailed employee information and human resources-related
policies and procedures.

15) What are HR policies of an Organization?

HR policy are the official document of an organisation or company in which rules and
processes relating to HRD practices are mentioned. A typical HR policy will have
information for employees regarding employment contract, employee wage and salary,
code of conduct, leave policies (SL, CL EL), rules regarding employee provident fund,
Bonus and Gratuity, rules regarding termination of employment, paternity and maternity
leave, rules regarding promotion and transfers, rules regarding medical facilities offered
to different grades of employees etc. In nutshell HR policies are service rules (as known
in public sector) which are for betterment of employees working in that organization.
16) Who is a Management Trainee (MTs)?
A management trainee works under the supervision of managers and executives in
organizations. Their goal is to acquire all essential knowledge to become future
managers, often in particular fields, such as marketing, sales, or operations. "MTs,"
are often hired to work and train alongside managers and executives with the intention
that one day they will become a manager within the organization. This often includes
completing training within the company's various departments, giving trainees a
 comprehensive view of the many facets of the organization, as well as the positions,
relationships and departments that allow it to be successful.

17) What are Wages?

Wage is a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on
an hourly, daily, or piecework basis. A wage is payment made by an employer to an employee
for work done in a specific period of time. Some examples of wage payments
include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, subsistence wage, Fair
wage and remunerative payments. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a
business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.

18) What is Salary?

Salary is a fixed amount of money or compensation paid to an employee by an employer

in return for work performed. Salary is commonly paid in fixed intervals, for example,
monthly payments of one-twelfth of the annual salary.
Salary is typically determined by comparing market pay rates for people performing
similar work in similar industries in the same region. Salary is also determined by
leveling the pay rates and salary ranges established by an individual employer. Salary is
also affected by the number of people available to perform the specific job in the
employer's employment. From the point of view of running a business, salary can also be
viewed as the cost of acquiring and retaining human resources for running operations,
and is then termed personnel expense or salary expense. In accounting, salaries are
recorded in payroll accounts.
19) What is Termination of Employment Contract?
Termination of employment refers to the end of an employee's work with a company.
Termination may be voluntary, as when a worker leaves of their own accord. Involuntary
termination occurs when a company downsizes, makes layoffs, or fires an employee.
 When ending an employee's service to you, send them a termination of employment
contract letter. This will communicate the reasons, notice period and other relevant terms.
If an employee decides to leave the company, they should give a termination letter to
employer. After the termination, an employer have to clear all dues (Full and Final
settlement) of the respective employee.
20) What is the difference between salary and wage?
Salary is for skilled labour whereas wage is for unskilled labour .Salary is paid on weekly
and monthly basis mostly. But wages are paid for piece rate , hourly basis and also daily
basis.
21) What is Lay off as per industrial disputes act 1947?
Lay off refers to Termporary or permanent termination of work contract or termination of
employment of workers by their employer because of reasons relating to the business.
Lay off donot occur because of employees fault. A company may suspend or layoff just
one worker or a group of workers at the same time.lay off happen because of enterprise
sales have declined ,it has gone bankrupt or unable to obtain a crucial component or raw
materials for the production of goods.

22) What is Performance Appraisal ?

Performance appraisal is the process of measuring the actual done performance with
certain standard performance with the goal of highlighting the gap which can be referred
for further training of the concern employee. Appraisals are done yearly , six months and
even quarterly. Appraisals measure the key result areas ( KRA) of the employee and rate
them in scale of 1 to 10. Appraisals can be done through various methods .

23) What is MBO ?

MBO stands for management by objective. This concept has been given by Peter Drucker
in his book the practice of management in 1954. .MBO is a process whereby
organisational goals broken down to departmental goals which further are cascaded down
to individual goals in terms of KRA ( key result areas) and key performance indicators
(KPIs).MBO process .

24) What is HRD Audit?

 The concept of HRD Audit is given by T V. Rao. HRD Audit provides a framework and
methodology that enables corporations to conduct an internal audit of their human
resource function. HRD Audit means the methodical authentication of HR processes
through interview method, questionnaire method ,observation method ,workshop method
and task force method.HRD audit plays pivotal role in an organization. An organization
can measure where it currently stands and determine what is has to accomplish to
improve its human resource functions.

25) What is OCTAPACE culture in HRD Audit ?

OCTAPACE culture refers to eight values usually examined to develop the profile of an
organisational culture . They are Openness, confrontation, trust ,authenticity, proactive.
Autonomy ,collaboration and experimenting

26) What is HRP?

Human Resource Planning is a process that identifies current and future human resource
needs of an organization to achieve its goals. Human resource planning ensures best fit
between employees and jobs while avoiding manpower shortages or surpluses. It ideals
with various forecasting techniques of prospective demand and supply of manpower in
any organization. Following steps are important for effective HRP process

a) Analysis of organization’s plans and objectives

b) Preparing a human resource inventory
c) Assessing future demand and supply
d) Matching job profiles and person profile or matching demand and
supply
e) Establishing an action plans .

27) What is managerial judgement ?

This is a technique of HRP which includes bottom up approach and top down approach .
In bottom up approach line managers communicate human resource requirements to top
management whereas in top up approach the top management decides the demand
forecasting of manpower in an organization.
28) What is blue collar job?

A blue collar worker is a working class person who performs manual labor .this involves
skilled and unskilled labor who are employed in manufacturing,mining,warehousing,
excavation, electricity generation etc.

29) What is white collar job or white collar workers ?

A white collar worker is a person who performs professional ,desk ,managerial or

administrative work white collar jobs may be performed in an office or other
administrative settings like government jobs, consulting , academia ,accountancy jobs
business executive , engineering, doctors information technology etc.white collar workers
are considered to be highly educated as compared to blue collar workers . The
educational qualification of white collar workers are more than the blue collar workers.

30)Define PINK SLIP?

Pink slip refers to a notice given to an employee or worker for dismissal ,or termination
from current employment .

31) What is lead time in recruitment and selection ?

Lead time refers to the period from the time vacancy gets created in an organization till it
is filled by hiring the new employee in the organization.

32) Define competency ?

Competency is the capability to apply or use the set of related knowledge skills and
attitude ad abilities required to successfully perform the job tasks and duties as defined in
work setting. It is the demonstration of behavioural ,technical and functional aspects of
job by the job holder in the working hours .

33) Define Competency Mapping ?

Competency mapping identifies an individual’s strength and weaknesses .The aim is to
enable the person to better understand himself and herself and to point out where career
development efforts need to be directed .

34) what is talent management?

Talent management is the attraction, selection and retention of employees which involves
combination of HR processes across the employee life cycle. It encompasses workforce
planning, employee engagement,learning and development ,performance management
etc.

35) What is performance management ?

Performance management aims to monitor, maintain and improve employee performance

in line with an organization s objectives .it is a series of activities that is conducted within
the department and between the employees of concern department.PM ensures that
organizational goals are achieved by way of communicating the goals to every member
of the organization.

36) What is collective bargaining?

Collective bargaining is the process in which working people, through their unions
negotiate contracts with their employers to determine their terms of employment
including pay , benefits , hours, leaves ,job health and other canteen facility.

37) what are intra mural activities in an organization?

Intramural activities are those activities or facilities which occur within the walls of an
organization examples are canteen facility, rest room, dispensary, crèche facility etc. .

38) What are extra mural activities in an organization?

Extra mural activities refer to those which occur outside the premise of an organization
like any sports activity, sales promotion in different cities, and building of roads, parks
done by the organization and other corporate social responsibility CSR being conducted
by organization.

39)What is Payroll management?

This is a software that is used to manage employee’s financial records in simple and
automated manner. The payroll manages employee’s salary details like deductions PF
deductions, bonus, gratuity amount LTC, HRA and city compensatory allowances.
Payroll work also entails generation of payroll slips for the employees with their
employee I’d.

40) What is training?

Training refers to providing knowledge skills and attitude about any job related task and
duties to the employees after conducting his training need analysis. Training are of many
types i.e. on the job training and of the job training. On the job training refers to training
given while reporting in premises of the company and of the job training refers to
providing training at some training lab or centre away from the main campus of the
organization.

41) What is Development?

Development is long term process. Development refers to developing the ability of an

employee for future openings and promotion in the organization. Development work
caters to long term needs of the employee. development is concerned with growth of
employees in all aspects.it is the process by which managers or executives acquire skills
and competencies in their present job and also capabilities for future jobs. The purpose of
development is imparting advanced knowledge and competencies among the employees.

42) What is difference between training and education?

Training refers to an act of inculcating specific skills in a person. Education is all about
gaining theoretical knowledge in the classroom or any institute. Training is way to
develop specific skills, whereas education is a typical system of learning.

43) What is potential appraisal?

Potential appraisal is a part of performance appraisal that helps to identify the hidden
talents and potential of the individual. Identifying these potential talents helps in
preparing the individual for higher responsibilities and positions in future.

44) what is balanced score card BSC?

Balance score card has been given by David Norton and Robert Kaplan in 1992. The four
process of balance score card are Financial, Customer, Internal process and Learning and
Growth .it is strategic performance measurement model whose mission is to translate
organizations mission and vision into actual ( operational ) and strategic actions .BSC
helps companies to identify and improve their internal operations to help their external
outcomes. It measures past performance data and provides organizations with feedback
on how to make better decisions in future.

45) What do you mean by Attrition rate?

An attrition rate is a metric used to measure how many employees have left the
organization over a specific time period and who are not replaced. The rate is shown in
percentage compared to the total workforce . HR professional use this tool to determine
the number of vacant or eliminated position.

46) What is career development?

Career development is a process of managing life, learning and work over the lifespan.it
refers to the process an individual undergoes to evolve their occupational status by
making decisions for long term learning.

47) What is induction and orientation?

Induction is the process of welcoming new employees in an organization and officially

making them a part. Orientation is a more formal process that occurs after induction and
is carried out to help the employees adjust to their position and the work environment.
Induction is short term process and ends on the day of joining. Orientation is long term
process and generally goes to familiarize employee with company policy and guidelines .

48) What is Promotion ?

Promotion is vertical movement of employee in an organization.it is upward movement

of employee from one job to another higher one with increase in salary , status and
responsibilities.

49) What are soft skills training?

Soft skills training refers to training that focuses on developing skills such as
communication, teamwork and problem solving .other soft skills in include emotional
intelligence ,positive attitude and taking the intiative for personality improvement and
social etiquette .these skills play important role in work place and social skills .

50) What is employee engagement ?

Employee engagement is a human concept that describes the level of enthusiasm and
dedication a worker feels towards their job. Engaged employee care about their work and
about the performance of the company and feel that their efforts make a difference.
Engaged employees are likely to be more productive and happy in day to day handling of
job responsibilities.