Education Timeline

Kaitlynn Allen
Edu 202
3/5/2022
Education Timeline
1600’s
Informal family education, apprenticeships, dame schools, tutors (Pg.142)
-1592 Comenius (1592-1670), profiled for his pioneering work in identifying
developmental stages of learning and his support of universal education. (pg.164)
-1600’s Dame Schools were private schools taught by women in their homes offered
child care for working parents willing to pay a fee. (pg.142)
-1600’s local Schools were started in towns and later expanded to include larger districts,
these schools were open to those who could afford to pay. (pg.142)
-1600’s Latin Grammer Schools were schools that prepared wealthy men for college and
emphasized a classical curriculum, including Latin and some Greek. (pg.142)
-1619 Quakers in rare cases created special schools for children of color. (pg.134)
-1630 Hornbook, the most common teaching device in the colonial schools, consisted of
an alphabet sheet covered by a thin, transparent sheet made from a cow’s horn. (pg.136)
-1635 The Puritans established their first Latin Grammer school in Boston, (pg. 134)
-1642 The commonwealth of Massachusetts passed a law requiring that parents and
masters of apprentices be checked periodically to ensure that children were being taught
properly. (pg.133)
-1647, Massachusetts passed The Massachusetts Law of 1647, (Old Deluder Satan Law)
required every town of fifty households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and
writing, and that every town of one hundred households must provide a (Latin) grammar
school to prepare youths for the university, under a penalty of $5 for future to do so.
(pg.133)
-1680, a law similar to The Massachusetts Law of 1647 spread throughout most of New
England.
-1690 The New England primer, was the first real textbook, it was a tiny 2by 4-inch book
containing 50-100 pages of alphabet, words, and small verses accompanied by woodcut
illustrations. (used until 1800) (pg.136)
The Colonial experience established many of today’s educational norms: local control of
schools, compulsory education, Tax supported schools, state standards for teaching, and schools.
(pg. 134)
1700’s
Development of national interest in education, state responsibility for education, growth in
secondary education. (Pg. 149)
-In the 1700s Private teachers and night schools were functioning in Philadelphia and
New York, teaching accounting, navigation, French, and Spanish. (pg.134)

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-1700’s English Grammar Schools were private schools that moved away from the
classical Latin tradition to more practical studies. (pg.142)
-1700s The Academies were a combination of Latin and English Grammer Schools.
-1700 Itinerant Schools and Tutors have substituted schools in rural America that could
not support schools and full-time teachers. (pg.142)
1700’s Private Schools consisted of a truly free market, as parents paid for the kind of
private school they desired. (pg.142)
-1700s Schools were viewed as an extension of the religious state designed to teach the
young to read and understand the Bible. (pg.135)
-1700 Thomas Jefferson maintained that education should be more widely available to
white children from all economic and social classes. (pg.135)
-1712 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) profiled for his work in distinguishing
schooling from education and for his concern with the stages of development. (pg.164)
-1746 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) profiled for his recognition of the special
needs of the disadvantaged and his work in curricular development. (pg.163)
-1749 Benjamin Franklin penned Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania.
(suggesting a new kind of secondary school to replace the Latin grammar school-the
academy). (pg.135)
-1751 The Franklin Academy was established. (pg.135)
-1758 Noah Webster’s American Spelling Book replaced the New England PRimer as the
most common elementary textbook. (pg.136)
-1776 Johann Herbert (1776-1841) profiled for his contributions to moral development in
education and for his creation of a structured methodology of instruction. (pg.163)
-1785 Land Ordinance Act of 1785 was passed, requiring townships in the newly settled
territories bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the Great Lakes to reserve a
section of land for educational purposes. (pg.145)
-1787 Emma Hart Willard (1787-1870) profiled for opening the door of higher education
to women and for promoting professional teacher preparation. (pg.163)
-1782 Friedrich Frobel (1782-1852) For establishing the kindergarten as an integral part
of a child’s education. (pg.158)
-1878 the northwest Ordinance of 1787 was passed, requiring townships in the newly
settled territories bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the Great Lakes to
reserve a section of land for educational purposes. (pg.145)
-1796 Horace Man (1796-1859) Profiled for establishing free public schools and
expanding the opportunities of poor as well as wealthy Americans, and his vision of the
central role of education in improving the quality of American life. (pg.163)

1800’s

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The increasing role of public secondary schools, increased but segregated education for women
and minorities, attention to the field of education and teacher preparation. (Pg. 149)
-1800s High Schools were secondary schools that differed from their predecessors
because they were free and were governed by the public. (pg.142)
-1800s Female seminaries, apple to families financially able to educate their daughters
beyond elementary school. Emma Hart Willard opened the Troy Female Seminary,
devoted to preparing professional teachers before such an idea was commonplace.
(pg.156)
-1803 Prudence Crandall (1803-1889) For her integrity and bravery in bringing education
to African American girls. (pg.158)
-1821 The English Classical School was established as an all-boy school enrolling 176
students. (pg.140)
-1822 Sequoyah invented a Cherokee syllabary, permitting the Cherokee language to be
written. (pg.138)
-1824 The federal government established the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and began
placing whole tribes of Native Peoples on reservations. (pg.138)
-1828 Andrew Jackson won the presidential election, bringing attention to the demands
for educational access.
-1830 Indian boarding schools were established to assimilate young Native Americans
into the dominant European American values. (pg.138)
-1830 Common Schools were intended to bring greater fairness in education it was free
and was open to all social classes. (pg.142)
-1836 NcGuffy Readers was written by William Holmes McGuffey, a minister, professor,
and college president who believed that clean living, hard work, and literacy were virtues
to instill in children. (pg.136)
-1837 Horace Mann became the secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education,
Mann began an effort to reform education, believing that public education should serve
both practical and idealistic goals. (pg.136)
-1846 The end of the United States war with Mexico resulted in many Mexicans gaining
full citizenship, education however was not easily achievable. (pg.150)
-1850 Teaching was a gendered career geared towards men. (pg.138)
-1850’s Quakers such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, Myrtilla Miner established the Miner
Normal School for Colored Girls in the nation's capital, providing new educational
opportunities for African American women. (pg.156)
-1850 Horace Mann and allies such as Henry Barnard's assistant is the founding of
several normal schools in Massachusetts, these schools are devoted to preparing teachers
in pedagogy, learning the most effective teaching norms and behaviors. (pg.137)
-1852 Boston was able to establish a similar institution as the English Classical School
but for all girls. (pg.140)

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-1856 Brooker T. Washington (1856-1956 profiled for his contributions to the vocational
education of Black Americans for establishing Tuskegee University. (pg.163)
-1850 The nation moved from agrarian to industrial, from mostly rural to urban, and
people viewed the elementary school as inadequate to meet the needs of a more
sophisticated and industrialized society. (pg.141)
-1850 Chinese who immigrated to the west coast. (pg.152)
-1859 John Dewey (1859-1952), profiled for his work in developing progressive
education, for incorporating his democratic practices in the educational process. (pg.163)
-1861 The radical notion of the public elementary school had become widespread and
widely accepted. Educational historian Lawrence Cremin summarized the advancement
of the common school movement in this book The Transformation of the School.
(pg.137)
-1862 Morril Land Grant College Acts )1862 and 1890). These acts established sixty-nine
institutions of higher education in the various states, some of which are among today's
great state universities. (pg.164)
-1868 W.E.B DuBois (1868-1963), profiled for cofounding the National Association for
the advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and for his efforts to encourage Black
Americans to pursue higher education. (pg.163)
-1868 Treaty with the Navajo included the provision that their children must attend
school. (min9:22)
-1870 Maria Montessori (1870-1952) For her work is identified the education potential of
young children and crafted an environment in which the young could learn. (pg.159)
-1873 In Sex in Education, Dr. Edward Clarke, a member of Harvard’s medical faculty,
argued that women attending high school and college were at risk because it would hurt
their fertility. (pg.156)
-1874 Kalamazoo, Michigan, case, the courts ruled that taxes could be used to support
secondary schools. (pg.141)
-1875 Franic Parker, superintendent of schools in Quincy, Massachusetts introduced
progressive principles to his teachers. (pg.144)
-1875 Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) for her contributions in moving people from
intellectual slavery to education. (pg.160)
-1880 Both private and public universities were established, (pg.140)
-1880 106,000 Chinese had immigrated to the united states, fueling a vicious reaction:
”The Chinese must go.”(pg.152)
-1882 The Immigration Act of 1882 along with a series of similar bills, further Chinese
immigration was blocked. (pg.152)
-1884 Haskell Univesity was founded in 1884 as the United States Indian industrial
training school. (min13:28)
-1887 Dawes Act reinforced the reservation system and encouraging assimilation.
(min9:42)

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-1892, the National Education Association (NEA) established the Committee of Ten to
develop a national policy for high schools. (pg.143)
-1892 Richard Henry Pratt wore “a great general has said that the only good Indian is a
dead one, in which I only agree with the settlement in this but all the Indian there is in the
race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him, and save the man. (min12:27)
-1895 The faculty of the University of Virginia concluded that “women were often
physically unsexed by the strains of study.”
-1896 Jean Piaget (1896-1980), profiled for his creation of a theory of cognitive
development. (pg.163)
-1896 Plessy V. Ferguson supreme court decision, segregation became legally sanctioned,
developing the doctrine of separate but equal. (pg.147)
-1892 Sherman started out as the Paris Indian School in 1982 in Paris California.
(min14:26)

1900’s
Increasing federal support for educational rights of underachieving students; increased federal
funding of specific education programs. (Pg. 149)
-In the 1900s women constituted upward of 90 percent of teachers, but school districts
preferred unmarried women-spinsters. (pg. 139)
-1900s featured the constant debate of progressive education vs a more rigorous, science
and math-focused curriculum that took place over the course of the century, wars across
the world caused a more focused curriculum. (pg.144)
-1901 Sherman Indian school was moved to Riverside. (min14:29)
-1902 There were 25 federally funded nonreservation Native American schools by
(min17:07)
-1904 Burrhus Federick (B.F) Skinner (1902-1990) profiled for his contributions in
altering environments to promote learning. (pg.163)
-1907, Mississippi was spending $5.02 for the education of each white child, but only
$1.10 for each black child. (pg.147)
-1908 Sylvia Ashton-Warner (1908-1984) For her creative approaches placing children at
the center of the curriculum. (pg.160)
-1909 Junior High Schools and Middle Schools were designed to meet the unique needs
of preadolescents and to prepare them for high school. (pg.142)
-1909 The first junior high school was established in Columbus, Ohio, included grades 7,
8, 9, and was designed to meet the unique needs of preadolescents. (pg.142)
-1914 Kenneth Clark (1914-2005) For his work in identifying the crippling effects of
racism on all American children and in formulating community action to overcome the
educational psychological, and economic impacts of racism. (pg.160)
-1915 Rosenwald funded schools throughout the South educated over one-third of all
Black children living in the South. (pg.154)

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-1917 Smith-Hughes Act, provided funds for teacher training and program development
in vocational education at the high school level. (pg.164)
1917 Puerto Ricans became American citizens.
-1918 the NEA committee members dedicated focus not on the transition to college but
on preparing adults for their life roles. Creating the report, Cardinal Principles of
Secondary Education. (pg.143)
-1920 a pattern of separate and unequal Mexican American schools had emerged through
the Southwest. (pg.150)
-1920 Psychologist G. Stanley Hall wrote an article titled “Certain Degenerative
Tendencies among Teachers,” explaining why unmarried women were frustrated, bitter,
and otherwise unpleasant. (pg.140)
-1921 Paulo Freire (1921-1997) For his global effort to mobilize education in the cause of
social justice. (pg.160)
-1924, the state paid more than $1 million to transport whites long distances, but nothing
on Black children transportation This was de jure segregation, occurring as a result of the
segregated residential patterns. (pg.147)
-1925 The National Education Association reacted by campaigning for school districts to
drop their ban against hiring married women. (pg.140)
-1928 The Marriam report documented abuses and made recommendations to correct
them (min18:26)
-1930’s The Great Depression caused the idea of hiring wives and creating two-income
families was anathema. (pg.140)
-1930’s During the Great Depression the federal government became even more directly
involved with education, constructing schools, providing free lunches for poor children,
instituting part-time work programs for high school and college students, and offering
educational programs to older Americans. (pg.145)
-1942, February 19th, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order No. 9006,
which declared the West Coast a “military area” and established federal relocation camps.
(pg.153)
-1942, on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 with the
stated intention of preventing espionage on American shores. (para.2)
-1944 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (G.I Bill of Rights), paid veterans tuition and
living expenses for a specific number of months, depending on the length of their military
service. (pg.164)
-1950’s the Cold War and the accompanying McCarthy anti-Communist scare of the
1950s declared war on liberal ideas and unconventional choices: Homosexuality was seen
as a threat to America. During this time the number of married teachers doubled. (pg.140)
-1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Supreme Court ruled unanimously that
“in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal has no place. Separate

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educational facilities are inherently unequal, a decision that causes governments to urge
schools to desegregate “with all deliberate speed.” (pg.148.)
-1958 Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) to enhance “the
security of the nation” (pg.144)
-1958 National Defense Education Act, in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik,
the NDEA provided substantial funds for a variety of educational activities. (pg.164)
-1960s Kerner Commission warns “Our nation is moving towards two societies, one
Black, and one white– separate but equal.” (pg.149)
-1964 Project Head Start (1964-1965) act provides medical, social, nutritional, and
educational services for low-income children 3 to 6 years of age. (pg.164)
-1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act was a law that provided financial
assistance to school districts with low-income families, to improve libraries and
instructional materials. (pg.164)
-1968 Bilingual Education Act was in response to the news of the significant number of
non-English-speaking students, congress authorized funds to provide relevant instruction
to these students. (pg.164)
-1968 The Indian Civil Rights Act Passed (34:23)
-1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments was a regulation that prohibits
discrimination on the basis of sex.(pg.164)
-1964, President Lydon B. Johnson and Congress moved to eradicate racial segregation,
the Civil Rights Act gave the federal government power to help local school districts to
desegregate. (pg.148)
-1965 Haskell Univesity's last high school class graduated. (min13:42)
-1967, Cesar Chavez led the fight of migrant Mexican American laborers to organize
themselves into a union and to demand a more responsive education that included
culture-free IQ tests, instruction in Spanish, smaller classes, and greater cultural
representation in the curriculum. (pg.151)
-1970s American public became aware of the discontent of Native Americans because of
the hundreds of years of American policies of genocide. (min34:45)
-1975 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975, 1991, 1997, 2004) provides
financial assistance to local school districts to provide a free and appropriate education
for the nation's children with disabilities who are between 3 and 21 years of age. (pg.164)
-1980, 800,000 Cubans were living in the United States. (pg.151)
-1975 The Indian Self-Determination and Education Act was passed by Congress giving
tribal communities greater control over their own affairs. (min35:25)
-1980 there were much more Black and poor, less affluent, and less educated Cubans,
who have not been accepted as readily into communities in the United States. (pg.151)
-1983 National Commission on Excellence in Education reported a Nation at Risk: The
Imperative for Education Reform. (pg.143)

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-1991 Charter Schools are tax-supported elementary and secondary schools that are free
from some of the rules and regulations that apply to other public schools. (pg.142)
-1996 University of Michigan firm racial set-asides for college and law school
admissions were eliminated. (pg.149)

2000’s
Increasing focus on standards, testing, and accountability
-2001 No Child Left behind Act, this act revises the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act (ESEA, 1965) and calls for standards and annual testing of math, reading,
and science. (pg.164)
-2015 Every Student Succeeds act continues the federal government’s commitment to
educational funding. (pg.164)

WORKS CITED

Coyote, Peter: Indigenous Americans (2019, January 8), Native American Boarding
Schools, YOUTUBE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yo1bYj-R7F0
Sadker, D. M., Zittleman, K., & Koch, M. (2021). Loose Leaf for Teachers, Schools, and
Society: A Brief Introduction to Education (6th ed.). McGraw Hill.
History.com Editors. (2021, December 22). Japanese Internment Camps. HISTORY.
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation#section_8