PRACTICE TEST 6-3

Write an essay on the following topic:

Some people think that it is important to use leisure time for activities that improve the mind,
such as reading and doing word puzzles. Other people feel that it is important to rest the mind
during leisure time. What’syour opinion?

I. VOCABULARY, PREPOSITIONS & STRUCTURES

6. The nature reserve is home to_____200 species of animals.
A. an estimated B. estimated C. been estimated D. the estimate
7. Basic stretches are a routine______to your normal exercise plan.
A. which they need adding B. that you need to add them
C. you need to add D. can be added
8. ____told that there was no school, he woke up early.
A. Has not been B. He has not been C. Not having been D. His not being
9. The ferry_____from the island when it capsized 200 yards from the port.
A. had pasengers broght back B.was bringing passengers back
C. brought back pasengers D.had brought passengers back
10. The sunflower’s name is believed to the connection of the plant to the sun.
A. be originated in B. have originated from C. originate in D. be originated
from
11. What_____to discover that there was no running water in the isolated village!
A. shock it was B. was it a shock C. it was a shock D. a shock it was

12. Mike is keen on playing the guitar,_____no one else in his class is.
A. who B. that C. for which D. which

Page 1 of 6
14. I’m sorry that I have to leave so early, but_______because I have to pick up my son from school.
A. it can’t help B. it couldn’t help C. can’t it be helped
15. The archeologist was the first person______about the missing artifacts.
A. informing us B. to inform us C. informs us D. who informs
16. Don is on a diet. He’s ____from eating fried foods.
A. boycotting B. refraining C. ignoring D. withholding
17. Fred suffers from____ headaches that leave him unable to work.
A. splitting B. breaking C. beating D. cracking
18. Larry covered his mouth as he didn’t want to smoke from the burning building.
A. absorb B. exhale C. draw D. inhale
19. The two roommates could not live together. They were not______.
A. compatible B. matching C. comparable D. related
20. Stuntmen perform remarkable______of strength in their work.
A. wins B. feats C. victories D. defeats
21. Helen says that she doesn’t______any resentment over the accident.
A. harbour B. conceal C. believe D. include
22. You can help out by______the cheese while I wash the vegetables.
A. peeling B. chopping C. grating D. straining
23. Jason tried to______his wife, but she knew he was being insincere.
A. appeal B. cheer C. flatter D. admire
24. My birthday______with my friend’s birthday, so we’re having a party together.
A. falls B. coincides C. matches D. arranges
25. I’m afraid I can’t make the party. I have a very tight______.
A. calendar B. strategy C. agenda D. schedule
26. Their nearest neighbours are miles away; they live in a______spot.
A. rural B. suburban C. regional D. provincial
27. What a______they can’t come.
A. humiliation B. shame C. disgrace D. mortification
28.I was following but lost her when she with the crowds.
A. mingled B. mixed C. joined D. intertwined

Page 2 of 6
29. The bus was full that it started_____up the hill.
A. agitation B. shivering C. quaking D. shuddering

30.Holland has increased its total area through extensive land......

A. recuperation B. reclamation C. regeneration D. recapture

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the indicate the sentence that best completes
each of the following exchanges.

31: Two students are talking to each other in the class.

- “Do you mind if I take a seat?” – “ .”
A. No I mind B. No, do as you please C. Yes, do as you please D. Yes, I don’t mind
32: Jenny and Mark are talking to the living standard
Jenny : “I think higher living standard is one of the reason that many people want to be a city dweller.”
Mark: “ ”
A. Why not? B. I couldn’t agree more.
C. It’s nice of you to say so. D. That’s quite all right.
Mark the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
questions.
33: Embracing new technologies will help the country to develop more quickly.
A. rejecting B. obscuring C. disobeying D. contradicting
34: The hotel was incredible with breathtaking view and excellent cuisine.
A. unimpressive B. unspoilt C. unadorned D. untouched

Mark the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
questions
35: He may be shy now, but he’ll soon come out of his shell when he meets the right girl.
A. hole B. become confident C. shed D. become shy
36: The only cure for alcoholism is complete abstinence from alcohol.
A. sickness B. pretension C. avoidance D. absence

II. GUIDED CLOZE TEST

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word for each of the blanks from 1 to 10.
In ancient times there was no such thing as money. When people wanted (1)_______, they simply
bartered for it. Bartering is the (2) of goods or services without the use of money. For example, if a man had
com and he wanted rice, he would barter lais com for rice. So everyone was happy (3) there was a crisis,
such as a failure of the rice (4)____________________________.
Money as we know it today also has a risk of crisis. To understand how this may occur, we have to go
back to the basics of finance. Money is created when a loan is (5)______________out of a bank. This
results in a debt, which is essentially a promise to pay the money back at (6)________time in the future.
When loans cannot be paid back, the system falls apart, (7)______to a debt crisis.
Basically, global financial crises (8)______from the inability of countries to pay back their debts.
The catastrophic risk is that the country in debt will default on its loan (9)________, which means it can
no longer pay back its debts, (10)______chaos in the world’s financial markets.
1. A. money B. goods C. it D. something
2. A. replacement B. trading C. ownership D. giving
3. A. otherwise B. unless C. but D. although
4. A. produce B. season C. crop D. growth
5. A. taken B. checked C. handed D. brought
6. A. one B. certain C. the D. some
7. A. resulting B.reaching C. leading D. causing
8. A. derive B. cause C. distinguish D. raise
9. A. expenses B. payments C. subscriptions D. costs
10. A. causing B. setting C. developing D. making
III. WORDFORMS
Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word thatfits in the space.
The Shetland Islands
1. The group of islands (0) known as Shetland which lie off the northern tip of Scotland comes as a culture
shock. The main island has a (00) population of just 17,000. The main town and capital, Lerwick can be
explored in minutes, and the liveliest (1 ENTERTAIN)..................is a night of fiddle-playing in a back-street
pub. Yet no one sits around twiddling their thumbs. In these harsh, (2 HOSPITALITY)...................
islands, there is a culture of self-reliance and (3 INITIATE)................. They need it. Thenearest mainland
town is Bergen, Norway, and the islands are on the same latitude as Greenland. The elements are (4
RELENT)........................... , making life here invigorating, if not downright hard. The (5
RESILIENCE)..................... qualities of the Shetlanders could be no better represented than in Ross Gazey,
a 29-year-old (6 RESIDE)......................... of Unst, the most northerly community in Britain and home to
500 inhabitants. This small community has recently created the first and only (7 OPERATE)......................
community-owned renewable hydrogen energy system in the world, which Gazey conceived and
designed with a small group of local engineers. In short, they are pioneers in groundbreaking hydrogen
technology, the fuel that many energy experts predict will dominate the post-oil world. It is difficult to (8
EMPHASIS)...................... how important this work is for the future of energy production. As the
International Energy Agency put it, 'The (9 SUCCEED)................... integration of wind and hydrogen
technology into a (10 WORK)..................... system is something that many large energy businesses are still
struggling to make a reality, yet the community of Unst have already done it.' (Adapted from The Daily
Telegraph online)

IV. OPEN CLOZE TEST

Complete the passage below by writing ONE word in each gap.
Every female child bom on this earth within recorded history has had to absorb one fact: she is a
member of that half of the human (1)____________considered inferior to the (2)___________half. From
the moment of her (3)___she is marked off from her brother and receives the stamp of substandard. (4) the
circumstances of her arrival into this world, a long shadow falls across her,
the shadow of the second sex. However (5)______________she struggles, however she succeeds, that
shadow must touch some part of her and deform. Men, (6)_____________, are distorted by virtue of the
role set for their sex, (7)__________because they belong to the dominant sex they have more room for
manoeuvre, more ways in (8)__________to push their own individuality through the restrictions of that
role. Whatever their handicaps, efforts to break out of the mould are considered at least respectable, if (9)
_________________necessarily rewarded. Women, on the other hand, are historically penalised (10)
the same efforts and their rewards come only from remaining (and (11)____________looking) as much
(12)_____________the stereotype as possible. In a very general way, the female sex has been forced
away (13)____________the main pull of evolution-diversity, and pushed into (14)______________. The
loss, so far, to humanity as a (15)__________, is incalculable.
V.Reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph A-G from
the list below

List of Headings 14. Paragraph A

i. The influence of the seasons on productivity 15. Paragraph B
ii. A natural way to anger management 16. Paragraph C
iii. Natural building materials promote health 17. Paragraph D
iv. learning from experience in another field 18. Paragraph E
v. Stimulating the brain through internal design features 19. Paragraph F
vi. Current effects on the species of ancient experiences 20. Paragraph G
vii. Uniformity is not the answer
viii. The negative effects of restricted spaces
ix. Improving occupational performance
x. The modern continuation of ancient customs

Page 4 of 6
Psychosocial Value of Space
A. What would a building space look and feel like if it were designed to promote psychological and social
well-being? How would it affect the senses, the emotions, and the mind? How would it affect behavioral
patterns? For insights, it is useful to look not at buildings but at zoos. Zoo design has gone through a radical
transformation in the past several decades. Cages have been replaced by natural habitats and geographic
clustering of animals. In some places, the animals are free ranging and the visitors are enclosed in buses or
trains moving through the habitat. Animals now exist in mixed species exhibits more like their natural
landscapes. And, as in nature, the animals have much greater control over their behavior. They can be on
view if they want, or out of sight. They forage, play, rest, mate and act like normal animals.
B. What brought about this transformation in philosophy and design? A key factor was concern over the
animals’ psychological and social well-being. Zoos could keep animals alive but they couldn’t make them
flourish. Caged animals often exhibit neurotic behaviors – pacing, repetitive motions, aggression, and
withdrawal. In one more example, an animal psychologist was hired by the Central Park Zoo to study a polar
bear that spent the day swimming in an endless figure of eights in its small pool. This was not normal polar
bear behavior and the zoo was concerned about it. After several days of observation, the animal psychologist
offered a diagnosis. The bear was bored. To compensate for this unfortunate situation, the zoo added
amenities and toys to bear’s enclosure to encourage exploration and play.
C. Are there lessons that we can apply To build design? Some experts believe so. For example biologist
Stephen Boyden (1971) defines the optimum healthy environment as ‘the conditions which tend, promote or
permit an animal optimal psychological, mental and social performance in its natural or “evolutionary”
environment. Because humans evolved in a natural landscape, it is reasonable to turn to the natural
environment for clues about performance patterns that may be applicable to building design. Drawing on
habitat selection theory ecologist Gordon Orians argues that humans are psychologically adapted to and
prefer landscape features that characterized the African plains or savannah, the presumed site of human
evolution. Although humans now live in many different habitats, Orians argues that our species long history
as mobile hunters or gatherers on the African savannahs should have left its mark on our psyche. If the
‘savannah hypothesis’ is true we would expect to find that humans intrinsically like and find pleasurable
environments that contain the key features of the savannah most likely to have aided our ancestors’ survival
and well being.
D. Although Boyden distinguishes between survival and well-being needs, they often overlap. For example,
people clearly need food for survival and health. However, food often serves as the basis for bonding and
relationship development. The ritual of sitting around a fire on the savannah or In a cave telling stories of the
day’s events and planning for tomorrow may be an ancient carryover from Homo sapiens’ hunting and
gathering days. According to anthropologist Melvin Konner, the sense of safety and intimacy associated with
the campfire may have been a factor in the evolution of intellectual progression as well as social bonds.
Today’s hearth is the family kitchen at home, and the community places, such as cafes and coffee bars, where
people increasingly congregate to eat, talk, read and work.
E. A growing body of research shows that building environments that connect people to nature are more
supportive of human emotional well being and cognitive performance than environments lacking these
features. For instance, research by Roger Ulrich consistently shows that passive viewing of nature through
windows promotes positive moods. Similarly, research by Rachel Kaplan found that workers with window
views of trees had a more positive outlook on life than those doing similar work but whose windows looked
out onto a parking lot. Connection to nature also provides mini mental breaks that may aid the ability to
concentrate, according to a research by Stephen Kaplan. Terry Hartig and colleagues report similar results in
a field experiment. People in their study who went for a walk in a predominantly natural setting achieved
better on several office tasks requiring concentration than those who walked in a predominantly built setting
or who quietly read a magazine indoors.
F. Studies of outdoor landscapes are providing evidence that the effects of nature on human well being and
health extend beyond emotional and cognitive functioning to social behavior and crime reduction. For
instance, Francis Kuo found that outdoor nature buffers aggression in urban high-rise settings and enhances

Page 5 of 6
the ability to deal with demanding circumstances. He also reported that planting trees in urban areas increases
sociability by providing comfortable places for residents to talk with one another and develop friendships that
promote mutual support.
G. A natural perspective also contributes important insights into comfort maintenance. Because people differ
from one another in many ways (genetic, cultures, lifestyles) their ambient preferences vary. Furthermore, a
given person varies over time depending upon his or her state of health, activities, clothing levels and so
forth. For most of human history, people have actively managed their surroundings as well as their behaviors
to achieve comfort. Yet buildings continue to be designed with a ‘one size fits all’ approach. Very few
buildings or workstations enable occupants to control lighting, temperature, ventilation rates or noise
conditions. Although the technology is largely available to do this, the personal comfort systems have not
sold well in the marketplace, even though research by Walter Kroner and colleagues at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute shows that personal control leads to significant increases in comfort and morale.
Questions 8-13
Look at the following people (Questions 8– 13) and the list of theories below. Match the person with the
correct theory A-I. You may use any letter more than once.

8. Gordon Orian List of theories

9. Melvin Konner
10. Roger Ulrich
11. Stephan Kaplan
12. Francis Kuo
13. Walter Kroner
A. Creating a green area can stimulate a sense of community.
B. People need adequate living space in order to be healthy
C. Natural landscape can both relax and sharpen the mind
D. Cooking together is an important element In human bonding,
E. People feel more ease if they can adjust their environment.
F. Looking at a green environment improves people’s spirits.
G. Physical exercise improves creative thinking at work.
H. Man’s brain developed partly through regular association with peers
I. We are drawn to places similar to the area where our species originated.

III. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning. In some questions, you have to use the
given words without changing their forms in any way.
1. The number of subscribers to our website is now at an all-time high.
Our website has________________________________________________________as it has now.
2. Can you help me think of new ideas for my fashion website? (COMING)
I need some_______________________________________with new ideas for my fashion website.
3. They couldn’t accomplish the task of developing a new product.
Developing a new product seemed………………………………………………..
4. The discussion group formed back in May.
May was …………………………………………………………..
5.He should take responsibility for his actions instead of avoiding any difficulty and blaming other
people. (EASY)
He should take responsibility for his action instead of……………………………………………..

Page 6 of 6