MODULE 3- RIZAL’S TRAVEL IN EUROPE

ASSESSMENT ANSWERS

I. Simple Recall.

1. He was practicing ophthalmology with Dr. Louis de Wecker at the Crugen Clinic.
2. He illustrated the story of the monkey and the turtle
3. It cost 28 duros a month
4. Rizal wrote a poem entitled “A Las Flores de Heidelberg”
5. Prof. Friedrich Ratzel
6. He stayed at Central Hotel
7. Rizal bought a pair of chin pitchers, painting them a figure of an old man representing the
outgoing year and a boy personifying the incoming year.
8. He submitted a thesis entitled “Arte Metrica del Tagalog”
9. Rizal received an ‘Ethnographic map of Central Mindanao”
10. April 24, 1887- Rizal receive letter of pardon from his beloved father
11. –
12. Rizal and Viola boarded at Rue due Rhone 3, Pension Bel-Air
13. Boat djemnah
14. Rizal was going to Rome
15. Rizal and Viola both boarded at Hotel Metropole

II. Answer briefly the ff questions

1. Rizal stayed in Germany to gain further knowledge about ophthalmology, to attend some
lectures at its local university, to further his studies of science and languages, to get familiar
with the scenic Germany, to be part of the scientific community and to finish his novel “Noli Me
Tangere”.
2. Jose Rizal was having difficulty with the Noli due to financial reasons.
3. –
4. Rizal left the country on June 30, 1887 and encountered an Italian priest in a train who
reportedly treated him like an old friend. Rizal referred to him as his “Father Confessor.”
5. Rizal continued his communication with his family through sending letters to his parents,
brothers and sisters. Communication is very important to Rizal during his time.
6. Yes, travel is one of life’s greatest teachers. It pulls you out of your comfort zone and plunges
you into the unknown. It reveals a world of cultures to explore and people to meet. And it helps
you develop virtues like patience and humility.
ASSIGNMENT

1. Ferdinand Blumentritt- became one of Rizal's closest confidants although they met only once. He
translated a chapter of the latter's first book, Noli Me Tangere into German.
Maximo Voila- will constantly be remembered as the man who saved the Noli Me Tangere for
posterity. More than that, he served the Filipino people by supporting Dr. Jose Rizal in his
advocacy for nationalism, which inspired the Philippine Revolution.
Fernando Cannon- will constantly be remembered as the man who saved the Noli Me Tangere
for posterity. More than that, he served the Filipino people by supporting Dr. Jose Rizal in his
advocacy for nationalism, which inspired the Philippine Revolution.

2. Summary of Noli Me Tangere

Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin, commonly referred to as Ibarra, has been studying in Europe
for the past seven years, though he is a mestizo Filipino. As he arrives back in the Philippines, his
friend, a prominent man named Captain Tiago, hosts a reunion dinner. Ibarra had been in
Europe for such a long time that he doesn’t know what has been going on in the country. At
dinner, Father Dámaso, who Ibarra thought was friends with his father, treats him badly, which
surprises Ibarra. As Ibarra is walking home from the dinner, another family friend, Señor
Guevara, follows him and tells him that Ibarra’s father died in prison after a campaign of slander
against him, and that Father Dámaso had a hand in his death. Father Dámaso had accused the
elder Ibarra of not going to confession, and after Rafael Ibarra inadvertently killed a man who
beat a young boy, he was imprisoned and attacked with accusations of subversion and heresy.
Guevara tried to clear his name, but he died in prison before he could be freed. The younger
Ibarra is shocked, but unsure of what to do. He goes to visit his old lover, Maria Clara, but as
Maria mentions Ibarra’s family, Ibarra is put off. Instead of seeking revenge, Ibarra tries to
follow his father’s footsteps of peace. After meeting with a schoolmaster who knew his father,
he plans on establishing a public school to help his hometown. Yet the schoolmaster warns him
that Father Dámaso meddles in the school system, preventing students from learning Spanish
and demanding that he beat the students. Ibarra pitches the idea of the school to town officials,
pretending that he wants to work with them on it, and they agree. Meanwhile, two young boys,
Crispín and Basilio, work as sextons to support their impoverished mother, Sisa, who is abused
by their father. When Crispín is falsely accused of theft, the brothers must work even more.
When he protests, Crispín is severely beaten, while Basilio escapes. He returns the next day to
look for his brother, but can't find him. Sisa looks for both her sons, losing her mind as she
wanders the area in search of them. Ibarra goes to his father’s grave, seeking peace. He is
shocked to discover that his father’s corpse was removed and supposedly put into a Chinese
cemetery at the order of the town's curate—Father Dámaso. During the town's festivities, Ibarra
and the officials plan to celebrate the new school, hoping to bless it after a sermon by Father
Dámaso. During the sermon, a mysterious man named Elías approaches Ibarra, warning him of a
plot to kill him. Elías had been the boatman on an earlier excursion Ibarra took with friends, but
after the excursion, Ibarra discovered he was a wanted fugitive. That night, Father Dámaso
invites himself to a dinner Ibarra is hosting. He insults both indigenous Filipinos and Ibarra’s
father specifically. He punches Father Dámaso, but before he can kill him, he is stopped by
María Clara. Ibarra is excommunicated, and María Clara falls ill, then is reengaged to a new man
after her spineless father calls off her wedding to Ibarra. Meanwhile, the Captain General, the
highest Spanish official in the novel, manages to lift Ibarra's excommunication, angering the
clergy. Ibarra continues working on the school, and Father Salvi, who is in love with María Clara,
plots with Lucas, the brother of a man killed by the plot intended to kill Ibarra at the festival, to
frame Ibarra for a rebellion, organizing people with grievances against the colonial government
and telling them that Ibarra is leading the revolt. Right before the attack happens, Father Salvi
warns everyone, claiming someone told him about it in confession. Ibarra is thrown into prison,
having been found guilty based on a letter he wrote to María Clara before leaving for Europe
years ago. Again, Elías rescues him, breaking him out of prison and taking him to María Clara.
She explains that she gave Father Salvi the letter that led to Ibarra being found guilty because he
blackmailed her: he knew that her real father is Father Dámaso, and threatened to reveal this
information. She apologizes to Ibarra, profoundly sorry. Elías and Ibarra row away, but they
quickly realize they're being followed by another boat, which will soon catch up. Elías jumps off
the boat to confuse their pursuers, who think he is Ibarra and try to shoot him while the real
Ibarra escapes. They appear to kill him, but they never see his body. María Clara tells Father
Dámaso that she can't marry Linares, the man she is now engaged to, and threatens to commit
suicide if she is not allowed to enter a convent. Because a newspaper reported Ibarra is dead,
she cannot bear the thought of being married to another man. Father Dámaso reluctantly
agrees. Padre Dámaso is transferred to occupy a curacy in a remote town. Distraught, he is
found dead a day later. Kapitán Tiago fell into depression and became addicted to opium and is
forgotten by the town. Padre Salví, meanwhile, awaits his consecration as a bishop. He is also
the head priest of the convent where María Clara resides. Nothing is heard of María Clara;
however, on a September night, during a typhoon, two patrolmen reported seeing a specter
(implied to be María Clara) on the roof of the Convent of the Poor Clares moaning and weeping
in despair. The next day, a representative of the authorities visited the convent to investigate
previous night's events and asked to inspect all the nuns. One of the nuns had a wet and torn
gown and with tears told the representative of "tales of horror" and begged for "protection
against the outrages of hypocrisy" (which gives the implication that Padre Salví regularly rapes
her when he is present). The abbess however, said that she was nothing more than a
madwoman. A General J. also attempted to investigate the nun's case, but by then the abbess
prohibited visits to the convent. Nothing more was said again about María Clara.

Characters
 Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin (Ibarra)
A wealthy young mestizo who has just returned to the Philippines after seven years of studying
in Europe, Ibarra is sophisticated, highly esteemed, and very idealistic. The priests of San Diego
all view him with great wariness on account of his highly liberal education and connections. His
father, the equally idealistic Don Rafael, was labeled a subversive and a heretic by the corrupt
priesthood and incarcerated, ultimately leading to his death. Ibarra hopes to create a school in
San Diego in order to carry out his father's dreams and ideals, but he becomes entangled in
conflicts with the church and is forced to flee San Diego as a result of a conspiracy led by the
scheming Father Salví. In contrast to his more radical friend Elías, Ibarra generally wants to work
within systems to reform the Philippines, rather than overthrow them, but he shifts towards
Elías's beliefs as the novel progresses.
  María Clara
A woman of high social standing, she is thought to be the daughter of Capitan Tiago and
goddaughter of Father Dámaso. She is actually the biological daughter of Father Dámaso, the
product of a scandalous relationship between the old priest and Capitan Tiago’s wife. María
Clara grew up alongside Ibarra and planned to marry him, but Father Dámaso disapproved of
the union. After Ibarra is excommunicated from the church, her guardians set her up to be wed
to Linares, a wealthy young man of Spanish descent, and she tries to go along with the plan to
avoid hurting her father, the weak-willed Capitan Tiago. When Ibarra is put on trial for sedition,
she is coerced into surrendering the letters Ibarra has sent her as evidence of his guilt.
Ultimately, when she hears of Ibarra's apparent death, she refuses to marry Linares and joins a
convent.

 Father Dámaso
Father Dámaso is an old, power-hungry, and shamelessly corrupt Spanish priest who has lived
among the native Filipinos for nearly two decades. In spite of having spent all that time among
them, the years have done nothing to endear him or develop any sympathy in him for his
“flock.” He is deeply racist, as well as petty and vindictive, and he thinks nothing of using his
considerable influence to ruin the lives of those who have slighted him, regardless of how small
the offense is. He masterminded the death of Don Rafael Ibarra, then brazenly taunted the
younger Ibarra. After he publically insults Ibarra's father, Ibarra attacks him and he
excommunicates Ibarra from the church. He is also the godfather (and, in fact, the biological
father) of María Clara, giving him influence over her relationship with Ibarra.

 Elías
A mysterious character, Elías is a man on the run from the law who resents both the Spanish
colonial government and the Catholic Church, despite his strong religious convictions. He
crosses paths with the more temperate Ibarra when Ibarra bravely saves him from a crocodile.
Elías uncovers a plot against Ibarra's life and works closely with him throughout the second half
of the novel. He and Ibarra have several long conversations regarding the ethics of politics and
governance, with Elias taking a more revolutionary stance.

 Father Salví
A younger, more cunning Spanish priest who assumes control over Father Damaso’s post as friar
curate of San Diego. He is in many regards more dangerous that his precursor as he is a more
gifted strategist who uses his religious role for political influence as well as personal vendettas.
He frequently fights with the town's ensign for power. His most significant role in the novel
comes through his plot to ruin Ibarra, who is engaged to María Clara, who he is in love with.

 Captain Tiago (Don Santiago de los Santos)

Capitan Tiago is a rarity in that he is a wealthy Filipino who is native-born. He keeps close ties
with high-ranking members of the Catholic Church, despite actually having no respect for
religion, and shamelessly joins in others' racist insults against his own people. His primary
concern is to marry off his daughter, María Clara, to an affluent man from an influential family.
This is one of the main reasons that he is quick to toss aside his loyalties to Ibarra when he is
labeled a subversive. His predilection for advantageous social pairings makes him quick to assent
to Linares as a potential new match for his daughter.

 The Ensign
The nameless head of the Civil Guard of the township of San Diego. A man of Spanish descent,
he is in a constant bitter feud with Father Salví to gain power in the town. He imposes curfews
that make it all but impossible for the citizens of San Diego to attend mass at the proper
schedule. He drinks excessively and is married to Doña Consolación, who he frequently fights
with.

 Doña Consolación
The pugnacious wife of The Ensign, Doña Consolación is an older Filipina woman who is
ashamed of her heritage and pretends to be unable to speak Tagalog, her own native language.
She fights with her husband frequently and makes many of her husband's decisions for him.
Despite being described as very ugly, she is proud and demands respect from others.

 Don Rafael Ibarra

Crisóstomo Ibarra’s father is posthumously mentioned in the novel. A critic of the corrupt
practices of the Spanish friars, he earns the ire of the vitriolic Father Dámaso, who accuses him
of sedition and heresy. He dies in prison before his name can be cleared. His remains are buried
in the Catholic cemetery in the town of San Diego, but Father Dámaso hires a gravedigger to
disinter his body to have him buried at the Chinese cemetery because of his status as a heretic.

 Crispín
A young boy studying to be a church caretaker, Crispín and his brother Basilio work ceaselessly
to send support money to their beleaguered mother, Sisa. Crispín is blamed for stealing money
from the church coffers by the head sexton and is kept a virtual prisoner until the debt is paid.
On the night that he and his brother were to visit their mother, the head sexton keeps them
until the curfew, effectively barring the brothers from travelling. The head sexton beats him and
he is never seen again afterward, presumably dying at the hands of the cruel head sexton,
though another church official claims he escaped.

 Basilio
Basilio is Crispín's older brother. Like his younger brother, he works as a sexton. Basilio makes a
desperate run for their home the night Crispín is dragged away and attempts to locate his
younger brother the day after, but his search efforts are fruitless. The following day, the Civil
Guard comes looking for him and his brother. Fearing for his life, he runs to the forest where he
goes into hiding, living with kind family until Christmas Eve. When he finally locates Sisa, he
learns that she has gone mad from grief and is thus unable to identify him as her son. He follows
her to the forest, where she regains her wits temporarily and then dies from the shock.

 Doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña

A fraud and a hustler, the Spaniard who calls himself Doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña was actually a
customs officer who was dismissed from his post shortly after arriving in the Philippines. Despite
having no medical experience, he travels the countryside posing as a doctor, charging
extortionate fees for his so-called services after his wife encourages him to pretend to be a
doctor. His patients eventually catch wind of his schemes and he is forced to relocate to another
area where he is all but unknown. He finds his way to San Diego, where he resumes his fake
medical practice.

 La Doctora Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña

A brazen and determined Filipina social climber, Doña Victorina is the spouse of the counterfeit
doctor, Tiburcio de Espadaña. She is well past her prime and relies on garish make-up to carry
on a façade of youth. She eagerly tries to marry off her nephew to María Clara, likely as a means
to further advance her social status.

 Lt. Guevara
A morally upright man of Spanish descent who holds both Crisóstomo Ibarra and the late Don
Rafael in high esteem, he is also the lieutenant of the Civil Guard. He is one of the few who
openly support the Ibarras and is vocal about his dislike of Father Dámaso’s control. He informs
Crisóstomo Ibarra of the fate of his father and how Father Damaso was involved in his death.

 Linares
Dr. de Espadaña’s nephew, a respectable young Spanish man. Like his uncle, he has forged
credentials and hopes to climb through the social ranks.

 The Schoolmaster
A teacher that Don Rafael housed, thus allowing him to suitably attend to the task of instructing
students; he informs Crisóstomo Ibarra of the sorry state of education of San Diego since the
passing of his father. The friars closely watch the material being taught in the school, forbidding
him from teaching Spanish. The schoolmaster is grateful to the Ibarra family, but he is not
hopeful that he’ll make headway in getting any lasting educational reforms to happen.

 Don Filipo (Filipo Lino)

Don Filipo Lino is a representative of the younger, less religiously shackled generation of movers
and shakers in San Diego, and he also serves as the vice mayor of the town. He despises the idea
of spending lavish amounts of money on the numerous feast days that mark the religious
calendar, seeing it as both wasteful and burdensome to the citizens. His words, however, fall on
deaf ears as he is only deputy mayor, and the mayor himself is a dedicated follower of the
Catholic church and the de facto mouthpiece of the friars.

 The Mayor
Nothing more than a marionette of the Catholic priesthood, the unnamed mayor of San Diego is
very conservative and bows down to the religious officials of the town.

 The Yellow Man

 An assassin tasked to kill the younger Ibarra, his plot to murder the young man is thwarted by
the cunning Elias. He is given this moniker for his permanently sallow, jaundiced complexion.

 Sisa
The long-suffering mother of sextons-in-training Crispin and Basilio, she goes mad upon the loss
of her sons. Impoverished and married to a violent drunkard, she is allied only with her sons.
She wanders the town, clothes tattered and hair disheveled, calling out for her sons. When she
actually does meet Basilio, she cannot recognize him.

 Father Sibyla
A priest serving in the Binondo district in the city of Manila, Father Sibyla serves as a foil to the
otherwise largely corrupt Father Dámaso and the perverse Father Salví as he is rational and
calm. Father Sibyla is an adept and shrewd orator who takes obvious delight in antagonizing the
pompous Father Dámaso at Ibarra’s return party.

 Aunt Isabel
A cousin of Capitan Tiago who raised Maria Clara as her own child after her mother’s untimely
death.

 Old Tasio (Don Anastasio)

An old man who previously studied philosophy and is believed to be crazy by most of the
community. He respects Ibarra and gives him valuable advice, and also helped Ibarra's father
before him.

MAIN IDEA

José Rizal’s political novel Noli Me Tangere examines how Spain’s colonization of the Philippines allowed
the Catholic church to dominate and rule the region. Colonialism produced tensions that would, roughly
a decade after Rizal’s novel was published, lead Filipino natives to revolt against Spain’s oppressive
religious and governmental bodies in the Philippine Revolution.