Cardiff University

International Study Centre

Core Chemistry 2

TIME: 1.5 HOURS

TOTAL MARKS: 65

May 2022

Section A 25 marks Short written answer Answer ALL questions.

Section B 20 marks Long written answer Answer ALL questions.
Section C 20 marks Calculation answer Answer ALL questions.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black or blue ink pen
• Answer ALL the questions
• Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper
• At the top of each answer sheet write your Study Group student ID and Exam name i.e. 2598767
Core Chemistry 1 Exam
• Clearly number your questions
• Full marks will only be given for full and detailed answers
• Questions need to be uploaded in the same order they appear on the exam paper
• Save your work on one document as a pdf
• Save your work with your Study Group student ID and Exam Name i.e. 2598767 Core
Chemistry 1 Exam

INFORMATION
• This assessment contributes 50% of your module total.
• The total mark for this paper is 65
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets (Use this as a guide as to how much time to
spend on question) [Bold- overall mark for the question] [Not bold- mark for part of question]
• This is an open book exam (this means you can use your notes only)
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it
• If you want to cancel an answer, draw one line through it; i.e. one line (do not use tippex or a
correction pen)
• Check your answers if you have time at the end
STATIONERY/EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
• Lined paper (supplied by student)
• Scientific Calculator
• Periodic Table
Section A- Short written answer questions
Write out the answers to all of the following questions. You may write in bullet points.
[Various marks per question x 8 = 25 marks]

1. A scientist is carrying out an experiment in a laboratory and they see an unlabelled

bottle containing a clear liquid. [ 3 marks]
a. Which 2 tests can be used to distinguish between primary and secondary
alcohols? [2 marks]
b. What test can be used to test for an alkene? [1 marks]

2. The conversion of ethene into chloroethane in uses HCl. [5 marks]

a. Name the mechanism for this reaction. [1 marks]

b. Outline the mechanism for this reaction [4 marks]

3. If decreasing the concentration of A has no effect on the following reaction, what

does this mean with order with respect to A? [1 mark]

4. Consider the following equilibrium reactions [1 mark]

Reaction 1 H2(g) + I2(g) ⇋ 2HI(g) ∆H = −10 kJ mol−1
Reaction 2 CO2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ CH3OH(g) + H2O(g) ∆H = −49 kJ mol−1
Reaction 3 N2O4(g) ⇋ 2NO2(g) ∆H = +58 kJ mol−1
Reaction 4 N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) ∆H = −92 kJ mol−1

Which of the following reactions would an increase in temperature at constant

pressure shift the position of the equilibrium from right to left?

Continue Section A on next page

5. Look at the graph below [5 marks]
a. Label each part of this graph [2 marks]

b. Identify whether this graph represents an exothermic or endothermic

reaction. Explain your answer. [2 marks]

c. Give an example of a reaction which would produce a graph like the one
above. [1 mark]

6. A transparent glass syringe was filled with the gaseous mixture of N2O4 and NO2 and
its tip sealed. When the piston of the syringe was rapidly pushed well into the body
of the syringe, thereby compressing the gas mixture considerably, the colour of the
gas became momentarily darker but them became lighter again.
N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)
Pale yellow Dark brown [3 marks]
a. Suggest why compressing the gases causes the mixture to darken [1 mark]
b. Explain why the mixture turns lighter on standing. [2 marks]

7. Catalysts have an important role in many reactions such as cracking petroleum.

[3 marks]
a. State the meaning of the term catalyst [1 mark]
b. Explain how catalysts work [2 marks]

Continue Section A on next page

8. The diagram below shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of molecular
energies, at a constant temperature, in a gas at the start of a reaction. [4 marks]

a. State how, if at all, the number of molecules with energy greater than the
activation energy (Ea) changes as the temperature is increased without
changing the total number of molecules. [1 mark]
b. State how, if at all, the value of the most probable energy (Emp) changes as
the total number of molecules is increased at constant temperature.
[1 mark]
c. State how, if at all, the area under the molecular energy distribution curve
changes as a catalyst is introduced without changing the temperature or the
total number of molecules. [1 mark]
d. State how, if at all, the number of molecules with the most probable energy
(Emp) changes as the temperature is decreased without changing the total
number of molecules. [1 mark]

End of Section A
Continue onto Next page
Section B- Long written answer questions
Write out the answers to all the following question using full sentences
[Various marks per question x 6= 20 marks]
1. State and explain what happens to the yield of methanol when the total pressure is
increased in this synthesis.
CO2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ CH3OH(g) + H2O(g) [3 marks]

2. Identify the stages and explain how atoms in a solid sample have their abundance
determined in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. [6 marks]

3. A learner is carrying out a rate of reaction experiment. Describe and explain the
effect of each of the following on the rate of the reaction of calcium with a solution
of hydrochloric acid: the molarity of the hydrochloric acid, the temperature of the
solution, and the size of the pieces of calcium. [3 marks]

4. A chemist in a laboratory notices a bottle with “carbonyl (C=O)” written on the

label. Aldehydes and ketones both have the carbonyl function group. [5 marks]
a. Identify the characteristic that can be used to tell the 2 compounds apart.
[1 mark]
b. Explain why this characteristic can be used to tell the 2 compounds apart.
[2 marks]

c. Describe the Tollen’s reagent test and the results that can be used to
determine whether an aldehyde or ketone compound is present [2 marks]

5. A food company has developed a new food product. They need to carry out a
process to measure the amount of energy in this new food product. Describe the
calorimetry process that is used to measure the energy in new food product.
[3 marks]

End of Section B
Continue onto Next page
Section C- Calculation answer questions
Write out the answers to all the following question using full sentences
[Various marks per question x 6 = 20 marks]

1. Consider the following reaction: [6 marks]

CO (g) + 3H2 (g) ---------> CH4 (g) + H2O (g)
When 1.00 mol CO and 3.00 mol H2 are placed in a 10.0 L vessel at 927 °C and allowed to
come to equilibrium, the mixture is found to contain 0.387 mol H2O.

a. Calculate the number of moles of all reactants and products at equilibrium. [2 marks]
b. Calculate the concentrations of all reactants and products at equilibrium. [2 marks]
c. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction. [2 marks]

2. Consider the reactions for the formation of CO2 (g) from carbon and oxygen [4 marks]

C(s) + O2(g) -------> CO(g) + ½ O2(g) DH: = -123 kJ mol-1

CO(g) + ½ O2(g) ---------> CO2 (g) DH: = -271 kJ mol-1

a. Calculate ΔH for this reaction: C(s) + O2(g) ---------> CO2 (g) [1 mark]
b. Draw an enthalpy diagram showing reaction progress and enthalpy changes. [3 marks]

3. The standard heats of formation of HCl(g) and HBr(g) are -92.0 kJ/mol and -36.4 kJ/mol,
respectively. Using this information, calculate ΔH for the following reaction:
Cl2(g) + 2 HBr(g) → 2HCl (g) + Br2 (g) [2 marks]

4. Use the data in the table to calculate a value for the lattice enthalpy of dissociation for
silver chloride. [3 marks]
Enthalpy change Value/ kJ
mol-1
Enthalpy of atomisation for silver +289
First ionisation energy for silver +732
Enthalpy of atomisation for chlorine +121
Electron affinity for chlorine -364
Enthalpy of formation for silver -127
chloride

Continue Section C on next page

5. A fuel company has launched a research and development project into the use of
propanone. The researchers used the mean bond enthalpy data in the table and the
equation given below to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy change when gaseous
propanone is burned. Show your working for the calculation the researcher would have
completed [3 marks]
C−H C−C C−O O−H C=O O=O
Mean bond 412 348 360 463 805 496
enthalpy/kJ mol−1

CH3COCH3(g) + 4O2(g) à 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

6. The following table shows the results of three experiments carried out at the same
temperature to investigate the rate of the reaction between compounds A and B.[2 marks]

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3

A/moldm-3
Initial concentration of 0.5 0.25 0.25
Initial concentration of B/mol dm -3 0.36 0.36 0.72
–3
Initial rate/mol dm s –1 7.6 × 10 –3 1.9 × 10-3 3.8 × 10-3
Use the data in the table to deduce the order with respect to A and the order with respect
to B.

End of Section C

End of Assessment