OMA © UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education SON TT CANDIDATE 1 NAME foe ts _4 CENTRE CANDIDATE NUMBER NUMBER. ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/22 Paper 2 Reading and Writing (Extended) October/November 2013, 2hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Writa in dark blue or black pan. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. ‘Answer all questions. Dictionaries are not allowed. ‘The number of marks is given in brackets | J at the end of each question or part question. ‘This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. 0c (cwwcew) gests UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE ucLES 2013 International Examinations [Turn overExercise 1 vad the following article about places to visitin Frence, and then answer the questions on the upp] Page, VISITING FRANCE France offers great opportunities for visitors and a wide variety of differ nt types of holiday: Countryside and villages ‘There is plenty to see in the French countryside, including beautiful wooded valleys, rivers an ‘gorges. In most areas of France you can find pretty villages, especially in central Alsace, in t countryside of Normandy and along the river in the Dordogne. Castles Frauce is famous for its wonderful architecture, and two areas in France are particularly visited for their attractive castles. The Loire valley to the south-west of Paris is best known for its large houses or castles called ‘chateaux’, which were built by rich noblemen aud kings from Paris. Towards the south of France the Dordogne is famous for its medieval castles. ‘The impressive mountains of the French Alps are popular in both summer and winter for skiing, The area attracts skiers of all ahilities, from beginners to experts. Less visited by overseas visitors, the Pyrenees offer an attractive alternative to the French Alps for people interested in skiing or a holiday in the mountains. | | | Beaches France has thousands of beackes to meet every requirement. Some of the most popular beaches with sun-seekers are those along the French Riviera, where high temperatures are almost guaranteed during the summer months. The long sandy beaches of the Atlantic Coast north of Biarritz are also well worth visiting, as is the very picturesque coast of Brittany. Family fan Among the most popular regions for people visiting France with children are the beaches of the western coast such as those found in the Vendee department, which also has several large attractions and events for families. Another favourite destination here is Tle de Ré, well known for having lots of eycle paths which make it a pleasure for families to travel around. In addition, ‘amusement parks such as Disneyland and Asterix in the nord of Frauce offer great fun for both children and adults. Paris sveryone loves Paris, as much for its eafé life and general romantic atmosphere as for the more famous sights such as the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre museum, The Metro ‘makes it easy to travel around the city and everywhere you go there is something new and exciting to discover. Eating out Wherever you choose to visit, remember that good food is appreciated and widely known about throughout France. Eating out is generally inexpensive, outside the large cities. A decent two course lunch will cost about 12 euros. It is not necessary to leave a tip for the waiter or waitress because the service charge is now included in the bill. However, most people still leave a small tip, especially for good serviee. eucLEs2013 ost0r2/01N3(a) (b) (©) (a) ) ( (g) (h) 3 What three natural features can you see in the countryside in France? ‘Why might tourists want to visit the Loire valley? 1 | Where should you go for a quiet skiing holiday away from other tourists? What is particularly attractive about the beaches on the French Riviera? : ‘What makes lle de Ré a good place for families to visit? i Apart from the famous sights, what makes Paris so popular for visitors? Give two details. (2) ‘Where is it especially good value for money to eat out? val] Why is it not essential to leave a tip after having a meal? [1] (Total: 9) OUCLES 2018 ostoz20N13 [Turn overExercise 2 about spices, \swer the questions on the opposite pag By the year 1000, Arabian traders had found many wonderful treasures in India, but perhaps the most precious trading goods were spices. These traders brought rare and exotic spices such as cumin and coriander from India. They then supplied these spices to their countrymen and to Europe. Through this trade they were able to make fortunes. ‘Today, when spices are cheaper and more widely available, it seems unbelievable that they were once a royal luxury and that men were willing to risk their lives to acquire chem. In 1497, four tiny ships sailed southward from Portugal, under the guidance of Captain Vasco da Gama. He was searching for a new route to the spice lands of Asia. In a two-year journey that covered 38,624 kilometres, he took his ships around the continent of Africa to India and back to Portugal. Although only two of the four ships returned safely to their home port, they brought back a cargo of spices worth 60 times the cost of the ‘voyage, making da Gama a wealthy man. Rich people were eager to exchange their gold for his pepper and cinnamon. Cinnamon was particularly valued for use in funeral ceremonies when a wealthy person died. Vonlla was another favourite of the rich because, when mixed with cacao, it made a previously unknown, delicious drink. Pepper was the most precious spice of all, often used as a form of money, particularly when rent had to be paid. Da Gama’s successful voyage started a European power struggle for control over the spice trade. For three centuries afterwards, the nations of western Europe fought violent battles at sea. Some people believe that the wealth made from the spice trade in the past is similar to the wealth of oll companies today. The people of those times used spices, as we do today, to improve or vary the flavours of their food. Spices were also used to disguise the taste of food that was not fresh. Without the addition of spices it would have been too unpleasant to eat. In times when there was no refrigeration, spices were also used for preserving food, such as meat, for a year or more. In the 16th century, cloves were commonly used both to preserve food and tor medicinal purposes. Its fascinating to note that cloves are still used in the same way in some modern food. Later, mustard and ground mustard were also found to have preservative qualities. When spices were not available, people often went hungry because they could not prevent their food from going bad. Today, we use spices to flavour our food but do not have to spend a large amount of money to purchase them. Nevertheless, the total amount that countries spend on importing spices continues to be significant. Many people around the world work in very dificult conditions to produce spices for us. Much of the work is done by hand and very specific skills are needed. These skills have been handed down from generation to generation, but there is now some concern that younger people no longer want to do this sort of work because they prefer to go to the cities and work in office jobs Most of us are_completely Countries Importing Spices unaware of the origin of the 250. spices, and varied traditions surrounding the spices, that We Money spent keep in small packets or bottles gnimporing 160. fon our kitchen shelves. For spices example, when we shake some (inmillions of 100. cumin into a pan we are not US dollars) 200 expecting it t0 keep married id couples together, which Is what Ee er eae UAE lay ls Ha United” Sausi Singapors alaysia people believed in the past. ‘Gogo Anba’ J Lo oucLES ors ‘os1022100N9(@) (b) (c) (d) (2) © (9) ) wo @ (K) 5 How were Arabian traders able to make fortunes by the year 1000? How does the price of spices nowadays compare with the cost in the 15th century? wien cinatnc.f] How far in total did Vasco da Gama travel on his journey. and how long did the voyage, aot? (1) How do we know that Vasco da Gama’s journey was a financial success? (1) How did the relationships between European countries change after da Gama returnea? Give two details. [2] What modern industry has been as successful as the spice trade of the past? [1] ‘Why were spices used to hide the flavour of foods? ~{] What quality do cloves and mustard share that made them particularly important is the past? a} According to the chart, which country spends the most on importing spices and how much does it spend? tt How have people learnt the skills needed to produce spices? 1) Apart from preserving and flavouring food, what other uses have spices had? Give four details. 14] [Total: 15] SUCLES 2013, ostor22100N13 [urn lesannere ‘oe overExercise 3 Aditake Boonmee lives at 275 Rama Avenue, Rajatevee; Bangkok 10210, which is in Thailand. He n; a job at the weekends and has been saving his money for quite some time in order to buy-his mother ‘special present for her birthday. He is quite proud of himself as he has now saved 100 dollars. He has bank card and so he will be able to make the purchase without any problems. This will be his mothe 40th birthday and Adirake's father has planned a surprise trip to a beach resort, which is her favouri place for a break. Adirake wants to buy his mother some perfume. She is always talking about latest perfumes, but she rarely buys any for herself becausse she usually spends hei money on treat {for other members of the family. His mother works very hard as an accountant and has to meet many, people during her working day. Adirake knows that she likes to smell good when she is working, Adirake realises that he has a big problem because he has no idea which perfume to buy for hi mother. His mother has two bottles of perfume. Adirake smelt each one when she was out at work, he really couldn't work out whether there was one fragrance that seemed to be the same in each them. He did realise that they were both quite flowery, which made sense, as his mother loves filing the, house with sweet-smelling flowers. He also noticed that both bottles were made of lass and looked very attractive. Again, that was not surprising because his mother loves crystal vases and admires ornaments made of cut glass. ‘Adirake asked his father for advice on which perfume to buy. His father just joked and said that Adirake's ‘mother loved the smell of her favourite hot drinking chocolate, but he admitted that he really did not know anything about perfume. Adirake then decided to call his aunt to see if she could be more helpful Unfortunately, she was away for a couple of days and so he just left her a message asking her to call him back on his mobile/cell phone, 0866551975. Adirake realised that he would have to make the decision about the perfume purchase on his own and decided to go online to try to find an answer to his problem. After some time searching, he wes delighted to find a company which seemed to be able to help him. He had to answer some questions on a form, and according to his answers, the company would recommend the perfect perfume. The form was specially designed to be compieted by someone who wants to buy perfume as a gift for someone else. After the perfume had been identified it could be ordered on the internet from the same company. Finally, Adirake knew which perfume to buy his wolier. Imagine you are Adirake. Fill in the form on the opposite page, using the information above. euctesans ostoz1onts| Perfume Profile Form Section A: Details of person completing the form Name: ... ‘Address: . Telephone number: Please state maximum amount you wish to spend: Method of payment: ... Section B: Details of person for whom you wish to buy perfume Gender: (please delete) MALE / FEMALE Ago: (please circle) 15-25, 26-40 41-55 over 55 ‘Occupation: | Favourite drink: What is the person's favourite holiday environment? (please tick). Poa eens () ee ey [] ‘What type of fragrance does this person like? .. Is the appearance of the bottle important to this person? (please delete) YES #NO Section C In the space below, wrte one sentence of between 12 and 20 words, givin further information | | about wity you wail to buy perfume for his person {Total: 8) eucuEs 2013 ostaz2ionis [Turn overExercise 4 Read the following article about mobile phones, and then complete the notes on the opposite page, MOBILE PHONES More than half the people in the world now pay to use a mobile or cell phone. Recent estimates show that there are 4.1 billion mobile phone subscriptions, up from 1 billion in 2002. Gver the! same perivd, lund-line subscriptions ruse more slowly, from { billion wo 1.27 billiv that many people are rejecting the older technology altogether. For many parents, knowing that their children can call them in an emergency situation saves them a lot of worry. They are confident that their child can reach them at the push of a button. Similarly, in an accident, a mobile phone makes contacting emergency services much faster; there is no longer any need to wait for a kind person nearby to lend a hand. People on holiday appreciate the fact that if they want to call home, they do not have to struggle with public phones with unfamiliar dialling codes. The mobile phone industry was initially aimed at business people, and it is easy to see the advantages. They have access to clients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and clients can contact them at any time as well. This means they are always able to do business. Mobile phones with multimedia capabilities also allow wsers to check their work email, which is useful for business people who are frequently out of the office: Mobile phones that have dual SIM card capability are convenient for business people. They can then use their phone for both private and business purposes without needing more than one phone. Many people have become so attached to their mobile phone that itis almost like an extra body part. However, some are still unconvinced of the huge power of the mobile. While there are obvious advantages to carrying a mobile phone, it is easy to overlook some of the problems that can be caused Some people feel that although ease of access makes mobile phones so convenient for business people, it can be a problem for the rest of us. There are many people who like to keep their public and private lives separate, A mobile phone can destroy the barrier between the two worlds. For example, if regular mobile phone users have to send their devices away for repair or service, they are amazed by the sense of freedom they feel when no-one can contact thera, Many parents express doubt about the overall benefit of the mobile phone to their children. ‘Some parents have noticed changes particularly in the behaviour of their teenage children, They have noticed that some show extreme anxiety if they miss a call or text message. Some teenagers show signs of depression when they do not have access to their mobile phone. Others face problems at schoo! if they are not allowed to have their phones in class. Although not everyone ‘wants to define this obsession as a ‘disease’, an increasing number of clinics are treating it in the same way as they would any other serious addiction. Perhaps even more seriously, research has shown that over 20% of car accidents involving teenagers occurred while they were driving and using their mobile phone at the same time. Whether we like it or not, there is no doubt that the mobile phone is here to stay. ©UCLES 2019 ‘ost0r2210n439 You have been asked to give a talk to your technology club about mobile phones. Prepare some jy notes to use as the basis of your talk. Make your notes under each heading, Benefits of the mobile phone to non-business users Benefits to business people of having a mobile phone ©UCLES 2013, ostazaons [Total: 9} [Turn overExercise 5 Read the following article about a bi On the opposite page, write a summary about 10 rd oatlod Lady. what makes Lady special. Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You shou use your own words as far as possible. You summary, and up to § marks for the style and aoc Inside a wooden hut at the edge of a lake in Scotland there is much excitement. People are looking through their binoculars and ‘whispering to one another. The object of all the |atontion is Lady, « huge bird of proy called on ‘osprey, who is standing in her giant nest and is, looking out to the blue sky. ‘This bird has puzzled the experts by living to the age of 26, because ospreys usually live for only 8 years. Equally amazing is the fact that she has produced 48 baby birds. She is now waiting for the return of the 10-year-old male who she mated with last year. He is due to land. any day after a 3,000-mile migration back from west Africa. Ospreys mate for life, so, if he has survived, he should be on his way. But if he doesn’t get here within the next few days, Lady. will probably assume that he has died and move on to another male. In her lifetime, she has already outlived two mates, a fact that has, astounded experss. | “The interest is huge,” said Trevor Smith, from the Scottish Nature Reserve. “Lady is a star attraction and very important. Incredibly, she |has been coming back to her nest here for 19 years. Last year she was very ill and we all thought she was going to die, so no one | imagined she'd be back this year.” Lady survived and recently arrived back from her African winter. She has no identification rings or markers, so it wan't until later, when bird-watchers focused their cameras on her |eyes, that her identity could be confirmed. “She has a unique defect in the iris of her right, eye ~ it looks like a lightning bolt,” said Smith. “It was amazing to see her come back; she is astonishing everyone and her remarkable life is challenging everything we thought was true about ospreys. LADY Since her return, Lady has been helping herself te the lake's supplies of fish, even catching herself a large salmon. Meanwhile, she is being closely watched by experts and fans. On the branches around her are two discreet cameras, ‘one for day and one for night, pointing at the nest. There are also two microphones that pick up every ruffle of her feathers and her occasional, piercing cry. Enthusiasts around the world are eagerly watching her movements as they happen. It could be argued that no other osprey in history has been observed by so many people worldwide. Last year 33,000 people viewed the webcam online, and this | year 120,000 have already watched Lady. Being able to see her so close up is especially exciting. Smaller thant an eagle, but laxger than @ hawk, the osprey disappeared as a species from the UK in 1916. The last pair was killed by egg and bird hunters such as the Victorian collector, William Dunbar, who guiltily wrote to a friend | that their obsessions “had finally destroyed the osprey”. Even when the ospreys returned in the 1980s, their small numbers remained under threat, especially from the use of pesticides. All of this sad history makes Lady even more remarkable, She alone has helped to encourage a new interest in the survival of the osprey. ©UCLES 2018 ostaz2onvis" (Total: 11] eucLES 2013 ostozaons [Turn over12 Exercise 6 Recently, you were disappointed because you didn't get something you had worked hard for. Write a letter to your friend about this experience. In your letter you should: ‘describe what you had worked hard for ‘= explain why you didn't get it ‘+ say what you have learnt from this experience, The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own. Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your letter, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. @ucies 2019 staan13 FFotal: 19] ©ucLES 2018 ostazzionts [Turn over4 Exercise 7 A big international supermarket chai five. not far from where yo] Here are some comments already made by local people: a ee The crowds and traffic congestion will >> \.__ "make the area very neisy. 2 People will stop permarket will give us a much greater choice of products to buy. using our small local shops, oe wi lire There will be new jobs on offer for the >) who live nearby. Write an article for the local newspaper giving your opinion cf the plan. ‘The comments above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own, Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. OUCLES 2018 os10z2/0N1315 [Total: 19] ucies 2013, ostozz/onits16 FFemiesan 0 rprosice fame whore fieipey ond waluilprotced by copigh fe neued has boon soul ad cleared where pose Ere Ire ats bn aye Par ULES ac eit haba ny tor stg rs am nga ed Re \Unnerey of Camtrigeniamatonal Eramnatons is part of the Cambie Assessment Gre, Cambie Asersment i he rand name of Unvey ot (amas Lael Examinations Syn (UCLES) whichis ale depareente he Umer of Canbroe. evcLEs 2013 ostozaionvisQUANTA | unsvencoy or emonpas esnATOnAL EAMINATONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education TESSONTE CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CANDIDATE NUMBER, NUMBER, ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/21 Paper 2 Reading and Writing (Extended) October/November 2013 ‘Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. 2hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction uid, DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. ‘Answer all questions. Dictionaries are not allowed. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. ‘The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] atthe end of each question or part question. ‘This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. 1c (SsFiNG) ese UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE. ‘OUCLES 2013, International Examinations {Turn overExercise 1 Read the following article about an unusual race in India, and then answer the questions on the opposite page. engine to travel only a few kilometres. The race ‘The annual international autorickshaw race is something totally different. It is a two-week Journey along India’s highways, over mountains ‘and through valleys. Driving such long distances in this kind of vehicle could certainly be described not only as a sport but also as an adventure. ‘The race starts in Kochi, in the southem state of Kerala and ends in Shillong, in the northeast. It is 1 very real challenge for the 180 drivers who come from 19 different countries to take part inthe 5,000- kilometre race. “We are risking our lives or atleast serious injury,” says Jenny Lucas, part of a team of three women trom the USA. i ‘The autorickshaw race first took place in 2006. In addition to an autorickshaw vehicle, teams need to obtain a permit to race, and they also receive an official starting time, The international competitors ‘who are unfamiliar with autorickshaws have to teach themselves to drive their vehicles a couple of days before the event. After that, participants are on their own and are expected to arrive at their ‘destination within a certain number of days. Each team must raise atleast 1,600 US dollars for Indian charities. “Online application to take part |[_sars a year in advance of the race, and all the RICKSHAW RACE IN INDIA The autorickshaw is the three-wheeled form of public transport that you can see being driven through crowded cities in India, Normally you would expect these small vehicles with a 150ce | permits are sold in one minute,” says James Austen, 1 spokesman for the company that organises the} event | Colourful vehicles All of the contestants in the race have. their fautorickshaws painted — sometimes they have pictures of animals, such as tigers or elephants, on the sides ofthe vehicles. One team has even painted its autorickshaw in the colours of a police car, in the hope that it will make it easier to get through the traffic. Difficult conditions ‘The intense heat means that every year the race is a great test of endurance. For the participants, even more stressful than the heat, is the amount of traffic on the Indian roads and driving uphill in the autorickshav, Despite the difficulties, itis} a great opportunity for the drivers to see the parts of India that tourists rarely visit. Sometimes good experiences have resulted from something gving ‘wrong. For example, some people have broken an arm or a leg and others have sometimes lost thei ‘way in isolated areas. On these occasions, however, the local people have always been friendly and helpful, and the participants have come away with pleasant memories. \ eucLES 2013 ostazvons@) © () @ © ® @ i) 3 Where in india would you be most likely to see the autorickshaws? i How far do autorickshaws usually travel? i How tong does the race last? What must some participants do two days before the race? Who benefits from the money raised? Why must participants register quickly? How have some drivers decorated their autorickshaws? Give two details eat peed piaece tes (1D ‘What do the drivers find most difficult? Give two details. eucies 2019 ostozvons [Turn overExercise 2 Read the following article about a busi wt and then answer the questions on the opposite page. THE MALAYSIAN TING-TING MAN | Leo Chia is standing behind his stall on a hot afternoon, smiling warmly as he serves his customers. Three generations of his family have been selling ting ting owects in Malaysia since his grandfather started the business. “I's hot” complains Leo, moving his stall into the shade. "But | enjoy what | do and want as many people as possible to try these traditional sweets” 3d sells tradi nal sweets in Malaysia, ‘Ting-ting sweets are small and hard and traditionally handmade by mixing white sugar, maple syrup and sticky rice. But Leo's family recipe uses ‘maltose and honey instead of white sugar. Leo learnt the trade at the age of 19 by helping his father to measure the ingredients. In those days he often | used to pop a few siveets inty his mouth, which expiains why now that he Is an adult, some ot his front teeth are missing. "That's only part of the reason” he laughs. "Maybe | didnt brush my teeth properly when ! was younger” Last year, Leo's father finally gave his son permission to run the business. When making the sweets, Leo ‘needs containers of diferent sizes to measure the ingredients accurately. On most days, he uses enough to ‘make about two kilos of sweets. It is essential to make the sweets when the temperature is not too cold, $0, ‘Leo makes his ting-ting between midday and 6pm. It is equally important to have the right tools when breaking the solid sweets into small pieces. Only a {radtional metal chisel and a small hammer vill do the task properly. The 60-year-old chisel that Leo uses has been passed down from generation to generation and is of great importance to him. Finally, he needs to hhave good storage space for both the ingredients and the freshly-made sweets. In the old days, his grandiather used to sell and deliver the sweets from a basket on his bicycle, His father uses his motorbike to sell ting-ting, but Leo prefers to use his car. He says, “The more places | go to, the more customers I can find. I go whorovor | think I ean eoll the moot!” ‘Sundays are always the busiest because that is the day when most families go out togethor, and Leo enjoys ‘meeting old and new customers. When there are big orders fora children’s party. for example, Leo makes the ting-ting three days before the delivery. Although the sweets do not have any preservatives, and they are best eaten within three months, they can be stored for up to half a year. Refrigeration is not necessary, but hey ‘must always be kept away from sunlight. feist rae ir LEO'S PROFIT AND COSTS 20102013 day. But on bad days, he might only sell one packet. However, he is @ very determined person and always looks on the bright side. He says, “My father and grandiather supported their families by selling ting-ting and | hope to ‘continue this tradition. We haven't raised the price of tho ewoete for the pact cight years ‘even though the cost of basic ingredients has increased tremendously. So the profits are BRS Bees less and | don't make much money, but itis Yeer Year ‘enough to make a living” Realising the importance of education, the enterprising Leo has also enrolled for a college course in ‘accountancy. He continues, “Eventually, | hope to have a shop with a demonstration area to show children hhow fing-ing is made and then maybe they will become interested in the process. Its a long-term plan, but hopefully it wll happen” euctEs 2013, ostazvons5 (a) How many generations of Leo's family have made ting-ting? (b) Apart from syrup and rice, what ingredients does Leo use to make ting-ting? = e ~ iu (6) What was-Leo's first job in the family business? {@) Give two reasons why Leo's teeth might be in such bad condition now. - 2 (e) "What three methods of transport has the Chia family used since the business started? -O (f) When would Leo need to prepare the ting-ting well in advance? mi (9) What is the maximum length of time the sweets can be kept? (1) (h)_ According to the charts, in which year were the business costs at their lowest and what | ~ was the average daily profitin 20127 a) (i) Why have Leo's profits fallen? Give two details. 1 (@ _In-addition to selling ting-ting, what does Leo intend to do in his shop? (W)_ Apart from ingredients, what does Leo need to make and keep his sweets? Give four details. ucts 2013 os102v0NN [Turn overExercise 3 The sports and feisure council In Limassot, Cyprus has started a campaign to-involve more young) people in leisure activities at the local community centre. They have produced a survey form which: have sent to every young person between the ages of 11 and 18. The council is hoping that a large ‘number will complete the form so that they can pan courses for the most popular activ (One of the young people to receive the survey form is Neokiis Timotheou, who attends the local college in Limassol. He will celebrate his eighteenth birthday in one month's time and so is just eligible-to fil in- the form. He takes part in many sporting activities during college time, but would welcome the chance to ddo more activities in the evenings. Neoklis is often free at that time, but because of family commitments he has to be with his parents at the weekend. The most convenient time for him to participate in the planned courses would be on Friday evenings, when he would be able to spend three hours on his chosen activity. He would be happy to do sport, but would really prefer to widen his range of interests, and to meet new people. He has studied the survey form carefully and talked to his friends about it in some detail. Most of his friends want to continue with activities that involve sport, suci as basketball and swimming. Neokls ‘would prefer the chance to try out some creative activities such as acting and the theatre. He took part ina college production once before, but that involved building the scenery and helping with the lighting and sound equipment. He wanted to play a roie on the stage but he did not perform very wel in the auiditions. He would really ike to do an acting course, so that he will have more chance of getting a part in the next college production. “To encourage more young people to join, the council is providing free transport far those who live a Jong distance from the community centre or who are unable to get there by themselves. Neoktis would not need this service because he lives at Apartment B, 101 Amathus Avenue in Limassol, and itis only 1 Kilometre from his home to the centre. Neoklis believes that, instead of offering free transport to and from the centre, the council should consider modernising the equipment, Alternatively, he thinks the ‘courses for young people could be made cheaper. He believes it would be a good idea to continue to read all the latest news from the council website on his computer to keep up to date with the courses that are on offer. He could receive details by email at nikandmary@ respond.cy but he shares this with his sister and therefore it is not so convenient. Fill in the survey form on the opposite page, u 1g the information oucLEs 2018, ostozvoMts7 Limassoi Sports and Leisure Council Survey Form iowa Section A Personal details Full name of person completing this form: ‘Gender (please delete): MALE / FEMALE ge Home address: . Emails Section B Leisure interests Which activity most interests you? (pleacecitele one) sports music theatre films. ~~ computer games Give details of any experience in that activity: What exacily would you like to do in your chosen activity at the centre? What is: (@)_ the most convenient time for you to attend the activity? (6) your preferred length of time for each session? Section C General details How far do you tive from the community centre? Do you require transport to the community centre? (please delete) YES/NO How would you prefer to get the latest council information? (please tick one) t email [" ] website newsletter [ Section D In the space below, write one sentence of between 12 and 20 words, suggesting how council funds should be used. [Total: 8] eucLEs 2018 ostozvons [Turn overExercise 4 Read the following article abuul the construction of a powerful radio telescope, and then compiete thd notes on the opposite page. RADIO TELESCOPE COULD DETECT ALIENS IN: SPACE ‘Astronomers are planning to build an amazing. radio telescope to discover whether there is alien life in outer space. It will be powerful enough to detect transmissions from any planet up to fifty light years away from Earth. This telescope will have 3,000 separate radio dishes and antennae all linked together, making it extremely powerful. British astronomers have been appointed to oversee its design and construction, and they predict that it will be thousands of times more sensitive than any radio telescope already in existence. “"We know that the universe is incredibly vast and contains hundreds of billions of stars,” says Robert Samford, the director of the radio. telescope project. “However, at present’ we can only see a fraction of what is out there. We would like to explore the furthest and most inaccessible regions of space.” More than twenty countries will share the estimated £1.4 billion cost of the building of the radio telescope. Two possible sites have been chosen, one in Western Australia and one in South Africa. Both sites have to be in the southern hemisphere because this will give a direct line of sight into the heart of the Milky Way, our home galaxy. ‘The primary purpose of the radio telescope will be to detect any alien civilisation advanced enough to have radio. Such a sophisticated civilisation would have powerful radar and radio stations, and the signals from these stations would automatically be detected by the new telescope. However, this is just one of several key tasks that the radio telescope will perform. It will also try to create a map of the entire universe, showing the positions of more than a billion galaxies. Robert Samford adds, “This will be the most comprehensive mapping exercise ever conducted, and we are confident OUCLES 2018, that the result will show us precisely where in the universe all these galaxies are located”, ‘Astronomers also hope that the project will help them understand “dark energy”, the force that makes the universe expand at an ever- increasing rate. The true nature of this “dark energy” is currently a mystery to even the most knowledgeable astronomers. A final task will be to pick up the faint radiation left over from the formation of the first stars, galaxies and black holes. The radio telescope will be used to gather radiation released more than 13 billion years ago. Astronomers working on the project have estabiished some rules for the construction of the telescope. It must be built on a site completely free from radio interference. In addition, the host country must guarantee that it will prohibit the construction of any other mobile phone, radio or TV masts nearby for up to 50 years. This will reduce the number of suitable locations because there are iew areas remaining in the world which are free from such masts. One suggestion is that the radio telescope could possibly be placed in a desert. ‘The design of the radio telescope will enable t to produce 100 times more data than is currently moving around the internet, and it will need the world’s most powerful supercomputer to analyse this information. ostoravomsYou are going to give a talk to your schoot's science club about the radio telescope. ie Prepare-some notes to use as the basis for your talk. -~ Make your notes under each heading. Technical features of the radio telescope powerful enough to detect distant transmissions [Total:9] | - oucLEs 2013 ostozvons. ‘i [Turn over10 Exercise 5 Read the following article about selabrities and people who are famous. On the opposite page, a summary about the problems of being a celebrity or a famous person. Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You shoul use your own words as far as possible. ‘You will receive up to 6 marks for the content of your summary, and up to § marks for the style ang accuracy of your language. IT’S NOT ALL FUN BEING FAMOUS It you ask people why they want to be famous, they all give you the same reasons — lots of money, recognition and a glamorous lifestyle. Anybody ‘who watches TV or reads glossy magazines knows that fame is accompanied by what people call the ‘good things’ in lite. This could be money, cars, jewellery or anything that is necessary to lve in luxury. However, for all its benefits, fame has its disadvantages. Celebrities, those people who get all the media attention and who are easily recognised in eociety, may find it difficult to keep their personal lives private. The private lives of celebrities are revealed by the ‘media for all to see, and people always want to know what they are doing. This curiosity goes beyond 2 genuine interest in their professional lives and becomes an unhealthy interest in the most intimate details of their personal lives. From the media point of view, news about celebrities sells magazines. The media cannot leave them alone and often stretch the ‘ruth to the limit. f celebrities cough, people speculate that they have a disease; if they sit by themselves, they are considered to be lonely. Sometimes celebrities have to learn how to cope with the problem of stories ‘which misrepresent them, The fact is that people want to read something controversial about famous people, and so the newspapers print whatever information they have ‘managed to collect. As one Kenyan newspaper editor argues, “Celebrities should actually be happy if we ‘write about ther ives. After al, itis free publicity for them.” eUcLES 2013 In response, Kenya's music star, Amani, says, “AS soon as you are a public figure, everything about you is ppubiic. The price you pay for being famous is high, and yyou need to try to focus on What you do, not the negative stories in the press.” ‘Another of the problems that celebrities face is that people will never allow them to be normal. People think that everything they do must be perfect, which is impossible. They are supposed to be superheroes, and itis dificu to live up to these expectations. ‘Moreover, in a world where the media will pay large sums of money for persona information about famous people, a celebrity can find it dificult to trust ‘other people, even if itis someone they believe to bea friend. Famous peopie can nover be sure that they are loved and admired for themselves rather than for the benefits that association with a famous person can bring, must be said that not all celebrities are in the public eye simply because they are exceptionally attractive for because they have the talent to entertain. By ‘contrast, some people became famous bevause they inspired’ us. People lke the artist Michelangelo, the playwright Shakespeare or the scientist Marie Curie, ‘who discovered radium, all made a difference to our lives. Mother Teresa became an international figure because of her humility and goodness. In reality, celebrities have to adopt two different personalities, the public and the private, They must learn to deal with the gossip and attention from the ‘media. They may try to ignore the negative stories which are written about them, but they rarely have the ‘chance to defend themselves in public. ostaravontsn (Total: 11] euctes 2019, ostozvonvia [urn’over12 Exercise 6 You recently arranged a surprise event for a member of your family Write a letter to a friend about the event. tn your letter you should + say who the event was for, and why + describe how you arranged the event + explain how the family member reacted to the surprise. ‘The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you should try fo use some ideas of your own. ‘Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address. ‘You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your fetter, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. euciEs 2019 ostozvonia13 Tota 19] euctes 2013 ostozvonuis [urn over4 Exercise 7 Many books have been made into Some people sa that itis bster to watch the fm rater than ead the orignal Book Here are some comments from your friends on the subject: Asa reader my mind is active. Thhave to use my imagination. — Films have the graphios which young people love. It takes more effort ‘There’s nothing more enjoyable to read a book. ‘than reading a good book. Write an article for your schoo! magazine giving your views. Your article should be between 150 and 200-words long: ‘The comments above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. ouctes 2013 ostovonis15 (Total: 19] eucLEs 2019 ostoravionvts16 BLANK PAGE a BY ‘emis repodice toms wha Fiery omed mela proleed by cop aus has ban sug an ered whore pose, Ea Feasonab art hs teen mae by fh pbtaer{UCLES) fo wace coy Nl, Bt ay Hons requir lerarcs nave arming bon Ae tah wtb lasso masse sti poets opporune LUnbeaty of Camtieineraton! Examination is prt ne Carte Assesment Grou. Cambridge Aasosument she rand name of Unive ‘Camere toc! Eran Sys (UCLES), whch ala Separont of he Unveroy of Carri. eucies 2013 ostorvonsTAVITA UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS, International General Certificate of Secondary Education ESSON TD CANDIDATE NAME He CENTRE CANDIDATE NUMBER NUMBER. ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/23 Paper 2 Reading and Writing (Extended) ‘May/June 2013 2hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. ‘No Additional Materials are required. - READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST ‘Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in, Write in dark blue oF black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fui. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. ‘Answer all questions. Dictionaries are not allowed. {At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. ‘The number of marks is given in brackets {Jat the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 15 printed pages and/1 blank page. bo (owrsw) sor7e UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE OUCLES 2013, International Examinations [Tin overExercise 1 Read the following description of the capital city of the USA, and then answer opposite page. 18 questions on the DISCOVER WASHINGTON DC ‘Washington DC offers visitors a wealth of interesting things to see and do. in the 1790s, the first US President, George Washington, moved his national government there. Since then avenues and impressive monuments have given the city its unique style. Many politicians live in the city, and it has a mixture of international influences. This can be seen everywhere in art, culture, and food and drink. Getting around The quickest and easiest way to get around the city is by metro bus. These buses run on 338 routes throughout the city, and many are powered by natural gas or electricity as part of the city’s eco-friendly project. For just $1 you can take the popular ‘DC Circulator’, which travels on three specific routes designed to allow passengers to ‘hop on and off” at points of interest. The yellow line travels east to west, from Georgetown to Union Station; the red line runs north to south along the historic 7 Street, and the purple line goes around the National Mail at the weekends and stops at all the most important museums and galleries. ‘Touring the city If you really want to investigate the city’s rich and varied history, then your stay in Washington DC should definitely include a tour. There are many unusual and highly entertaining tours to take by bus, bike or alternatively on foot. The organisation ‘Cultural Tourism DC’ offers several self- guided tours, including the ‘US Civil War’ experience, and a neighbourhood tour of Broadway land the waterfront. However, for something more extraordinary, you could try the ‘Spy Drive’ ‘our and listen as intelligence and security experts from the US military describe where spies used to operate. At one time there were more spies living and working in Washington DC than anywhere else in the world. Visit the cathedral Make a behind-the-scenes visit to the National Cathedral, and climb to the top of the towerTours cost $10 but the view you get is worth it The cathedral is located on the highest point within the city, from where visitors can see for many kilometres into Virginia and Maryland. For sports enthusiasts a Baseball is one of America’s favourite pastimes and the Washington Nationals are one of the newest teams in the Major Baseball League, with one of the most ‘modern stadiums. April to September is the baseball season and family groups can buy discounted tickets for league matches at the Nationals Ballpark. Don’t forget your camera because from the upper deck of the ballpark, along with the cheering spectators, you will have excellent views of the Capitol Building and the ‘Washington Monument. euciEs 2013 ostorzanuats3 (a) When did George Washington establish his government? (©) Why do the metro buses run on natural gas and electricity? {d)_ What are passengers permitted to do on the ‘DC Circulator’ routes? (e) Which bus line should tourists take to the famous museums? (9) By vihich two modes of transport might visitors go on a city tour? = conned] (0) What do people learn about spies on the ‘Spy Drive' tour? (h) Who can watch baseball matches at a reduced cost? tt] (From where can spectators see the Capitol Building particularly well? [1] Total: 9} evcLes 013 ostorzannars [Turn overExercise 2 Read the following article about hidde: ‘questions on the opposite page. asure in a tempie in the south of India, and thi 7 answer the It was jus ike @ scene from the popul ‘of Doom’. Even though experts had onl rooms beneath the largest temple in wvered many valuable items including gold statues and precious silver It is estimated that the centuries-old treasure stored there will eventually be worth more than twenty billion dollars. An official of the temple admitted thot they had known all along that offerings presented by worshippers over the last 500 yeors had been lying buried in these secret underground rooms. However, they were definitely surprised at the vast quantity of treasure discovered in the first five rooms. The whole population of Kerala has haan celebrating this extraordinary find. Its discovery hos made the Padmanabha Swami temple, located in the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram, the richest temple in all of India, During the past few months, o team of locksmiths appointed by India’s Supreme Court hos managed to open five of the six secure underground storerooms. They have revealed an enormous hoard of treasure: jewellery covered in diomonds and hundreds of antique silver The original temple dates back to the 10! century, but the peasant massive granite structure ‘wos builtin the 18" century after the King of Travencors expanded his kingdom. Historically, the temple has been for the use of the king ond the royal family. Over the years, however, valuable offerings have been placed in the underground rooms. These hove come not ee ‘only from royal families in Kerala, but also from milfions sons of ordinary citizens. One gilt, apparently donated by o cae ‘wealthy merchant, consists of two golden coconut shells cf dota) 9 decorated with precious stones. ‘he storerooms containing the donations have remained 1 locked over the years. They were last opened in the, 1930s, so that a detailed list of all the contents could! ° be made by servants of the royal family at that time, room rogm roam roam 102™ Now, however, the Supreme Court of India has ordered Lnderaround storeooms’ a fresh check of the treasure as a result of an important legal dispute, which has not yet been resolved. Alawyer representing the government has challenged the current head of the royal family. On behalf of the government, he is claiming that the family is not competent to manage the enormous ‘wealth of the temple and to keep the treasure adequately secure. ‘The unopened room has special locks, and the authorities are getting experts to examine them carefully before trying to open the room without bredking the locks. They hope to be able to ‘open the last room soon. The entire operation is toking ce under heuvy police guard, and nothing is being Fimed or photographed, because taking photos within the temple is strictly prohibited. The Chief Minister of Kerala Stote has rejected oll demands that the treasure should be used for the public benefit. He argues that it belongs to the temple and is determined to ensure that it must continue to be preserved inthe underground storerooms the OUCLES 2013 ostorzanns5 (a) Where has the treasure in the temple been stored? (b) What was surprising for temple officials? (©) What Have the locksmitfis'succeatied in doing soar? At (@) According to the bar chart, in which room was the most treasure discovered and what is its estimated value? walt] (e): When-was the present temple built? () Apart from royal families, who has donated valuable items to the temple? Give two details. (g) For what purpose were the storerooms opened in the 1930s? (b) What are the Incian governments complaints against the royal family? Give two details. (2) (i) What do the expert locksmiths necd %6'do first?” (What valuable offerings have been stored beneath the temple over many years? Give details of four different kinds of treasure. [4] [otal 19] OUCLES 2013, ostozanuts [Tum overExercise 3 Since leaving schoo! at the end of last year, Brenda Tan has been working as an assistant in her fathers florist shop, Tan's Blooms, at 26 Roberts Road, 248160, Singapore, not fat from where she lives with her family at 12B Mayfair Apartments, Lemon Grove Road, 247452. Brenda spends most of her working day making elaborate flower arrangements ready for delivery to customers for weddings and other celebrations. She is particularly good at choosing the best colours, and varieties of flowers, and her fathor hopes that-before long she will take over from him as manager of the shop. However, Brenda's heart is not in the business of flower arranging. Already, at the age of 19, she is showing considerable potential as an artist, and she sketches and paints people and scenery whenever she gets the chance. In 2011, while stil at school, she won first prize in a national art competition with her still-life watercolour composition of roses in a shop window. Her greatest ambition Js to become a professional artist after first receiving training at one of the famous art colleges in the USA, the UK or Australia. She regularly reads the monthly ‘World of Art’ magazine for news of any relevant opportunities which might help her achieve her ambition. ‘You can imagine her excitement when she recently saw an advertisement in the daily newspaper for an exhibition of works of art by young amateur artists to be held later this year at the National Art Gallery of Singapore. Entries are invited from men and women under the age of 25 working in any art form. Applicants should submit one or more pieces of their own work to be shown in the exhibition. All the works accepted for display will be judged by a panel of experts from the Courtauld Institute of Art in London, and the artists responsible for the two dest pieces will be offered scholarships to study for three years at the Institute. Brenda is determined to have her work shown at the exhibition and is doubly excited at the chance of receiving professional training in London. She has started to work on.two paintings, which she plans to submit with her application. One is a portrait of an old lady selling flowers, and the other a picture of fish at the market. Both are being painted in watercolours, which Brenda uses in preference to oil paint. ‘On her application, Brenda has decided to put her home address and home telephone number, 6572 4831, instead of the shop number, 6548 7829. However, her father has advised her to use the email address of the shop, tan.blooms@ busnet.sg, as this is more businesslike than her own personal one. Imagine you are Brenda Tan. Fill in the application form on the opposite page, using the information above. euctEs 2013 ostozants|7 eee YOUNG ARTISTS’ EXHIBITION: ome ‘Application form for exhibitors 7 SECTION A - Personal details Full name: ..... cas oe Age’ Address: Telephone number: Email address: Current status: (please undertine one) school student university student employee -—_ self-employed Name and address of place of study / work: SECTION B — Details of exhibits Number of pieces of work submitted: (please circle) Ae i2i i. 8) 0h 4. 45 morethan 4 Chosen art form: (please tick as many_as appropriate) | sculpture pottery oilpainting watercolour mat Give atbrief description of the.work(s) which you are submitting Haive you taken patina previous art compettion? (please delete) YESING Ifyes, please giv deta of the competion: SECTION In the space below, write one sentence of between 12 and 20 words describing your future ambition. i [Total: 8] eucLEs 2019, ostoreanuuts [urn overExercise 4 Read the following article about a scheme to use the forc electricity, and then compiete the notes on the opposite page. t= 7 \ THE POWER OF WATER - < the beautiful scenery of the Peak District in the centre of England attracts visitors, . from around the world. But now a less obvious tourist attraction has appeared among, the lovely hills and villages. The new landmark at ‘Torr Rise is a mini power-station containing a 12-tonne steel cylinder, shaped like a screw, which is made to tevolve by fast- flowing water. This cylinder is the key part of a new type of mini power-station, which can generate enough electricity for 70 homes. And this is not the only mini power-station in the country. Across the UK, Community groups ate using thei local rivers to create electzcity. Falling water can turn a cylinder in the same way as high pressure steam in a conventional power station. In addition to a cylinder, you need a river with a reasonably good flow of water and a sinall ‘man-made waterfall called a ‘weir. Weirs are common in the UK and engineers are now using them, to generate clean, green power. There are an estimated 10,000 weirs on UK rivers, and government figures suggest that mini power- stations could generate about 3% of the UK’ electricity. The unite could be built at abandoned factories where water pressure was previously used! to turn huge wheels which provided the power for machinery. : [Atone of these old factories, the revolving cylinder has replaced the original waterwheel, As water falling from the river cashes Gown on the eylinder, it turns and generates 70 kilowatts of ciectrciy. Mini power-stations like this are probably the most efficient way to generase electricity, siice up to 85% of the energy created as the water hits the eylinder is converted to electrical power. The water then returns to the aver. ‘The factory and the cylinder at Tore Rise are owned by a group of more than 200 local people, ‘who have jointly invested their mofey to help build the mini power-station. ‘The group is given money by the government in return for producing renewable energy, and the government is also investing in further sites along the siver. Many more similar projects are planned to open soon, although some residents have complained about the increased noise levels coming from these mini power-stations. Fishermen have also objected that these mini power-stations could reduce the number of fish by blocking their movement up and down rivers. They divert water from parts of the river, which threatens the survival of the small plants and creatures that fish feed on. The fishermen also claim that the mini power-staions prevent the movement of species such as salmon and eels, which migrate up and down the sivers. , (On the other hand, supporters of the mini power-stations say that these schemes are approved by ‘the government. Fish can safely swim past the cylinder on their way down the fiver, while ‘fish ladders’ can be provided to help fish cross weirs when travelling upstream. “Tourists have always enjoyed the rivers of the Peak District. Now a new type of visitor, the eco-tourst, is arziving in the area to admire the latest ‘green technology of the mini power-stations. euciEs zis ostozsnwuris aN9 You have been asked to give a short talk to the environmental protection group at your Schoo! | jy ‘about mini power-stations. Prepare some notes to use as the basis of your talk, Make your notes under each heading. oucLEs 2013 ostozans [urn over10 Exercise 5 Read the MSF. towing description of a health centre in Nigeria run by the internationat medical organisation, (On the opposite page, write a summary of the difficult living conditions of the people living on the lagoon AND of the help received from MSF. Your summary should be about 160 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You should use your own words as far as possibl You will receive up to 6 marks for the content of your summary, and up to § marks for the style and accuracy of your language. FLOATING CLINIC How do you improve healthcare when there is no land for a clinic and your patients live on water? ‘The Makoko lagoon is a large body of water on the outskirts of Lagos, Africa's fastest growing city. Newcomers have created a densely packed settlement, with wooden huts set on stilts over the brown ‘water, linked by shaky wooden walkways. There are shops, schools and places of worship, but until MSF arrived, sick people had to travel a long way to the nearest healthcare centre on the mainland, ‘The settlement on the lagoon is where some of the 2,000 daily arrivals from rural Nigeria and neighbouring countries come to live. Itis in this overcrowded location that MSF has opened its unique floating clinic. For the international medical staff to establish a project in this environment was an enormous challenge, ‘They were surrounded by many different cultures and ethnic groups. Most people were immigrants from the neighbouring country of Benin. Every year, more and more arrived and built homes on the lagoon because it was the only place where they could settie. Whenever anybody fell ill or had an accident which needed medical attention, they had to make a long and difficuit journey to a doctor. Most victims lived so far out on the lagoon that it could take a long time to reach the nearest health centre on the mainland. At times, there was no suitable boat available to transport the patient over the water. So, instead of expecting the peuple t go to the clinic, MSP brought the clinic to them, ‘The MSF team had to start by establishing a close relationship with the local community. The traditional leaders responded by supplying them with workers, and the construction of the clinic helped the medical staff to be accepted by the community. The local crew were experts. They firmly lodged wooden posts seven feet underwater and fixed them with cross beams for a foundation. In a short space of time, the clinic was established and began to work. With two rooms for consultations, a small pharmacy and an outside platform, it can safely hold 40 patients and eight staff at a time. Now, early every morning, a crowd gathers on the platform. There are mothers with children, pregnant ‘women, old men and teenagers. Most can be treated on the spot, but for serious cases, members of staff have set up an emergency service to take patients to larger’clinics on land. For this they simply use @ small boat with an engine, which they call the water ambulance. Maternal healthcare has been a particular focus for the clinic. Staff at the clinic proudly say that they are able to nurse sick expectant mothers back to full health so that they can give birth to their babies quite safely, Moreover, having a baby is less risky when the water ambulance is available if complications arise, ‘The head nurse acknowledges that at first she was amazed that anybody could actually be living on the lagoon. Now, as she looks at the watery surroundings, she says how glad she is herself to be living as. part of this community. evotes aos ostorzanurts" [Totat: 11} eucLES 2013, ostorzauuts [Turn over12 Exercise 6 You recently met and talked to a person who is famous in your country. wri a letter to a rel ive, describing what happened. In your letter you should: ‘+ give details of the famous person and where you met + explain what you talked about * describe how you felt afterwards. ‘The pictures above may give you some ideas, but you are free to use any ideas of your own. Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your letter, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. euciEs 2013 ostozanurs13 [Total: 19} euctes 2013 ostozsnuits [Turn over4 Exercise 7 ‘The government is proposing to build a new highway passing close to the place where you live, ‘The local newspaper has invited people to express their views. Here are some of the comments already made: “tll be able to visit my cousins much more easily on this road.” “Think about all the farmland that we'll lose.” “There will be lots of new “Tt is already polluted where I five; this will make. it worse.” jobs and businesses.” Write an article for the newspaper, giving your opinion about the proposal. “The comments above may give you some ideas, but you are free to use any ideas of your own, Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. eucies 2019 ostozanauts15 Total: 19) OUCLES 2019 ostozamuria16 BLANK PAGE Famine wo epccis tae whore tic-pary owed mal poised by cpt enced fs been sou ad doared whore posable. Every fran at hasbeen mod yt pubic (UCLES) to bac Copy oles Bu ay a ogg rance Rave ur bean nd Dibleher wb plese oma sera eats posse oppor. ‘Unie Cabs rematon Exannaons i at fe Cabrige Assesment Group. Canige Assessment tho brand name of Unversyo ‘Canons Loa Exar Saat (UCLES) whch sa department fe Urvesy fCanbige. eucies 2013, ostozanurrsAHA UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS | International General Certificate of Secondary Education Ws ee CANDIDATE NAME NUMBER NUMBER, CENTRE CANDIDATE | | | ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/22 Paper 2 Reading and Writing (Extended) May/June 2013 2houre Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required, READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST ‘Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in, Write in dark blu or black pon. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. ‘Answer all questions, Dictionaries are not allowed. ‘At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. ‘The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] al the end of each question or part question ‘This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. Do qua) sarees UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE © UCLES 2013 International Examinations [Turn overExercise 1 Read the following loatlot about diving holidays, and then anewor the questions an the opposite page, Diving Holidays DHAIDE HOpgsne Rangiroa, Polynesia Rangiroa means ‘long sky’ and itis an enormous coral reef enclosing a lagoon. Two channels allow the Pacific waters Inco and out of the lagoon twice dally whan the tides ‘ura. Divers can be carried through the channels by the incoming tide and swim in with many reef sharks, dolphins and manta rays. Is highly exciting diving! Dive details: dive with The Si Professionals and stay ina locally run hotel such as the Blue Lagoon for around £60.a ight Sulawesi, Indonesia Everyone will be fascinated by the greatest varity of ‘marine life on Earth that can only be found inthe dive sites around the small islands off Sulawesi. Here you can find tiny seahorses, lacworms, healthy coral and more fish than anyone can name. Staying with Ann Rose and her team at Diver's Dream s unforgettable. Faruculary memorable are the evening meal, when everyone talks about the fish and. sharks and where they plan to dive the next day. Dive details: accommodation at Diver's Dream is £20 a right. Diving costs £50 for a dive with a maximum of two divers per guide. ‘The Mataives “The best way to see the Maldives is on a boat: you can make 2s many as four dives a day and it works out as good value for money, The Maldives still has che best all-round diving in the Indian Ocean, and che adventure begins the minute you are picked up from the airport for a speedboat Fido ta the dive boat. Manta rays live around the islands all the year, but you are only guaranteed to see them between ‘May and September. when they come closer to the shore. Dive details: Maldves Scubo Experiences run two ‘excellent boats ~ Mermaid and Sea Queen. Special ‘expeditions are offered where divers can help with manta ray research, £1,450 for a week’ all-inclusive diving Little Cayman, British West indies Lede Cayman is small - about 15 kilometres long — with a population of just 200 permanent residents, although this hhumber doubles during the diving season. On the northern shore there are amazing sheer coral reefs, which reach ‘down 2,000 metres. The view from the reef wall makes your head spin the frst time you swim over the edge because the water is so incredibly clear. Ie is nota place ‘to go to see big fsh or many sharks, but its wonderfully ‘relaxing: ou can dive in warm water and the conditions are not dangerous. Dive details: Expect to pay £400 for a week's diving. ‘Accommodation costs between £1,000 and £2,000 per week. At the top of this range isthe Coral Hotel, the most luxurious place to stay on Litle Cayman, OUCLES 2013(a) (b) (co) @ ) @ (9) (h) 3 ‘According to the leaflet, which three sea creatures are carried into the Rangiroa lagoon Fe con the tide? exanners [1] How much does it cost to stay at the Blue Lagoon for one night? = | ao (ty! What is unique about the dive sites around Sulawesi? ‘What do guests discuss during meals at Diver's Dream? How do you travel from the airport to the dive boat in the Maldives? When can you be sure of seeing manta rays in the Maldives? ; | 1] Why might you feel light-headed when swimming over the coral reefs near Little Cayman? [1] When does the population of Little Cayman increase? 1) Why is the Coral Hotel the most expensive place to stay? 1 [Totai: 9] euctes 2013 staan [Turn overExercise 2 Read the following article about childr and play, and then answor the quostions on the oppesite page, Children used to be able to play freely, exploring and interacting with the natural world with ile ar 9 supervision hy adults. Children from around the world were free to invent games of their own, Nowadays however, we control the lives of our children much ‘more, giving them fewer opportunities for free play “Today, some parents are afraid for their children’s safety when they leave the house on their own. Many | children in England used to spend hours playing on | their bikes, having all sorts of adventures, but this, js now considered too dangerous. Some working, families can't care for their children afterschool, 0 the children have to stay indoors or attend supervised after-school activities, Children’s lives have become more closely organised by adults, who believe that participation ina sport or some extra lessons will make their children more successful when they grow up. ‘The result is that some children have little time for play any more and when they do it’s often spent in front of the television or computer. Inthe past, children in Brazil played a game which involves spinning a large sced with a hole in it to create a seream-like noise, They rarely play this game nowadays. Studies show that outdoor environments help all people by reducing stress and creating a general feeling of well-being, The natural world is essential for the emotional health of children. Just as children need positive contact with adults, they also need positive ‘contact with nature and the chance to experience the sense of wonder that it offers. When children play in the open air, they are more likely to have positive feelings about each other and their surroundings. They are able 10 use elements of the natural environment to create games with each other. In Korea, for example, children can be found using something as simple as, stones to play a great game called ‘jacks’ eUcLES 2079 CHILDREN AND PLAY : Outdoor environments are also important for children's development of independence. When playing outside, children can gradually increase the distance from the adult who is looking after them. Although they can develop some independence indoors, children are more able to experiment with independence in the open ar. ‘Adults are ten more willing to trust their children, ‘an essential element in confidence-building which improves the relationship between child and parent. Omdoors, children have more opportunities to use all their senses. They have greater freedom not only to run, ‘and shout, but also to interact withthe environment. Spanish children, for example, enjoy a very active ‘game known as “colour, tle colour’, in which a Teader names a colour, and then the other children have to rush to look for something of that colour. ‘Activities which may not be allowed indoors are perfectly acceptable outdoors: children are free to play ‘messy games out in the open air that just wouldn't be permitted in the home. Reasons why children don’t play outdoors ee 10% ot 38% 30% Notime I Too men senoot work [Rather watch TV or lay computer games No opportunities for outdoor activity nary Children experience the natural environment differently from adults. Adults typically see nature as background to what they are doing, whereas for children itis a hands-on experience. One researcher says, “AHI the manufactured equipment and all the indoor instructional games cannot substitute forthe experience of direct interaction with nature.” ‘Asa parent concludes, “These expensive toys cannot replace the sensation where a child’ attention is suddenly captured by'the sparkle of sunlight through Teaves, the sound and motion of plants in the wind, or the gentle noise of water flowing by.” osiorzanus(a) Why could children play freely in the past? (b) What must some children do after schoo! if both parents work? {c) What do adults believe will help their children to achieve more in later life? (d) According to the article, why is it good for everybody to spend time outdoors? (e)_ What are the emotional benefits that children experience when spending time outdoors? Give two detail. au[2] () How do adults react when their children become more independent? tt] (g) What can children do outdoors that wouldn't be permitted indoors? Give two details. wo{ 1] (h) According to the chart, what is the second most common reason why children do not play outdoors? | ro (What is the difference in the way that adults and children experience nature? (@)_ What is the researcher's view of educational games? (4) Children around the world have always been creative in finding ways to play outside. Give four different countries AND details of the activities. [4] (Total: 15] ouctes 2013 ostorzonurts [Turn overExercise 2 ‘Agung Aletas tives at Jalan Bandra No. 45, Bandung 40265, in ndoncala. Howaver, hs will coon be jeaving home to go to Eastern University which is just over 200 kilometres away. He hopes to begin his studies in archaeology in January 2014. Naturally he is excited, but he is also quite nervous because he is the first person in his family to go to university. He was therefore pleased to accept an invitation to attend a one-day course, designed to give information about university life. The course was held at the university itself, and Agung’s aunt offered to drive him there. She had always wanted to see the city where the university is located. Agung made sure that his aunt had his mobile phone number, 0832472411, so that she could contact him easily. The course was held in a large room to accommodate the many prospective students who were attending. Unfortunately, it was quite dificult to hear some of the things that were being sald, and the room was rather cold. The tutor gave a presentation about a typical day at the university, and Agung found this really interesting. He would have liked to know whether any efforts were made to prepare vegetarian focd, but he didn't get a chance to ask because there wasn't really an opportunity for questions during the presentation. By the time the question session came at the end, he had forgotten. Pictures were shown of the student rooms and they looked very comfortable. However, Agung was a little concerned; it seemed that the heating was controlled centrally and students could not set the temperature that they wanted in their own rooms. Agung hates being cold, and he hoped that the temperature would be set at a high level. He made a note to himself that maybe he should bring some warm clothes and blankets. After the presentation, everyone was given the opportunity to get together in smaller groups for a short tour of the main teaching areas of the university. This was a great idea ant Agung felt really excited ‘when he saw the well-equipped lecture halls. Further details about the layout of the university were included in the useful and informative handouts. After the tour, course participants were given further information about academic requirements and Agung wasn't so happy to hear that if work was not handed in exactly on time, then it would not be marked. He always seemed to have a problem with meeting deadlines. Aer the course finished, Agung was met by his aunt, who had enjoyed herself in the city. She was pleased to hear that the course had been a success for Agung, although he did say that he had found itrather long and that it could have been done in a shorter space of time. His aunt was very glad that it had been quite long as that had given her plenty of time to do lots of shopping. Imagine you are Agung. the form on the opposite page, using the information above. evcies 2013 ostozenurrs‘Introduction to university life’ Section A: Personal details Full name: Address: Mobile/cell number: How far have you travelled to attend this course? (please circle) under 100 kilometres 100-150 kilometres 151-200 kilometres more than 200 kilometres, How did you travel to the coursé? (please tick) (eal Se lee [a ae [eo Have any other members of your family attended this university? (please delete) YES/NO Proposed date of entry to the university: Proposed course of study: Section B: Course details Please comment briefly on: (i) the room in which your course was delivered (i) the handouts the length of the course Would you recommend this course to others? (please underline) ‘Yes, without hesitation Yes, but with some reservations No Section C In the space below, write one sentence of between 12 and 20 words explaining any acadernic worries that you stil have after attending the course. (Total: 8) UCLES 2013, ostozenuurta [Turn overExercise 4 Read the following article about the eyes page. ‘of birda, and then complete the notes on the opposite A BIRD’S-EYE VIEW ' Birds have an amazing view of the world, but that’s not just because they fly above it, Birds have truly astonishing eyesight. In fact, the clarity with which they see the world is similar to that of humans. But birds actually process the information they see much faster than humans and they can spot movement much bette. Aird!’ eyeballs may seem tiny, but a large part of the eye is hidden by the bird's eyelid and skull. ‘The eye is one of the largest parts of a bird's head and can sometimes even weigh more than a bird's brain. Its estimated that a bird’s eyeballs account for about 15% of the weight of the head. In contrast, a human’s eyes account for only about 19% ofthe total weight of the head. Birds’ sight is specially adapted for their own individual needs. Human eyes work together as a pair to see straight ahead, but with birds, each eye can also see independently of the other eye. This is the reason why different bird species have eyes in different positions. The pigeon has eyes Con the side of itshead. This means itis capable of seeing almost everywhere around it apart from ireutly above the head. The woodcock’s eyes are situated closer to the top of the head and the bird can therefore see what's behind it. It can still see what isin front and above the head as well. Birds that catch fish sometimes have eyes set lower on the head so that they’ can see what's below them. This helps birds such as cormorants to skim the water and see the fish below the surface, Cf course the eagle is famous for its vision, and the bald eagle has astounding visual capabilities. An eagle's eye is almost as large as a human eye, but it has perfect vision that is four times sharper than a human's. This majestic bird can see both forward and to the side, and focus on both at the same time. A hawk can see a mouse on the ground from a distance of over two kilometres. Even more iinpressive is the fact that birds can see in colour. Scientists believe that birds see colour in much the same way as humans do, but a bird’s eyeball is more compiex than ours. They have a special area in the eye which contains coloured droplets of oil. The quantity of oil and the location and colour of the droplets of oil vary from. species to species. This indicates that even Colour vision for birds is specially designed for thelr individual needs. For example, a kinglsies hhas more oil droplets than most birds. Scientists think the extra droplets help kingfishers block some of the bright glare from the water when they are fishing for food. A pigeon has drops of bright yellow oil in the bottom portion of its eyeball. Scientists believe this might help to dull the brightness of the blue sky during flight, — We often speak of having ‘a bird's-eye view’. This can take on new meaning when we realise just how sophisticated their vision really i. ItS easy to understand how even the smallest human movement can cause birds feeding nearby to fly away. Bird-watching humans ‘will still keep spying and birds will still spot Us. After all, they do have the advantage of a birds-eye view. euctes203 ostorzonuarra9 ‘You have been asked to give a short talk to your school science club about the eyesight of birds. Prepare some notes to Use as the basis of your talk, lxannere Make your notes under each heading. Visual skills of specific birds + Pigeons can see all around them. Reasons why birds have oil droplets in their eyes (Total: 9] euCLES 2013 ostorzanaurts [Turn over10 Exercise 5 Read the following article about ebooks, which are electronic versions of printed books. On the ‘opposite page, write a summary about the advantages AND disadvantages of ebooks. Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You should Use your own words as far as possible. You will receive up to 6 marks accuracy of your ianguage. the content of your summary, and up to 5 marks for the style and EBOOKS AAs with any newly available technological product, the ebook is causing (JJ plenty of excitement around the globe. Ebooks can’be stored and read on _[+——} a variety of electronic devices including laptop computers, mobile phones 4 ‘and specialist handheld devices. What was once a thing of science tiction is now widely available to the general public in a variety of styles, and Jf sales of electronic devices are rocketing. The ebook has both advantages and disadvantages in comparison to the printed book, and whether you love it or hate it, the ‘ebook is here to stay. (One of the main advantages of buying an ebook to read is that it is inexpensive. There are ‘ho printing costs, storage fees or postage involved. Therefore, prices can remain low, which is always an attractive proposition for both the consumer and the publisher. The device which ‘stores ebOOkS Is also quite small, which makes il very easy lv catty. A slandard device can hold iterally thousands of ebooks. This means a wealth of information and entertainment can be stored in an economical way. One of the reasons that regular readers give for buying ebooks is that they are so useful when travelling, There is no need to worry about the weight of books in luggage or the space they occupy. The problem of not having enough to read when in a foreign country disappears. A because any ebook can be chosen and as soon as the payment is processed tha ebook can be downloaded in an instant. Zocoks can also be read in poor light as many dovices have a built- in light, which makes thom fantaatic for travelling and night-time roading, Itis also worth noting that ebooks can be written in a special code which means that any ebook. can be translated into one of many languages by using simple commands. This has made them. popular prizes in online competitions. Many students enjoy using screens more than using pen and paper, and so ebooks can be fa particularly good way of attracting reluctant readers. Such students may also enjoy the ‘scripting opportunities’, which give the reader the chance to choose their own ending to the story, Of course, no forests need tc be chopped down to provide paper for ebooks; the ebook is proving to be beneficial environmentally as well However, not everything is better in the world of ebooks. They cannot be shared as easily as printed books. Once downloaded to the device, they are yours to keep but cannot legally be transferred. For people who enjoy the printed page, the ebook may feel strange to read. Reading from a ‘screen might not fee! as familiar and cornfortable as reading from a book. A paper book can be ‘opened and the pages flicked through; no technical knowledge is needed. However, it may take ‘some time to learn how to find your way around an ebook device. In addition, ebook devices have an uncertain life span. Paper lasts much longer than most digital forms of storage. Technology is constantly changing and so itis difficult to judge whether the software or hardware will become outdated, and the reader could then be left with a collection of books that is no longer accessible. For the enthusiastic reader and collector of books, this thought may be just enough for them to decide to continue buying paper books and resist ihe idea of the ebook.it Total: 11] euctes 2019 ostozonuuns [Turn over12 Exercise 6 You need to borrow something from a friend for a special purpose. Write a letter to your friend asking if you can borrow this item. In your letter you should, ‘say what you need to borrow and how long you need it for © explain how you will use it + offer to do something for them in return. ‘The pictures above may give you some ideas, but you are free to use any ideas of your own. Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your letter, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. euctes 2013 ostozanuis13 [Total: 19} euciEs 2018 staan [Turn over4 Exercise 7 Your schoo! magazine i inviting students to out success an what it means to you, Here are some comments from your friends on this subject: “Success means having lols of power “If you are a good person and you and feeling important.” help others then you will succeed.” “Its only when you become rich and famous that you can be called a success.” “Working hard and doing your best will make you successful.” Write an article for your schoo! magazine giving your views about the issue. The comments above may give you some ideas, but you are free to use any ideas of your own. Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language evcis 2019 ostorzanurs15 [Total 19] eucLEs 2019, ostorzomus16 BLANK PAGE ‘omission propos toma were Bid ary owned material poled by copigh le ddbd Ras been sow and Geared where pose Every ‘rasan et has cen mae by be pub (UOLES) ace copiers, Bay Heme equng clearance hare unig been he, he [haseher wise possaaw Wane arora sme snes pons appt Univers of Cambie Itororl Examinations gro ha Carboe Assessment Group. Carérige Asses Be ban ame of Urea of ‘Sammy sca SuumnationsSyndese(UCLES), whch at &doparn ofthe Une Carre. eucies 2013, ostorzannnsAOAC A | UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education LESSONS CANDIDATE NAME ‘CENTRE CANDIDATE NUMBER NUMBER ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Paper 2 Reading and Writing (Extended) Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in Write in daric blue oF black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WAITE IN ANY BARCODES. ‘Answer all questions, Dictionaries are not allowed. {At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. ‘The number af marks is given in brackets [ jal the end of each question or part question. 0510/21 May/June 2013 2 hours, ‘This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE oc (ews) sst6718 International Examinations UCLES 2013 [Turn overExercise 1 Read the following article about an unusual health treatment, and opposite page. the quastione on the, a FEED YOUR FEET TO THE FISH Ne When people visit a spa, they normally find hot water pools, scented water and coloured lights to help them relax, or they get treatment for a variety of health problems. However, a visit to Wonderfish Spa in Hong Kong offers a very different experience. \Wonderfish Spa, situated on The Peak in Hong Kong, specialisesin an unforgettable type of treatment. During the past few years it has become a big success in the city. It was created by a spa enthusiast who thought that the unusual idea of Using fish to cure foot problems would be popular in Hong Kong. He had himself yg experienced the benefits of such treatment for the first time when he visited friends “Sy in Singapore. He had exjyed the experience very much and thought that ohers would also find it very helpful : How does a fish spa work? The treatment in a fish spa is different. At Wonderfish, people sit on the edge of a shallow pool instead of lying in deeper water, © which is what they do in an ordinary spa. Visitors put their feet into the water, which is full of small fish. The fish soon crowd 2 around the feet—in effect, the people's eet act as a form of lve bait to attract them. The treatment is essentially a foot massage, with the work done by litle fish that suck your heels, toes and the bottoms of your feet. These fish, members of the carp e family, are known as ‘doctor fish’ because they are naturally attracted to areas of the feet where there are skin problems. They gently remove dead skin toleave feet soft and moist, allowing healthy skin to grow again. A regular visitor said, “One of my children was suffering from a skin condition which was difficult to cure. After regular treatment, however, there was a real improvement.” Recommended treatment Wonderfish Spa offers two pools that can accommodate up to eight people each. You can choose between 30- and 60-minute sessions, although some regular customers go for 90 minutes each time. Kathy Liu, the manager, suggests just half an hour for beginners. “People of all ages come here ~ our youngest was a two- year-old child,” says Liu. “Some people are nervous at first, because the fish are dark and they also create shadows at the bottom of the pool. But this treatment refreshes the fect and promotes better blood circulation. I think one sescion per ‘week would be ideal.” evotes 203 storms(a) According to the article, why do people go to spas? (b) When did the owner of the Wonderfish Spa try the treatment? (c)_ How is the water level different at Wonderfish? (d)_How do the fish massage the feet? (e) What happens to skin after the treatment? [1] () How many minutes are recommended for a beginner's session? (a) Why might people be anxious about this type of treatment? Give two details. [2] (h) Apart from helping with skin conditions, what other benefits does the treatment give? Give two details. 1) (Total: 9] euctes 2019 stains {Turn overRoad the following article about using b: 1e opposite page, ranas to produce biofuel, and then answer the questions on PLANTATION POWER (On her hillside plantation on the Caribbean island of St Lucia, Leona Cecil is holding up heavy bunches of bananas, It is hard work, but she wants to make sure that none of her precious bananas fal! the ground and suffer damage. After tourism, the island’s biggest money earner is the export of bananas. However, this income has been severely reduced after Hurricane Tomas hit St Lucia three years ago, causing widespread damage to the island. ‘Owners of small farms such as Leona’s have found it difficult to compete with bigger producers from other ‘countries, The number of St Lucian farmers exporting bananas has fallen by about 80%. “lam one of the few ‘growers let -I have bunches of bananas to sell, but no foreign buyers,” Leona says. “It's hard to pay my bill.” ‘The farmers are desperate to find new sources of income, because although supermarkets are offering to buy, they are paying lower and lower prices to the farmers. Without enough foreign buyers, most bananas end up as animal feed or just simply rot away, with the result thatthe fruit is wasted. « Leo sot fot 20 ta fame SOS Lad ieee cto penne 8 woe mete sea fs mse comes anna iene eo» Sb porns panenee 16 In the past, the island's economy nas en depended on the export of bananas Now the farmers want to use the fruit 5 to provide fuel Yor their cars, boats and ° the local minibuses. If successful, the 19962000 2004 2008 2012 “banana ethanol’ project could not only Year of survey help support. the sirugating farmers ‘but also provide a cheap alternative to expensive imported fuel. Jus like its neighbouring islands, St Lucia has toimportalmostall ofits fuel. That means, both transport and electricity productionare expensive and addto the cost of living forthe inhabitants of the island Donald Holder is leading the ‘banana ethanol” project after completing his studies in renewable energy technology at university. He says, “People are always complaining about the cost of public transport here. ‘That's why I thought of biofuels.” ‘The biofuel process produces ethanol and methane. It begins by mixing very ripe, squashed bananas with ‘water, This mixture goes into a tank, where it ferments and is distilled to make a fuel that is 95% ethanol land can be used in vehicles. The methane which is also produced is then used to provide the power for the ‘machinery itself, helping to keep production costs low. Organic waste left atthe end of the process can be used as fertiliser, some of which goes back to farmers and some of which is sold Holder expects to produce 80,000 litres of fuel inthe first year. This level of production will use nearly all the ‘bananas that are thrown away each year on St Lucia. A criticism of biofuel projects is that they use erops which ‘could be eaten, but this scheme only uses food that would have been wasted. Holder estimates that his product ‘will be about 10% cheaper than imported fuel Initially, the ethanol will be mixed with normal petrol because cars on the island are not yet equipped to run ‘on pure biofuel and pumps at petrol stations have not yet been adapted to supply it. The project expects to provide fuel for about 300 cars per week Holder has been helped financially by winning an international competition, and ths has enabled him to buy equipment from various international suppliers. Other development agencies have also funded the research needed to move the project forward. © UCLES 2018 osrorz nurs(a) (b) (c) (a) (e) o () (hy) @ 0 ) Where on St Lucia is Leona's plantation? ‘Which industry produces most money for the istand’s economy? What was the result of extreme weather conditions on the island? (1) ‘Why aren't the farmers earning as much from their crops these days? Give two details. (2) According to the chart, in the most recent survey, how many Caribbean growers were ‘exporting bananas? At] ‘What are the negative consequences of using expensive imported fuel? Give two details. = (1 ‘What gave Donald Holder the idea of producing biofuel? 1) How does the use of methane keep production costs low? 2 pe lM] At the moment, why is it impossible for drivers to use ethanol on its own? How has Donald Holder benefited from his competition success? Apart from reducing fuel costs, what are the main advantages of the project for the struggling farmers? Give four details. a] [Total: 15] eucLES 2018 ostozinwiis [Turn overExercise 3 Helen Douglas was born in Cngland, but her parents came originally from Scotland. When sho was small, the family used to return there regularly on holiday. It is true to say that Helen found Scotland ‘one of the most interesting places that she had ever visited because of the beautiful scenery and the variety of wildlife. : When she was at school, she was a member of the Natural History Society and often made day trips to sites of interest near her home to watch bids or animals in their natural environment. In her fist year at university, che joined the Wildlife Club and in March 2013, volunteered to work for Natwatch, {an organisation researching the movements and numbers of various wildlife species around the United Kingdom. ‘The organisation offered the choice of working in different areas with a variety of research possibilities. Helen decided that she would choose the beautiful north-east region of Scotland and observe the sea life, and, in particular, the number and behaviour of dolphins, as the main area of her research, ‘The policy of the research organisation is for the volunteers to work together in small groups, no larger than five. Helen was grouped with two other girls, both aged 20, and therefore one year older than she was. The older girls had been on these trips before, but this was the first time for Helen. She decided it would be most convenient to travel to the area by train, because there was a station close to the accommodation. The group stayed at a hostel in an isolated spot where the river flowed into the sea. ‘The address of their accommodation was Arisaig House, Dundonnell, IN2 2B. (On the first day, the group walked along the bank of the river towards the sea. They saw many different types of wildlfa, including birds which were returning to Scotland for the warmer weather. On the second day, they started observing and counting the number of dolphins that they saw. They had to take a boat trip about one kilometre out to sea and were soon rewarded when a group of dolphins started to follow the boat and jump out of the water beside them. Holen had never been so close to these creatures before and was particularly excited, When she returned to the hostel that evening, she spent about one hour making notes and organising the pictures that she had taken during the day. Three days after Helen returned home to England, she was delighted to receive even more photos ‘sy email at h.dougie@zippy.co.uk from her two colleagues. She now had the huge task of trying to ‘select the best ones from her own collection to send to them. ‘A requirement of the research organisation is for each volunteer to complete a report on the project after the trip. Imagine you are Helen Douglas. formation above. Fill in the project report on the opposite page, u 1g the ouciEs 2013 ostozinurtsNatwatch Wildlife Research Project Report __ SECTIONA Personal details Full name: MALE/ FEMALE (please delete) Age: : Contact details: .... Club memberships since leaving school: SECTIONB Project details In hich UK country did you work? (please circle) England Scotland Northern Ireland Wales In which region did you work? Number of previous volunteering trips: (please tick) none: one [_] two three or more Number in group: Address of accommodation: ... Main species observed: (please underline one) birds* land animals sea animals Purpose of research: SECTION C In the space below, write one sentence of between 12 and 20 words about the most enjoyable part of your research, and say why it was so enjoyable. Total: 8] | Fe lexanare Te ©UCLES 2013, ostoriniarts [Turn overExercise 4 Road based on the game played in the Harry Potter books and films, and then complete the notes on the opposite page. REAL-LIFE QUIDDITCH SWEEPS ALL BEFORE IT We felcoue to the real-life version of Quidditch, based on the famons game at Hogwarts School in the Harry Potter novels written by J. K. Rowling, ‘The game has certainly caught the imagination of a generation of young people across the world. It has progressed from its origins as a joke started by American college students, to being a big hit with more than 1,000 clubs playing globally. Some matches can attract crowds of more than 20,000 spectators, and the game has many more fans on social network sites. Real-life Quidditch is best described as a combination of two different games. The first game is something close to basketball. Three ‘chasers’ on each team attempt to throw or kick a ‘quaffle’ {a volleyball) through the opposing team’s rings to score goals. As they do this, the two ‘beaters! on each team throw rubber balls at them to try to prevent them from hitting their target. The priority for this contest is to score as many goals as possible. Meanwhile, a second and separate game of ‘hide-and-seek’ is going on. A cross-country runner ‘with a tennis ball (recreating the ‘snitch’ from J. K. Rowling's version of the game) runs from the field of play at the beginning of the match. The runner must be caught by a ‘seeker and the priority of this part of the game is to take the ‘snitch’ from the runner's possession, When the ‘onitoh’ io caught, the whole game ends and the goals are counted. Typically, a well-organised game might last about twenty minutes. ‘There are still, however, some areas of disagreement. The rules have no: yet been finalised although there has at least been agreement on the number of ‘quaffles’ or volleyballs. There are five, which are passed between 14 players. They must wear coloured headbands and hold houschold brooms or mops between their legs at all times. Moreover, oecause the boundaries of the playing field are still under discussion, matches have sometimes moved a long way from The normal area, Finishing on a roaftep or even in a lake. Sadly, because of the physical nature of the game, injuries are becoming more and more common, with the result that some players are taken to hospital with serious problems such as broken bones. Will the game of Quidditch survive or will it be a passing phase? Une enthusiast said, "I am sure the popularity will continue to grow. The game is so exciting to watch with a lot of balls fying around, and it can be played by both boys and girls. In today’s high-speed world, young people like the fact that the game takes little time and can be fitted into a busy schedule.” @ in addition, a generation of young peuple ins yrown up with the Hurry Potter series, and they are now entering college and university. The game is evolving to, with e the equipment being modified all the time. For example, it was soon realised that household brooms broke too easily, so lighter, shorter and stronger versions have been made. Unfortunately, there remains one significant design problem that no-one has yet been able to solve. The brooms can't fly. eUCLES 2018 ostorziamurs9 You are going to give a talk to your school sports club about the game of Quiddlich. Prepare), ‘some notes to use as the basis for your talk cannes Make your notes under each heading. | (Total: 9), eucies 2013 ‘ston [Turn overlowing articts at pave changed aves thousands of yeara| Write a summary about the possible reasons why humans have become shorter AND why their brains have become smaller. : Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You should use your own words as far as possibte. You will receive up to 6 marks for the content of your summary, and up to 5 marks for the style and accuracy of your language WHY ARE WE SHRINKING? ‘The human species may have passed its physical peak. Scientists have found that modern-day people are about 10% smaller and shorter than their hunting ancestors from 200,000 years ago. Most of this decline in size, however, has only happened in the past 10,000 years, and has been accompanied by a corresponding 10%: decline in brain size. ‘These findings have emerged from studies of fossilised human remains, including skulls, discovered across Africa, Europe and Asia. Early humans evolved as hunters, a lifestyle which required strength and stamina. Humans with powerful chests and large brains emerged about 35,000 years ago. During this period and throughout the emergence of more developed societies, size remained constant. This ts shown by the discovery of tools, weapons, and even musical instruments from that time, and by the fossil records shemselves. It is not until the last 10,0UU years that the sizes of the body and the brain have changed substantially. The question is wy these changes should have happened so recently One theory is that the decline in size is linked to agriculture, which began about 9,000 years ago and was perhaps the greatest change in lifestyle that humans experienced in pre-historic times. Recent research shows that declines in size were found in 19 out of 21 societies that switched from hunting to farming. This would seem to reverse popular opinion that when sucieties switch to farming there is usually an increase in the size of people as food becomes move plentiful Research also suggests that the decreased size in populations across the globe was linked to a probable shortage of micronutrients, such as the vitamins and minerals that are essential to growth. There would have been an inadequate supply of these in the lhuman diet even though calories were plentiful. One example of this was in China where early farmers relied largely on cereals such as rice and maize ~ both of which lack a vitamin called niacin, vital for growth, The heavy reliance on rice and maize also caused nutritional diseases, which limited normal growth in children, Other researchers, however, are less certain about the role of agriculture and consider that the change was more 1s a result of different lifestyle demands. These researchers tend to link the decreased height more with social inequality, where a dominant class took more than their fai share of the produce, leaving others short of food Even ifagriulture was in part responsible for the physical changes, it would not explain why human brain size has also decreased. The male human brain has become smaller over the past 10,000 years. Compared to our ancestors, it now averages 1,350 cubic centimetres, a decrease in size equivalent in volume to a tennis ball There is speculation that part of the answer must ie in the huge amount of energy required to maintain large brains ~ in humans, it accounts for about 20% of the energy used by the whole body. Researchers claim that ‘ur brains have got smaller because of the need to save energy for the increased number of tasks that we are required to do in the modern world Evolution would have made the brain smaller but more efficient ~ a siilar process to the changes In computers and technology that we see today, We may have smaller brains than our ancestors, but that does not mean that we are les inteligent. UCLES 2013, ostozumuris" (otal: 41) SUCLES 2018, ostozsnuuts [Turn over12 You recently organised an event to raise money for a local charity. Write a letter to a friend, explaining: + why you chose your particular charity + how ycu planned the event + whether or not you felt the event was successful. The pictures above may give you some ideas. but you are free to use any ideas of your own. Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address. You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your letter, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. euctes.2013 ostozinwarsoucies 2018 13 ostozinurs exer he (Total: 19] [Turn over14 Exercise 7 joles on th ‘Your school magazine is looking for arti lowing topic: “The ability to travel easi a great benefit to our generation.” Here are some comments from your friends on the subject: “We should be more concerned about the amount of fuel and energy we use ‘when travelling from place to place,” “There is no doubt that travel broadens the mind.” a “It's vital to travel is losing if family members live far away its identity with so many ‘or even in different countries.” tourists.” Write an article for the school magazine, giving your views. The comments above may give you some ideas but you are free to use any ideas of your own. Your articie should be between 150 and 200 words long. ‘You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. OUCLES 2013 ostorsnnts15 erin tee Total: 19] eucies 2019 stains16 BLANK PAGE ‘Femizsin to varios tome where Fi pry oad alaralproleaed by copigh feed fas been ag and ceed where parle, Ere (Sah ot feu ay he pon CLES pice eg eb yan aig ena sing be sed pcan tbe esses mm tree sri poms Unies of Cage temas! Examination is yar of he Cambie Assessment Grou. Cambri Asstt se band name of Unive oF \Conbige Lac! Cranston Sypcele(UCLES), wih eal a deparunena he Une of Canbree @UCLES 2013 ostouanrts