BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

EXPERIMENTAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY "RAFAEL MARÍA BARALT"

ACADEMIC VICE-RECTORATE
PROGRAM: ADMINISTRATION
PROJECT: CUSTOMS.

UNIT III: text interpretation

Made by: Ana Isabel Miralles Cardona

Teacher: Daisy Montiel
C.I: 30,333,648.
Section: 33221.

Ojeda City, February 2022.

 ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and select the correct answer according which is the
purpose of the author.
Does your shampoo leave your hair dry or damaged? Flat and lifeless? Then
Organi-Goo is the shampoo for you! Using only the finest organic ingredients,
Organi-Goo gives you stronger, shinier, healthier hair. Organi-Goo's powerful, all-
natural formula penetrates the hair shaft to rebuild strength, body, and shine. Every
strand of hair is pampered and revitalized when you use Organi-Goo. Are you
ready for the best hair of your life? Then try Organi-Goo today!
Which author's purpose is suggested by the text?
1. to describe the experience of using Organi-Goo.
2. to inform readers about the ingredients in Organi-Goo.
3. to persuade readers to buy Organi-Goo.
Answer: to persuade readers to buy Organi-Goo.

2. ACTIVITY
1. What do you think if you observe a picture like this one in a text that
you haven’t read?
Answer: that it is advice and tips for the management documents to be treated
for marketing software

2. Can you understand what the author try to explain with this figure?
Can you write a short paragraph to explain me the meaning of this
figure, please.
Answer: The use of human and physical resources by management is one of the
most important areas of the organization's administration, since people are the
most important resource of any company. In addition, they are responsible for
producing new products, accumulate, use financial resources and control quality.
 3. CHOOSE THE CORRECT MAIN IDEA OF THE FOLLOWING
PARAGRAPHS
People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are
probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax
we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes,
including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property
taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious
ones.
a. Taxes are much too high.
b. We pay more taxes than we may realize.
c. Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
d. Some taxes are hidden.
Answer: We pay more taxes than we may realize.
4. CHOOSE THE CORRECT MAIN IDEA OF THE FOLLOWING
PARAGRAPHS
The fact that electronic computers are now used for data processing has led the
general public to believe that it is a mysterious, complicated science and that the
computers are giant brains. Both of these ideas are false. A computer is basically
just a high-speed adding machine that performs the functions it is told to. If the
input data are varied even a little, the computer is unable to operate until it is
programmed to accept the variations. The business operations it performs are
impressive only because of the extremely high speed of manipulation, but most of
these operations have been used for decades. Unlike man, the computer performs
repetitive calculations without getting tired or bored.
a. A computer is a high-speed adding machine.
b. A computer is a mysterious giant brain.
c. A computer is impressive because of its high speed.
d. A computer is superior to man in many ways.
Answer: A. A computer is a high-speed adding machine y d. A computer is
superior to man in many ways.
5. CHOOSE THE CORRECT MAIN IDEA OF THE FOLLOWING
PARAGRAPH
In earlier days those who had overseas business which they believed should be
discussed personally, took ship and set out across the briny deep. Once aboard
they transacted their affairs, engaging in commercial and social matters or
conducting government business. Today ships and passengers continue to sail the
seven seas, and airplanes soar overhead. But above them all, words speed
through the sky – telephone conversations quickly bring together in the most
personal fashion people who are separated by thousands of miles.
a. Overseas telephone service today is ruling out all need for overseas travel.
b. Nothing can take the place of person-to-person conversation in settling
business, social, and government problems.
c. Many conversations which once required overseas travel can now be conducted
by telephone.
d. Even with modern overseas telephone service people continue to travel abroad
by ship or by plane.
Answer: c. Many conversations which once required overseas travel can now
be conducted by telephone.
6. ACTIVITY. READ THIS ARTICLE. AFTER READING MAKE A SUMMARY
ABOUT THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT YOU READ IN SPANISH.
Concept of Management: Utilization of resources has been the most common and
yet perhaps the most complex human activity over since the dawn of civilization.
Management the process of utilization of resources in an effective manner in the
today’s dynamic environment. Management involves an organized effort to achieve
the objective.
People work together in a group to achieve common objectives so that the co-
ordination of physical & human resources become necessary. Leadership and
coordination are required to achieve the unity of direction of efforts for achieving
objectives.
Management is the brain of an enterprise. A manager keeps himself in touch with
the current environment and supplies foresight to the enterprise. He helps in
predicting what is going to happen in future which will influence the working of an
enterprise.
Different experts have defined management in different ways as:
“Management is an executive function which is primarily concerned with carrying
out of the broad policies laid down by the administration. It is that function of an
enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of various activities to
attain the business objectives.” —Dr. William R. Spriegel
“Management is the task of manager to establish and maintain an internal
environment in which people working together <n groups can perform effectively
and efficiently toward the attainment of group goals.’— Koontz & O’ Donnell
“Management is a social process entailing responsibility for effective (or efficient)
planning & regulation of the operations of an enterprise.” —E. F. L. Brech
In short, management can be defined as the agency that provides leadership,
guidance and control for the achievement of the objective set by administration.
Importance of Management:
Management is a way to achieve organizational objectives by optimum utilization of
resources. Wherever, there is an organized group of people working towards a
common goal, some type of management (organized & systematic activity)
becomes essential.
As the success of group efforts depends upon mutual cooperation among the
members of the group, management creates teamwork and co-ordination among
specialized efforts.
According to Peter Drucker, “Management is the dynamic life giving element in
every business. Without it the resources of production remains resources and
never become production.” Management is a catalyst without which no
organization can survive & grow.
The following points highlight the importance of management:
1. It is the management which makes the people realize the objectives of the group
and directs their efforts towards the achievement by these objectives.
2. Management is a way to utilize the resources optimally.
3. Through better planning, sound organization and effective control, management
enables a concern to reduce costs and enable an enterprise to face cut throat
competition.
4. Management ensures efficient & smooth running of business through better
planning, sound organization, effective control and the various tools of
management
5. Management provides new ideas, imagination & vision to the organization.
6. Management molds the enterprise in changing environment.
Characteristics Management:
1. Management is a Process: Management is a continuous process unless the
objectives are achieved. It is the process which involves the activities or functions
like planning, organizing, staffing, directing & controlling.
2. Management is Purposeful: Management is a way to achieve certain end
results. Without end results it would be directionless. All activities of management
are goal oriented. The success of management is measured by the extent to which
the desired objectives are attained.
3. It is a Human Activity: Management is a human activity where human beings
plan, implement & control the activities.
4. Management is an Integrative Force: Management is a force which binds
together the various elements. It reconciles the individual goals with organizational
goals.
5. Management is a Social Process: Management is done by people, through
people and for people. As it is related with the interpersonal relationships, it is
called as social process.
6. Management is Universal: The basic principles of management are universal.
They apply more or less in all the situations. The functions of management are
performed by all managers.
7. Management is Needed at all Levels of the Organization: Management is
needed at all levels of the organization e.g., top level, middle level and lower level.
The only difference is of the nature of task and the scope of authority.
8. Management is Dynamic: Management is a dynamic function and it has to be
performed continuously. It is continuously engaged in molding of the enterprise in
the ever changing business environment.
9. Management is a Group Phenomenon: Management involves the use of
group effort in the pursuit of common objectives. People join groups to achieve
what they cannot achieve individually. Management is an activity whenever and
wherever people come together to achieve some common goals.
10. Management is Getting the Things Done: A manager does not do any
operating work himself. He gets the work done by, with and through the people. He
directs and develops their talent by adopting technical, human and psychological
skills.
11. Management is Intangible: Management is intangible i.e., it cannot be seen
but can only be felt in the form of results.
12. Management is Both a Science and an Art: Management is the combination
of art and science. It is science as it contains a systematized body of knowledge
consisting of generally applicable principles. It is art because it involves the
application of knowledge and skills for the solution of managerial problems.
13. Management is Profession: Today, management is recognized as a
profession. It is a systematic and specialized body of knowledge consisting of
principles, techniques & laws and can be taught as a separate discipline or subject.
RESUME.
Managing is the process of using resources effectively in today's dynamic
environment. People work together in a group to achieve common goals, so
coordination of physical and human resources is necessary. Leadership and
coordination are required to achieve the unity of direction of efforts to achieve the
objectives. “Management is an executive function that is primarily concerned with
carrying out the general policies established by the administration.
It is that function of a company that deals with the direction and control of various
activities to achieve business objectives. “Management is the manager's task of
establishing and maintaining an internal environment in which people working
together <n groups can perform effectively and efficiently toward the achievement
of group goals.'— Koontz & O'Donnell “ Management is a social process that
entails responsibility for the effective (or efficient) planning and regulation of a
company's operations.
In summary, management can be defined as the body that provides leadership,
guidance and control for the achievement of the objective established by the
administration. Management is a way of achieving organizational objectives
through the optimal use of resources. Wherever there is an organized group of
people working towards a common goal, some form of management (organized
and systematic activity) becomes essential. It is management that makes people
realize the goals of the group and direct their efforts towards achieving these goals.
Management is a way of using resources optimally. Through better planning,
strong organization, and effective control, management enables a concern to
reduce costs and enable a company to face fierce competition.
Management ensures the efficient and smooth operation of the business through
better planning, sound organization, effective control and the various management
tools. It is the process that involves activities or functions such as planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
 TRADUCION
Gestionar es el proceso de utilización de los recursos de manera eficaz en el
entorno dinámico actual. Las personas trabajan juntas en un grupo para lograr
objetivos comunes, por lo que se hace necesaria la coordinación de los recursos
físicos y humanos. Se requiere liderazgo y coordinación para lograr la unidad de
dirección de esfuerzos para el logro de los objetivos. “La gestión es una función
ejecutiva que se ocupa principalmente de llevar a cabo las políticas generales
establecidas por la administración.
Es aquella función de una empresa que se ocupa de la dirección y el control de
diversas actividades para lograr los objetivos comerciales”. “La administración es
la tarea del gerente de establecer y mantener un entorno interno en el que las
personas que trabajan juntas <n grupos puedan desempeñarse de manera eficaz
y eficiente hacia el logro de las metas del grupo.'— Koontz & O' Donnell “La
administración es un proceso social que implica la responsabilidad de una
planificación y regulación eficaz (o eficiente) de las operaciones de una empresa”.
En resumen, la gerencia puede definirse como el organismo que brinda liderazgo,
orientación y control para el logro del objetivo establecido por la administración. La
gestión es una forma de lograr los objetivos organizacionales mediante la
utilización óptima de los recursos. Dondequiera que haya un grupo organizado de
personas trabajando hacia un objetivo común, algún tipo de gestión (actividad
organizada y sistemática) se vuelve esencial. Es la gestión la que hace que las
personas realicen los objetivos del grupo y dirija sus esfuerzos hacia el logro de
estos objetivos.
La gestión es una forma de utilizar los recursos de manera óptima. A través de
una mejor planificación, una organización sólida y un control efectivo, la
administración permite una preocupación por reducir costos y permitir que una
empresa enfrente una competencia feroz.
La gerencia asegura el funcionamiento eficiente y fluido del negocio a través de
una mejor planificación, una organización sólida, un control efectivo y las diversas
herramientas de gestión. Es el proceso que involucra las actividades o funciones
como la planificación, organización, dotación de personal, dirección y control.