Assignment 7

1)Have you ever used any software for statistical data

analysis? If so, which software have you
used? Which statistical functions did you use in the
software?

Yes, I have used Microsoft Excel for statistical data analysis.

Microsoft excel:​,​ ​MS Exce​l​ does offer a wide variety of tools for data
visualization and simple statistics. It’s simple to generate summary metrics
and customizable graphics and figures, making it a usable tool for many
who want to see the basics of their data. As many individuals and
companies both own and know how to use Excel, it also makes it an
accessible option for those looking to get started with statistics.

Following are the statistical functions which were used in Ms Excel:

There are a variety of functions available in Excel. Here are some of the
most common functions :

● SUM​: This function ​adds​ all of the values of the cells in

the argument.
● AVERAGE​: This function determines the ​average​ of
the values included in the argument. It calculates the
sum of the cells and then divides that value by the
number of cells in the argument.
● COUNT​: This function ​counts​ the number of cells with
numerical data in the argument. This function is useful
for quickly counting items in a cell range.
● MAX​: This function determines the ​highest​ ​cell value
included in the argument.
 ● MIN​: This function determines the​ lowest cell value
included in the argument.

2)​You have learnt basic workings of SPSS on day 6

and R software on day 8. Give any five major
differences between these two software.

Basis for Comparison R SPSS

User Interface R has the less  SPSS has more 

interactive analytical  interactive and 
tool but editors are  user-friendly interface. 
available for providing  SPSS displays data in a 
GUI support for  spreadsheet-like 
programming in R. for  fashion
learning and practicing 
hands-on analytics R us 
best tool as it really 
helps the analyst to 
master the various 
analytics steps and 
commands.

Decision Making For decision trees, R  For Decision trees, IBM 

does not offer many  SPSS is better than R 
algorithms and most of  because R does not 
the packages of R can  offer many tree 
only implement CART  algorithms. For decision 
(Classification and  trees, SPSS interface is 
Regression Tree) and  very user-friendly and 
their interface is not as  understandable.
user-friendly. 
 
Data Management A major drawback of R  In terms of data 
is that most of its  management, IBM SPSS 
functions have to load  is more or less similar 
all the data into memory  to R. it provides data 
before execution, which  management functions 
set a limit on the  such as sorting, 
volumes that can be  aggregation, 
handled. transposition and for 
merging of the table.

Documentation In terms of  While SPSS is lag 

documentation R has  behind in this feature. 
easily available explain  SPSS lack this feature 
documentation files. R  due to its limited use.
community, however, is 
one of the strongest 
open source 
communities.

Platform R is written in C and  SPSS graphical user 

Fortran. R has stronger  interface (GUI) is 
object-oriented  written in Java. It uses 
programming facilities  for interactive and 
than most statistical  statistical Analysis 
computing languages. mainly.

Cost R is open source free  IBM SPSS is not free if 

software, where R  someone wants to learn 
community is very fast  SPSS then it has to use 
for software update  trial version first.
adding new libraries. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Visualizations R offer much more  The graphical 
opportunities to  capabilities of SPSS are 
customize and optimize  purely functional 
graphs due to a wide  although it is possible 
range of modules that  to make minor changes 
are available. The most  to the graph, to fully 
widely used module in R  customize your graph 
is ggplot2. These  and visualizations in 
graphs are also easily  SPSS can be very 
made interactive, which  cumbersome.
allow users to play with 
data.

3)screen shot of r software: