Medical laboratory science

SLLE, 2021, 1st Edition

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1. Fc receptor?
• fragment crystallizable receptor, found on many cell surfaces like
(phagocytic cells), bind the Fc portion (C-terminal domain) of
antibody heavy chain (complement and opsonization,
phagocytosis, ADCC).
2. Cytotoxic lymphocyte critical in innate immunity?
• Natural killer cell (NK cell).
3. PTH and calcium-review.
4. Anisocytosis?
• High RDW.
5. Name of IgM structure?
• Pentameric.
6. Ig with highest concentration?
• IgG.
7. Bacteria cause abortion?
C. perfringens, bacteroid fragilis, brucella, G. vaginalism N. gonorrhea, L.
monocytogenes.
8. Ag binding site of Ab is called?
• Fab (paratop).
9. Myocardial infarction markers-review.
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10. Westgard rules and errors-review?

11. HLA-review.
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12. EBV-review.
13. HSV-review.
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14. Steps of PCR?

• Denaturation, annealing and extension.
15. Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency?
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• Cause pellagra.
16. Alpha 2 anti-plasmin?
• Rapid inhibitor of plasmin.
17. Plasmin function?
• Fibrinolysis, removing of fibrin deposits (lysis of the clot),
production of fibrinogen degradation products D-dimer.
18. Ag of low incidence?
• Negative antibody screen, incompatible antiglobulin crossmatch.
19. tdt marker?
• Marker of immaturity.
20. Stain for sperm viability-vitality?
• Eosin, eosin-nigrosin (blom's technique).
21. 88 years old with ABO discrepancy?
• Weak antibody reaction.
22. Child abduction code?
• Purple.
23. Transplantation of cartilage from one to another?
• Allograft transplantation

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24. Differentiation between S. aureus and other staphylococci?
• Coagulase
25. Patient have coagulation factors deficiency, suitable blood component?
• FFP.
26. Reagent of indole test?
• (Kovacs reagent), p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA)
27. Type of leukemia associated with basophilia?
• CML
28. Catalyze the proteolytic cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b?
• C3 convertase
29. Parasitic infection shows eosinophilia and larvae in stool without eggs?
• Strongyloides stercolaris infection.
30. Ig is component of which type of globulin?
• Gamma
31. Pentameric Ab?
• IgM
32. Ab of secondary response?
• IgG
33. Ab of the primary and first response?
• IgM
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34. The most nitrogenous product?

• BUN, urea
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35. What found in nephrotic syndrome?

• Proteinuria
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36. Contact coagulation factor?

• XII, PK, HMWK
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37. Synovial fluids?

• From the joints
38. Catabolism and anabolism?
• Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
39. Bence jones protein?
• Heat test 40-60 C
40. Wilson disease?
• High amount of copper
41. Heinz body?
• Denatured Hb
42. Differentiation between hyaline and waxy cast?
• Refractivity
43. Stain DNA?
• Ethidium bromide
44. Last step in ELISA?
• Stop solution or add substrate
45. Most common cause of fungal infection after candida?
• Aspergillus

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46. Glove for chemical bottles?
• Nitrile gloves (chemical resistance)
47. Patient with lockjaw?
• Tetanus (tetansopasmin), neurotoxin
48. Protein for iron binding?
• Transferrin
49. Bacteria grow at 43 C?
• Campylobacter
50. Meaning of CBAHI?
• Saudi central board for accreditation of healthcare institutions
51. Most common type of urine sample?
• Random
52. Quantification of electrolytes?
• Ion selective electrode
53. Aeration of Enterobacteriaceae?
• Aerobic and anaerobic
54. Glanzmann disease?
• Defect in platelets aggregation
55. Kell Antigens?
• K, k antigens.
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56. Turbid semen due to?

• WBCs
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57. Ag show dosage?

• C, c, E, e, Fya, Fyb, M, N, S, s, JKa, Jkb.
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58. Most common type of H. influenzae?

• B
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59. Color of amorphous phosphate?

• White, gray, colorless
60. Marker for alcoholic liver disease?
• GGT
61. Marker of thyroid cancer?
• Calcitonin
62. Normal Hb, normal MCV?
• Normocytic/normochromic RBCs
63. Organism have no cell wall?
• Mycoplasma
64. Sample show cold agglutination?
• Warm at 37 C and rerun
65. Review the steps of tissue processing.
66. Wound not healed?
• XIII deficiency
67. Gray patches around the cornea?
• High cholesterol (familial hyperchlosterolemia)
68. Vegetarian with ovalocytes and target cells, what extra abnormality?
• Hypersegmentd neutrophil

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69. Review the type 1 (low insulin) and type 2 (insulin resistance) diabetes
millets
70. Cottage cheese vaginal discharges?
• Candida (yeast) infection
71. Bacteria associated with raw sheep milk drinking?
• Brucella

72. Bacterial infection from uncooked rice?

• Bacillus cereus
73. Urease positive and found in stool?
• Proteus
74. Patient treated with heparin, this test is prolonged?
• APTT
75. Patient cell + donor plasma?
• Minor cross matching
76. Patient plasma + donor cells?
• Major cross matching
77. RF marker in autoimmune disease?
• Rheumatoid arthritis
78. Children age?
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• 2 to 12 years,
• Neonate birth to 1 months
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• Infants 1 month to 2 years (WHO)

79. AB negative need FFP?
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• AB negative
80. Type of bilirubin elevated in obstructive jaundice?
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• Direct bilirubin
81. HIV confirmatory test?
• WB, IFA, NAAT
82. The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?
• Na
83. CLL marker?
• CD5, CD19, CD23
84. Bernard soulier syndrome?
• Presence of giant platelets
85. Neutrophil?
• Phagocytosis (opsonization), chemotaxis
86. Catalase test?
• Positive in staph, and negative in streptococci
87. Urine formed by three main steps?
• Filtration, reabsorption and secretion
88. Next step after rescue and activate alarm?
• Contain fire + close doors
89. Null duffy?
• Fy(a-,b-)

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90. When giving blood transfusion, how much the HCT will increase?
• 3%
91. Prohibited from the patient reports?
• Intern students
92. Atherosclerosis is due to?
• High LDL

93. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by?

• Naegleria fowleri
94. Function of vWF?
• Binds the GbIb, GbIIb/IIIa of platelets to promote adhesion, carrier
and stabilizer for VIII
95. Rickets is caused by?
• Vitamin D deficiency
96. PYR test used for?
• Group A and D streptococci (enterococcus aecalis)
97. Review generally RNA and DNA viruses
98. Sign of pin worm infection?
• Preanal itching
99. Herpes simplex virus cause?
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• Painful lesions
100. HPV 18?
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• High risk of cervical cancer

101. Types of cross match?
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• 2, minor and major

102. Amount of T cell of whole blood?
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• 80%
103. Moon face or buffalo hump?
• Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome)
104. Genotype of A blood group?
• A0 or AA
105. Genetic breast cancer?
• BRCA 1, 2 and HER2
106. Chicago disease?
• Caused by blastomyces (blastomycosis)
107. Nitrocellulose used for?
• Southern blot (immunoblotting, gel electrophoresis)
108. Normal range?
• Characteristic of 95 %of values from a normal population
109. Medical privacy?
• The practice of maintaining the security and confidentiality of
patient records.
110. Positive D-dimer?
• DIC

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111. Calculate the CK-MB index?
• CK-MB/CK x 100
112. Unit for reporting enzymes?
• Activity unit
113. Bacterial ID and sensitivity?
• Micro scan walk way
114. Component of coomb reagent?
• Contain anti human globulin antibody against IgG and C3d
(polyspecific) or agains either IgG or C3d (monospecific).

115. Filter used in lab?

• HEPA
116. Basal brain gland?
• Pituitary gland
117. Parameter use for measuring the erythropoiesis?
• Reticulocyte
118. Case (trophozoite with ingested RBCs and the cyst with quadrant
nuclei)?
• E. histolytica.
119. T-helper cell marker?
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• CD4
120. One donor came from Sudan….etc?
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• Deferral for one year (cuz the malaria)

121. IHC for adenocarcinoma taken from breast tissue?
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• Carcinemeryonic Ag
122. Abdominal pain and diarrhea no cyst or trophozoite, positive
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string test?
• Giardia
123. Case: a woman came with joint pain and deformity when she stood
up what test should be done?
• Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
124. Patient with ketone bodies and coma?
• Ketoacidosis
125. Lupus anticoagulant associated with?
• Prolonged APTT
126. Elek test used for?
• C. diphtheriae
127. Fruity odor urine?
• Acetone
128. GVHD?
• Immunocompetent donate for immunocompromised patient
129. Hormone of adrenal cortex stimulated by?
• ACTH to produce cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA
130. Function of PCO?
• Maintain the pH

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131. Organ used much glucose?
• Brain
132. Hepatocellular disease confirmed by?
• ALT
133. Needle tip crystal?
• Alkaline colorless: calcium phosphate
• Acidic yellow-brown: bilirubin
• Acidic colorless-yellow: tyrosine
134. Bacteria cause green pigment on macckonkey?
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
135. Most common bacteria with food poisoning?
• S. saprophyticus
• S. epidermdis
• S. aureus (the correct one)
• micrococcus
136. Case\ patient have unprotective sex for the past 3 months, RPR + ,
doctor order TPHA as confirmatory, the doctor action is…?
• He should enter the screening test only
• Screening test should be followed by a confirmatory test (the
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correct one)
• The doctor should hide the result and discharge patient
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• The doctor should repeat the PRP because false positive result
and no confirmatory ordered.
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137. Bordetella pertussis cause?

• Whooping cough
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138. Which of these bacteria can grow on McCounckey agar?

• Staph (the correct one, cuz the others are fastidious)
• Strept
• Niesseria
• C.diphteria
139. Fungus seen by dark field microscope and Indian ink?
• C. neoformans
140. Dehydration of tissue is done by?
• Alcohol
141. Trypsin and giemsa?
• g-binding (the correct one) for chromosomal studies
• in situ-hybridization…..
142. 3 alpha gene are missing?
• Hb-H disease
143. Reticulocytes increase in? review the causes.
144. PCR for HIV?
• RNA amplification
145. Patient with null kidd he has what Ab?
• Anti-Jk3

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146. Blood group system destroyed by routine Blood bank enzymes?
• Duffy (Fya, Fyb)
147. In the room temperature there is 2+ reaction but in 37C and AHG
phases there is no reaction what anti-body is suspected to present?
• Cold Ab
148. Urine type for culture?
• Mid clean catch MSU
149. TPHA principle?
• Sheep RBCs or gel particles sensitized with T pallidum sonicate
150. Flowcytometry principle, review.
151. How to solve rouleaux formation problem?
• Saline replacement technique
152. if patent has respiratory acidosis what is the urine pH?
• Below 5.5, acidic
153. File opening?
• Free
154. Barking cough caused by?
• Parainfluenza virus
155. Bacteria cause endocarditis?
• Viridans (vancomycin sensitive), enterococci (vancomycin
resistance)
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156. Sickle cell anemia substitution?

• T to A
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157. Women with first child and has a cat…..?

• Toxoplasmosis
158. Confirmatory test for pheochromocytoma?
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• Catecholamine in urine
159. Microaerophilic organism?
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• Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori

160. Smallest amount that cause death?
• Poison
161. Usually seen in the female urine, young sexually active females?
• S. saprophyticus
162. Sterilization?
• Autoclave
163. Correct about PT?
• stable for 24 h if capped
164. Acquired B found in?
• A and AB group
165. CD marker during the first stage of T cell?
• CD2
166. Spiral hyphae?
• Trichophyton mentagrophytes
167. Nocturnal parasite?
• W. bancrofti, B. malayi, B. timori
• Note loa loa with diurnal periodicity
• M. perstans and M. ozzardi are nocturnal and diurnal (no
periodicity)

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168. Stain for trypanosoma?
• Giemsa stain
169. Ficin and papain enzymes inhibited which antibody?
• Duffy, M. N, S
170. wood lamp?
• Fungal examination
171. White Piedra?
• Trichosporon spp
• Note that black Piedra caused by Piedraia hortae
172. Neutralizing acidic spill?
• Backing soda
173. Covid 19?
• BSL 3
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