MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR

Department of chemical Engineering

Mass transfer Labrotory-1

II YEAR, SEMESTER-4

EXPERIMENT#3
Shell and tube heat exchanger

INSTRUCTUR
Mr.Harsh Pandey

NAME-Amoluck Bhatia
ID-209101001

DATE OF EXPERIMENT-20/02/2022
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………............... (10)
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES/SCOPE/PROCEDURE ……………………….….. (30)

RESULTS & DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………............. (30)

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………….. (10)

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………….. (5)

APPENDIX Original data, sample calculations, other information………. (5)

GENERAL COMPLETENESS Conciseness and neatness………………………… (10)

TOTAL…………………………………………………………………………………………………. (100)

CONTENT TABLE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.OBJECTIVE
2.INTRODUCTION
3.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
4.PROCEDURE
5.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
7.REFRENCE
8.APPENDEX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Heat exchangers are devices that

are used as a surface for thermal
heat transfer between fluids. The
experiments carried out
investigated the performance of
three main heat exchangers:
double pipe,
shell-and-tube and plate heat
exchangers. Each heat exchanger
was tested under two different
flow
arrangements: parallel (co-
current) flow and counter current
flow. Aside from flow
distribution cold
mass flow rates were varied to
evaluate the effect on heat
exchanger performance. The data
collected from each experiment
was used to calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient, which
was then used as a basis to
compare the performance
between each heat exchanger. In
general, the
results showed that in steady state
operation the overall heat transfer
coefficient increased as the
cold mass flow rates increased,
with the highest overall heat
transfer coefficient equating to
the
plate heat exchanger when
operating at counter current flow
Heat exchangers are devices that
are used as a surface for thermal
heat transfer between fluids. The
experiments carried out
investigated the performance of
three main heat exchangers:
double pipe,
shell-and-tube and plate heat
exchangers. Each heat exchanger
was tested under two different
flow
arrangements: parallel (co-
current) flow and counter current
flow. Aside from flow
distribution cold
mass flow rates were varied to
evaluate the effect on heat
exchanger performance. The data
collected from each experiment
was used to calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient, which
was then used as a basis to
compare the performance
between each heat exchanger. In
general, the
results showed that in steady state
operation the overall heat transfer
coefficient increased as the
cold mass flow rates increased,
with the highest overall heat
transfer coefficient equating to
the
plate heat exchanger when
operating at counter current flow
Heat exchangers are devices that
are used as a surface for thermal
heat transfer between fluids. The
experiments carried out
investigated the performance of
three main heat exchangers:
double pipe,
shell-and-tube and plate heat
exchangers. Each heat exchanger
was tested under two different
flow
arrangements: parallel (co-
current) flow and counter current
flow. Aside from flow
distribution cold
mass flow rates were varied to
evaluate the effect on heat
exchanger performance. The data
collected from each experiment
was used to calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient, which
was then used as a basis to
compare the performance
between each heat exchanger. In
general, the
results showed that in steady state
operation the overall heat transfer
coefficient increased as the
cold mass flow rates increased,
with the highest overall heat
transfer coefficient equating to
the
plate heat exchanger when
operating at counter current flow
Heat exchangers are devices that
are used as a surface for thermal
heat transfer between fluids. The
experiments carried out
investigated the performance of
three main heat exchangers:
double pipe,
shell-and-tube and plate heat
exchangers. Each heat exchanger
was tested under two different
flow
arrangements: parallel (co-
current) flow and counter current
flow. Aside from flow
distribution cold
mass flow rates were varied to
evaluate the effect on heat
exchanger performance. The data
collected from each experiment
was used to calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient, which
was then used as a basis to
compare the performance
between each heat exchanger. In
general, the
results showed that in steady state
operation the overall heat transfer
coefficient increased as the
cold mass flow rates increased,
with the highest overall heat
transfer coefficient equating to
the
plate heat exchanger when
operating at counter current flow
Heat exchangers are devices that are used as a surface for thermal heat
transfer between fluids. The experiments carried out investigated the
performance of three main heat exchangers: double pipe, shell-and-tube and
plate heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger was tested under two different
flow arrangements: parallel (co-current) flow and counter current flow. Aside
from flow distribution cold mass flow rates were varied to evaluate the effect
on heat exchanger performance. The data collected from each experiment was
used to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient, which was then used as
a basis to compare the performance between each heat exchanger. In general,
the results showed that in steady state operation the overall heat transfer
coefficient increased as the cold mass flow rates increased, with the highest
overall heat transfer coefficient equating to the plate heat exchanger when
operating at counter current flow.
OBJECTIVE
: To Study Heat Transfer in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
Aim: To Calculate LMTD, Heat Transfer Rate and Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient

INTRODUCTION
Temperature can be expressed as the amount of thermal energy a substance
comprises of; this thermal energy can be transferred from one fluid to another
by heat exchangers. In process industry heat exchangers are vital in ensuring
that inlet flow streams and outlet flow streams are maintained to maximise
efficiency. A heat exchanger is a device that facilitates the transfer of thermal
energy between two or more fluids. For majority of heat exchangers, heat
transfer occurs indirectly, this is done via a heat transfer surface that separates
the fluids ensuring they do not come into direct contact with each other or
leak. However, there are a few heat exchangers where direct contact occurs
between the two fluids to exchange heat. The transfer of heat happens by
three principle means: conduction, convection and radiation. Heat is
transferred from the fluid to the solid wall of the pipe/plate by conduction and
heat is transferred from one fluid to another by convection; radiation is not a
factor within heat exchangers.
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common heat exchanger found in
the process industry. This heat exchanger consists of bundles of tubes that are
mounted within a cylindrical shell, flow distribution here permits the flow of
fluid within the bundles of tubes while the others flow across them. Shell-and-
tube heat exchangers are primarily used for liquid-to-liquid, gas-to-liquid, and
gasto-gas heat transfer applications (Shah and Sekuliâc, 2012).
Plate heat exchangers are less common in comparison to tubular heat
exchangers; nonetheless, they do provide an alternative use. Plate heat
exchangers are used for low and medium-pressure liquidto-liquid heat transfer
applications. Plate heat exchangers are designed with several metal plates
mutual contact, these plates are clamped together in a frame that provides
connections for the fluids. Each plate is provided with gaskets for sealing
arrangements, plate heat exchangers are also known as gasketed plate heat
exchangers (Kuppan, 2000).

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Heat exchanger calculations
heat transfer occurs by convection in fluids and by conduction from the fluid
to the wall of the pipe. This heat transfer is down to the difference in
temperature between the hot fluid and the cold fluid. This process can be
defined using the overall heat transfer coefficient ‘U’ where:
𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴s∆𝑇lm
AS is the available surface area of the heat exchanger, the surface area for all
three heat exchangers investigated are given as: double pipe heat exchanger
𝐴𝑠=0.025m2 , shell-and-tube heat exchanger 𝐴𝑠=0.02m2 and the plate heat
exchanger 𝐴𝑠=0.048m2 .
The overall driving temperature difference in equation 1 is known as the
logarithmic mean temperature difference, this depicts the exponential decay
of the local temperature difference, which is defined as:
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2/ ln(∆𝑇1 /∆𝑇2)

where for a parallel flow heat exchanger:

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑛 , ∆𝑇2 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡
and for counter flow heat exchanger:
∆𝑇1 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡 , ∆𝑇2 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑛
The heat transfer rate is dependent on the mass flow rate 𝑚̇ , the specific heat
Cp and the absolute temperatureT.
𝑄 = 𝑚̇ 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
Heat transfer for a hot fluid:
𝑄ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 𝑚̇ ℎ𝑜𝑡𝐶𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡 (𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛)
Heat transfer for a cold fluid:
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 𝑚̇ 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑𝐶𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑(𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛)
Qm is the mean value for Qhot and Qcold. This value is used to calculate the
overall heat transfer coefficient when Qhot and Qcold values differ.
𝑄𝑚 = (−𝑄ℎ𝑜𝑡) + (𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑) /2 = (𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 − 𝑄ℎ𝑜𝑡)/ 2
The overall heat transfer coefficient ‘U’ is used to compare the performance of
different types of heat exchanger. The higher overall heat transfer coefficient
the better the performance
. 𝑈 = 𝑄𝑚/ 𝐴𝑠∆𝑇𝑙

PROCEDURE
1. Connect shell and tube heat exchanger to the base plate of the GUNT
service unit and ensure set up enables parallel flow. This is done by connecting
the cold inlet pipes and hot inlet pipes to the same side using the respective
couplings.
2. Using the immersion heater as shown in figure 4 set hot inlet temperature
to 70C, allow temperature to reach set point.
3. Turn on pump.
4. Set hot mass flow rate to the maximum flow by turning the regulator valve,
for hot water, anticlockwise.
5. Set cold mass flow rate to 0.60 L/min by turning the regulator valve, for cold
water, anticlockwise.
6. Allow outlet temperature to stabilise and reach steady state, using figure 5
as a guide, at this point all temperature plots should become parallel to each
other. When temperature plots are parallel and no further expected
fluctuations record the inlet and outlet temperature.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for the following cold mass flow rates: 120 L/hr and
160 L/hr.
8. Turn off pump and close both regulator valves.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

 3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
1 2 3 4 5

Heat transfer coefficient for 120LPH

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT COLULATED
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1 2 3 4 5

HEAT RANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR 160LPH

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Ultimately, the goal of this experiment was to determine the overall heat
transfer coefficients, model parameters, and effects of altering the flow rates
of a small shell and tube heat exchanger. The two technical objectives of the
experiment were to evaluate the effect of variation in flow of the cold, shell-
side, and hot, tube-side of a shell and tube heat exchanger. These changes
were observed through the steady-state heat transfer rate and the overall heat
transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger.
From the results, it can be concluded that as the flow rate of a shell and tube
heat exchanger is altered, an effect on the rate of heat transfer, log mean
temperature difference, the inside and the result obtained from the
experiment can be very important when it comes to determining the efficiency
of a shell and tube heat exchanger

REFERENCE
Shah, R. and Sekuliâc, D. (2012). Fundamentals of heat exchanger design.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp.13-22
. Kuppan, T. (2000). Heat exchanger design handbook. New York: Taylor &
Francis, pp.4-5.
Trdine, J. (2017). Heat Exchangers - Design, Experiment and Simulation.
Croatia: InTech, p.14-15.
Klaus, S. (2011). Experiment Instructions WL110-SERIES Heat Exchanger with
Service Unit. [ebook] Germany: G.U.N.T. Gerätebau, Barsbüttel, pp.47-63.
Available at: https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/18346/files/350660/download?
wrap=1 [Accessed 27 Oct. 2019]. Rubini, P. (2019).
Heat exchanger equipment. [image] Available at:
https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/18346/files/folder/WL%20100%20Heat
%20Exchanger/Images%20 of%20equipment [Accessed 1 Nov. 2019].
Klaus, S. (2011). WL 110.01 heat exchangers. Available at:
https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/18346/files/folder/WL%20100%20Heat
%20Exchanger/Images%20 of%20equipment [Accessed 1 Nov. 2019].