Course No:AEXT 191 Pee GeDefinition of Society Society is defined as a group of people in more or less permanent association who are organized for their collective activities and who feel that they belong together. Characteristics of Indian Rural Society: 1, Agriculture is main economic activity of rural people. It is based predominantly on Agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood, The land is distributed between certain families. The distribution of land is between a big Jandowner and rest of the community, possession of which (land) has prestige value 2. Caste is dominant institution of village. It is peculiar type of grouping found in rural India, The village is governed to a very great extent by traditional caste occupations, carpenters, cobbler all belonging to separate castes, caste relations are important characteristics of rural life smiths, washer men, agricultural laborers ete 3. The religious and caste composition of village largely determines its character. Different castes exist in village due to social distance. The habitation of each caste is separated from others. The habitation area has usually a distinet name e.g. Harijanawada 4, Each village is independent. All villages have their own organizations, authority and sanctions. Every village has Panchayat which is village self government 5. Village settlements are governed by certain traditions. The layout of the village, construction of houses, the dress ete is allowed according to the prescribed pattems of the culture of the area. In different areas a certain degree of diversity (differences between villages in the above aspects of the village life) in village organizations is peculiar 6. The rural society is self-sufficient. The unit of production in rural society is the family, which tries to produce much of its required goods. Economic production is the basic activity of rural aggregates (rural groups) 7. Asa territorial, social, economic and religious unit, the village is a separate and distinet entity 8, It is common to find out a sense of attachment towards own settlement site. In rural society people do not have widely diversified tasks in different parts of the community9. Village is characterized by isolation 10. The chief characteristic of rural life is homogeneity, there are not many differences among people pertaining to income, status ete. 11. The other characteristics are :- less density of population, less social mobility, less education simplicity traditionalism, fatalism and believing superstitions ete Draw a Village lay out (Diagram) in detailName of the Village: Mandal: A. NATURAL RESOURCES: L.Land: ‘S.No | Nature of Land Total(ha) Cultivable Uncultivable 1 Wet 2 E Wasteland 2.Types of crops: S.No | Types of Total Area Tncome Rainfed: Crop rotation followed: 3.Source of water: No __| Types of open water Total Tnuse Not in use| 1._| Well 2._| Ponds 3._| Canal Length Width a__[ River 5._| Others Drinking water S.No | Sources Total No. of beneficiaries Uncharged users Charged users 1 Tand pump 2._| Overhead tank 3.__| Tube wells Depth: Single motor Double motor Horse power 4. [Others4-Types of soils: Is there any Problem soils ? If so, Explain 5. Climate: 6. Forest area: 7.Common trees in the Village: 'S.No_| Type Total 1._| Tamarind ‘Neem Mango) Coconut B.MANMADE RESOURCES: Transport and Communication: 1. Transport Mode of transport Frequency/day | 1 Government bus | 2._| Private Bus 3 ‘Auto rickshaws 4.__| Others 2.Communication No. of telephone lines: No. of Public telephones: No. of mobile phones: Is there Post office in the village No. of Workers: No. of Cable operators Others: No. of Television Sets: No. of Radios: No. of Newspaper readers in the village: Newspapers available in the village: YES/NO3, Health Services Does primary health centre exist? Does maternity home exist? Ifye YES/NO. YES/NO No. of Doctors No. of Nurses] Other workers] Open di nights? juring Emergency facilities “Any other remarks Does medical shop exist in your village? YES/NO. 4, Public Distribution System No. of PDS | Year of No. of workers | Working Days ] Consumer heads Shops initiation (Average) Community Hall ‘Open land | Building | No. of Facilities] Year of ‘Construction area area Workers construction _| expenditure 6.Library Facilities ‘Open area | Building | No. of Books | No. of Total Year of area Workers _| subscribers construction 7.Panchayat Building “Area No. of Year of Workers _| construction Construction expenditure 8.Roads S.No Types of | Kilometer roads ‘Scheme Na me Year T Bitumen Road ‘Cement Road Brick Road Gravel Road ‘Mud Road9. Street lights S.No_| Type of street light No. of street lights 1._| Sodium Vapor lamps 2. | Tube lights 3._[ Bulbs 10. Toilet facility S.No] Typesof | Inuse Not in use Reason toilet T,_| Publie toilet 2, | Individual toilet 3._| Total T1-Educational facilities S.No | Schools Total no, of students Nature and condition of Male Female construction 1 Primary 1 2._| Middle | 3. High | 4._| Higher Secondary | 12, Financial Facilities S.No_| Institution Total No Remarks 1._| Banks 2.__| Co-operatives 3.__ Private money lenders 4. SHGs s._ [NGOS ‘Any other observations: 13. Religious facilities S.No | Holy places Nos No, of people | Festival season visit T_| Hindu 2._[ Muslim 3._| Christian 4. [Others Kny centers of religious pilgrimage:14.Recreat al facili No _| Recreational facilities Total No, T Play grounds Theatres, Cinemas, Dramas Radio TY. Clubs 18.Occupation: S.No | Occupation Total No 7 Farming 2. ‘Agricultural labourers 3. Teachers a Doctors 5. Nurses e Drivers 7. Mechanics 16.Size of community: Total No. of Families: Farming families: 17.Density of Population Area of the village: Population Density 18.Do you observe homogeneity? Explain in detail19.Social Stratification: Caste wise Total population Education Employment Caste Male Female Male Female Male | Female SCST BC oC Total Class Total Remarks T. Poor 2. Middle class = Rich 20.Land ownership and Tenancy: S.No Category No. of farmers Medium(4-6 hay Semi-medium(2-4 ha) Small(1-2 ha) 4__| Marginal (less than 1 ha) Total No, of tenant farmers Total area under tenancy 21,.Social Control: 22.Social mobility: 23.Leadership pattern in village:Conclusions and Feed back on the visit:2. Visit to a village to identify different social groups to which the farmers are associated Definitions of Group: A social group is a unit of two or more people in reciprocal (to and fro) interaction and in communication with each other.- Chitambar Social group as a collection of human beings who enter into distinctive social relationships with one another- Maclever ‘A social group is a collection of two or more individuals in which there are psychological interactions and reciprocal roles based upon durable contacts, shared norms, interests, distinctive pattern of collective behavior and structural organization of leadership and followership- Sharif and Sharif. Elements of Social Group: 1. Social unit 2. Psychological interactions and reciprocal roles, Durable contacts 4, Distinctive pattern of collective behavior 5. Sharing of norms and intere 6, Patter of leadership and followership‘Name of the farmer: Village: Mandal: Based on Type of group/s ‘Groups to which the farmer is associated The type of relationship Primary Secondary groups Mode of organization and functioning Formal groups Informal groups Structure and type of membership Voluntary groups Tnvoluntary groups Social class Horizontal groups Vertical groups Personal feelings In group Out group Territory or locality Locality group Size ‘Small groups Large groups Reference groupISIT TO A VILLAGE TO STUDY THE VILLAG SCHOOL Institution is an organized system of social relationship, which embodies certain common values and procedure and meets certain basie needs of society Social Institutions are organized and established ways of satisfying human needs Social institution is the structure and machinery of human society, which organizes, directs the multifarious activities required to satisfy human needs Essential features: Organized structure (System of social relationship) Prescribes rules and procedures Culturally approved pattern of behavior Definite purpose Relatively permanent. Social institution is also know as village institution or basic institution, SOCIAL __] FUNCTIONS MAJOR ROLES PHYSICAL ] SYMBIOTIC INSTITUTION TRAITS | TRAITS Family Bearing and | Father, mother, and children | House, Ring rearing of furniture | wedding children contract, wills Economic | Providing _ | Employee,Employer,consumer, | Factory, | Production, institution | food, producer office, farm, | awards, shelter and store trademark, clothin; emblem Religious | Promoting | Priest, pastor members ete. | Temple Geetha institution | co church, Bible, operative mosque | Quran attitudes Political Enforcing | Officer, govt. people Public Flag code, institution | rules, laws buildings, | laws ete and public standards works Educational | Socialising | Teacher, students Universities, | Diplomas institution | persons into colleges, | degrees basic values schools and practices of society‘The basic social institutions ar Family Religious institutions Educational institutions Economic institutions Political or Government institutions Educational Institutions: These are those, which seek to socialize individuals in society. The socialization commences informally at home and than formally in an institution of education. This ‘major institution has tremendous influence on the behaviour of rural people and their inter-relationships Role of education in extension: