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    © All Rights Reserved
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    12 views5 pages

    Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Dewi Novi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 5
    lex Variables a Compl (OY ee cowverges to 14) for each = nD, and iT is ayo, cen ig ett sie D, ten J 2900 converts sity for all # inside P- Solution: If fal2) is the mth partial sum of the series )” gq(2), then the 4, quence lfp(2)} satisfies the conditions of Prob. 7.40 and the conclusions fog immediately 7.5 Power Series ‘A power series is an infinite series of the form Sae-20%, whore 29 is a fixed comple amber aid for a = 1, 2,3, -+< are given cooper numbers. : “The circle of convergence C2 |= z9| = R is the greatest circle about z5inside ‘tik he power econ J ano2 29) omega each pot. (Ct Fi. 74) hs ra ofcorvergene trading Se ce of conereace ot CFs mes ircle of convergence ia converges absolutely and oats ‘A power series is\unifonaly convergent in the closed region |z ~ 29] $1¢% -Sssociated ‘with each power series in which vihich the series diverges. (Ct, Prob 7.1) were Fis any positive sume? smaller thaa PROBLEM 7.42 (a) Show that if a power series) aq (z ~ 2<)" converse (it 22 with 414 4 then it converges unifomly and absolutely fr al = sai ing 12~20|$r, where rS|2,~z5|. (b) Show that if the power series 9! pat @ for 2= 24 with £420, then it diverges for all 2 sasitt Iz fo1> l24~ zol. () Show that the power series of pat (@) conver foluely and uniformly everywhere, or converges only for 2 = Zo, or else D2 4 positive number R such that the series converges absolutely and anifoel all 2 satisfying |2~29| S1- |2,~zo|, and sup- jects Feels 20" comeraes. Then y pt, Fey ly~ 25) com reqs. Tos contradiction proves that the seties diverges for all sats Toto? [22 Zol> (pt Pe the setof values p62) = [2 20] foal efor which J” age ~ 20" cenees, The set is not empty since the series always converges for 2 = Zo firas partial sums are thén zero), and therefore, p(z9)= 0 belongs to the set. fon, Pus either unbounded or bounded. First, suppose that it is unbounded: Then by part (@), the series converges absolutely and uniformly for all 2. Al- temiely, iP is bounded, let R be its least upper bound. Then, if z, is such that p@2) R, or, equivalently, \s-25|>R, then, by part (0), the series diverges. That is, the series diverges la all: outside the cixcle of radius R centered at z= 5. If the least upper band R of the set P is zero, the argument shows that the only value of 2 for hich the series converges is 2 = Zo, where the series converges absolutely. [sai 43 “Show thet ‘the geometsc series 12 » (fe convergent inside and on any circle || =r <1, and. @) merge “ Seton: : ee ‘tion: (a) The nth partial sum Sq and the sum S of the geometric series Lerertyg? eg PTB tos ate = 20/02) and 1/2) provided O< 121 <1. Morel s re ing RY abi hr -n. and all Z satisfying Seng ae Thus, the series 1424.2" +++ converges miformly for all 2 inc 1g Ler SM sitte [| = rc. . "toy gag lie inside the cicele |z| = 1. From part @), [Sx~S1= 12"/(1 = 2 |- number € be given, and suppose that there is a positive integer ” Positive 183 Complex Variables NV such that [27 ~2)| <€ for all n> and all 2 satisiving |2| <1. Then, since N+1>N, [2"#1/~2)| [2 zol and C” lies entirely inside C since p’ and there isa positive number M such that |f(E)| Fol Reamdl Ezeh = 1@~ 20)~te,— 2] 2B [25 Za Pe = 14. zol. Hence, for each 2, % 4 2 inside C’, et = 1 Me2R" Mp PP) P= PP leeeal <= Therefore, lee) ~ 2g" < +) for alt 2, 4 29, 2 inside C- — Sequences and Series 189 Ly jim | ¢(2,) (2, - 20)"| = 0 for each z, cies Beh fa "| =0 foreach 2,4 25,2, in C, and, in par naz Since £(2)(2~ 2)" = Ry, the ssa, (08% 2)" = Roy the remainder after n terms of the sete series, the Series converges fo f(2). Since the series also converges for Tat Tote its sum is (2), i converges tof) for each ¢ inside pRoBLEM 7.45 If f is analytic at z~ 25 and the singularity of f nearest to zo feat adistance R from , show that the Taylor expansion of f(2) about the zeconverges absolutely for each z inside the circle C of radius R centered point 2 = Mize te and diverges for z outside C. Also, show that the expansion converges Sifmly for all z inside a citcle C’ of radius R’ about z= 25 as the center, provided that R”< R. ‘The proof is immediate from Probs. 7.42 and 7.44, Salat PROBLEM 7.46 Under the hypotheses of Prob. 7.45, show that for all contours caitely inside C, (9%) = > £[Lmeoe-20”], ax [21 wf reae-y° J [5 1a 19"] 6. = Solution: These follow immediately from the uniform convergence of the Taylor seties and Probs. 7.36~T and 7.40. a gee see ee iSuha Taylor seties is also called a Maciaurin series. PROBLEM 7.47 Expand the following functions in Maclaurin series: (0) e*, sin 2, (6) cos 2. Sleion: (a) The nth derivative of ef i aMerVde" = €%, FO ~ <= 1 be and f()=e%=1. Therefore, eee be (© The nth derivative of sin ev? con eit nis old Gin) =D" sinz if nis even. Meee, £0) «0 ana fq eenk or? itis ott if mis even. <0 190 Complex Variables Tabac 2 Fo ent senting 20° 1 z A Pa (©) The mh derivative of cos zis Fi teos a CUP sine ifn is oda reed Sree are Hence, f(0) = 1 and 5%) =0 if mis odd cur" ifmiseven. Zz Therefore, cos za1s YT CoP 2, substituting x= 2%, ‘ — cos sat on om Since each of the functions in this problem is entife, the expansions are valid for all values of 2. pecan Ty atistying 0 <2 ing 0S 7, $12 Solution: (@ The given series can be written as = aed ob 1 Soce -acinn J apa” te gir seins whit ocorrgne sor 0 121 6% * is absolutely convergent for these values of z. That is, )” | auz”| converts = for O<|z/

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