Introduction

History
Types of Embedded
System
Characteristics
Features
Advantages
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded
as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded
systems control many devices in common use today.

Definition

Hard to Define
Computing Systems embedded within electronic
devices
Nearly any computing system other than a desktop
computer
An Embedded system is a specific to a application, whereas a computer system is
generic.

Though the components are same there is substantial difference in them.

A personal computer is not designed to perform a specific function, rhather it is able to

do many things.

The essential difference is that a computer when manufactured is in blank state, the
manufacturer does not know what the customer will do with it, while an Embedded
system is application specific.

An Embedded system is a component within some large systems

If required each of the embedded systems are connected by a sort of a communication
network.

Numerous embedded systems make up the computer system.

It is designed to do some particular task.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware
and are stored in ROM or flash memory chips.
Timeliness - Even infinitely fast computer embedded software needs to deal with time
because the physical processes with which it interacts evolves over time.

Concurrency - Engage with the physical world where multiple things happen at once.

Liveliness - Program must not terminate or block waiting for events that will never occur.

Heterogeneity - Different computational styles and implementation technologies

interact with events occurring.

Reactivity - React continuously to the environment at the speed of the environment.

Reliability and security - The system must be reliable and secure against errors.

Interaction with physical devices - The communication of embedded systems is

performed through unusual i/o devices that sometimes require signal conditioning.

Robustness - The conditions of the embedded systems operation may be adverse, so

they must be as robust as possible.
Low cost
Small size
High reliability
Fast operations
Easy to manufacture
Fewer interconnections
Portable, such as digital watches, mp3 player, etc
Real time response
No user interface
Not much data storage
C has been the language of the embedded programmers. It is fairly simple to learn,
compilers are available for almost every processor in use today.
C which is considered as a middle level language having both the constructs of the low-
level as well as high-level, has all the rich features in it that makes it the choice of the
embedded programmers.
C is not the only language used by embedded programmers there are other languages like

Assembly language
C++
Ada

These languages though exists did not gain popularity as C.

Hardware products for National Instruments embedded
systems share a common architecture that includes three
components: an embedded controller for communication and
processing; an FPGA for advanced control, timing, signal
processing, filtering, and custom protocols; and industrial I/O
modules for connectivity to any sensor or device. All of the
components are reconfigurable through a single software
toolchain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
http://www.deligence.com/services/embedded-software-development
http://www.slideshare.net/kondalarao7/embedded-systems-9301887
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