What is exactly is a claim of fact?

Technically, claims of fact refers to a

condition has existed, exists, or will exists and are supported by facts or
data. Claims of fact make an allegation about something that can be
proven or disproven using factual evidence They often pivot on what
exactly is factual and facts becomes arguable when they are
questioned. A claim of fact is not a fact, it only claims to be a fact.

To determine if a claim is a claim of fact: we must first ask weather we

can investigate it through research or interviews? did it happen, is it
true?
There are examples of claims of fact
Fist
the ozone layer is becoming depleted

second
covid and flu spread in similar ways

and lastly,
polar bears are on the verge of extinction due to melting ice caps