Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
CALOOCAN, BALAYAN, BATANGAS

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this chapter was to show the designs, methods and

procedures that were used to prove some statistical details relating the factors

influencing voting behaviors of youth aged 18 to 30 for 2022 National Election,

Academic Year 2021-2022.

Research Methods and Locale

This study entitled “Factors Influencing Voting Behavior of Youth Aged 18 to

30 for 2022 National Election” attempts to find out the different factors that can affect

the voting behavior of the youth from aged 18 to 30 from Santol, Balayan, Batangas

for 2022 National Election.

In order to bring the objectives of the study, the researchers used naturalistic

approach to carefully observe and record some behavior of the respondents,

sometimes over a prolonged period in its natural setting while interfering as little as

possible with the subjects or phenomena. While Correlational Method under

Quantitative research is utilized to treat the stated problems in Chapter 1. Wherein,

according to Mccombes (2019) correlational research is a research design that

Address: Caloocan, Balayan, Batangas 4213

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measures a relationship between two variables without the researcher controlling

either of them.

Researchers may use two ways in doing the correlational research these are

through observation and survey but in this study, both structured observational tools

and survey questionnaires were given to the respondents. It was used to gather

information about the analysis of the effects of the free tuition fee of the universities

to the number of students enrolled in Immaculate Conception College of Balayan,

Inc. academic year 2019-2020.

The research was conducted at Barangay Santol, Balayan, Batangas Inc.

located at Balayan, Batangas under the administration of Rev. Sr. Modesta A. San

Jose A.R., the school Dean/Directress, Academic year 2019-2020.

Population and Sampling

The researchers made used of convenience sampling method. According to

Crossman (2018), a convenience sample is a non-probability sample which the

researcher uses the subjects that are nearest and available to participate in the

research study. This technique is also referred to as “accidental sampling,” and is

commonly used in pilot studies prior to launching a larger research project.

Respondents of the Study

Below are the demographic profiles of the respondents.

Table 1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents According to Gender

GENDER
MALE FEMALE TOTAL
DESIGNATIONS
F % F % F %
College Teachers 5 25 2 10 7 35
School Administrators 5 25 8 40 13 65
 TOTAL 10 50 10 50 20 100

The Table above shows that there is no equal number of respondents

according to gender taken from college teachers. It shows that 25% of the

respondents from college teachers are males and also 10% are females. However,

25% of the respondents from school admins are males and the remaining 40% are

females. The total percentage of the respondents is 50% male respondents and 50%

female respondents with the total combined percentage of 100.

Table 2. Demographic Profile of Respondents According Age

AGE
20-40 41-70 TOTAL
DESIGNATIONS
F % F % F %
College Teachers 4 20 3 15 7 35
School Administrators 8 40 5 25 13 65
TOTAL 12 60 11 40 20 100

The Table above shows that there is no equal number of respondents

according to age taken from college teachers. It shows that 20% of the respondents

from college teachers have an age of 20-40 and while 15% are ages 41-70.

However, 40% of the respondents from school admins are age 20-40 and the

remaining 25% have an age of 41-70. The total percentage of the respondents age
20-40 are 60%, while age 41-70 is 40% respondents with the total combined

percentage of 100.

Table 3. Demographic Profile of Respondents According to Length of Service

LENGTH OF SERVICE
1-25 26-50 TOTAL
DESIGNATIONS
F % F % F %
College Teachers 6 30 1 5 7 35
School Administrators 12 60 1 5 13 65
TOTAL 18 90 2 10 20 100

The Table above shows that there is no equal number of respondents

according to the length of service taken from college teachers. It shows that 30% of

the respondents from college teachers have a length of service within 1-25 years,

while 5% has 26-50 length of service. However, 60% of the respondents from school

admins have the length of service 1-25 years and the remaining 5% have the length

of service from 26-50 years. The total percentage of the respondents who have the

length of service 1-25 years is 90% and 10% has the length of service from 26-50

years with the total combined percentage of 100.

Research Instruments

For the completion of data gathering, the researchers used only one

questionnaire as instrument to deal with the analysis relating the factors influencing

voting behaviors of youth aged 18 to 30 for 2022 National Election, Academic Year

2021-2022.

The questionnaire is composed of 25 item Likert survey checklist. The

questionnaire contains the questions and the items that correspond to the possible

answers of the respondents.

 1. Structured Observation Tools. It involves systematic counting of events

and their relationships. An observation schedule could be used for example to

monitor the conversation between teacher and a student (Wilkinson and Birmigham,

2003).

2. Survey. Is defined as a research method used for collecting data from a

pre-defined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topic of

interest. Surveys have a variety of purpose and can be carried out in many ways

depending on the methodology chosen and the objectives to be achieved (Bhatt,

2019).

2.1. Likert Scale. Is a rating scale, often found on survey forms, that

measures how people feel about something. It includes a series of questions that

you ask people to answer, and ideally 5-7 balanced responses to people can

choose. It often comes with neutral midpoint (Liedke, 2019).

The Table below shows how the collected data was analyzed and interpreted:

Table 4. Verbal Interpretation of Data

Weight Range Qualitative Interpretation

4 3.01 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.01 – 3.00 Agree
2 1.01 – 2.00 Disagree
1 0.00 – 1.00 Strongly Disagree

The Table above shows the interpretation of the responses. If the computed

weighted mean is equals to 3.01-4.00 it will be labeled as Strongly Agree, 2.01-3.00

as Agree, 1.01-2.00 as Disagree, and 0 – 1.00 as Strongly Disagree.

3. Personal Data Sheet. Is a convenient way of organizing all the information

that will be required to fully complete an application form. Instead of trying to keep
track of a number of documents, it is helpful to keep this important information all

together on a few stapled stages (Mover, 2017).

Data Gathering Methods

In order for the researchers to have a basis on the study, the researchers

have gone through data gathering procedure. The data gathering was done by the

researchers through the distribution of structured observational tools and survey

questionnaire that was approved by the research teacher. The researchers first

provided letter to the barangay officials of Barangay Santol, Balayan, Batangas

where the study was conducted. The researcher will seek permission from the

Barangay Officials of Barangay Santol, Balayan. Batangas. After the endorsement,

the researcher will coordinate with the selected respondents aged 18 to 30 from

Santol, Balayan, Batangas. Subsequently, the researcher will ask the selected

respondents to complete the surveys/questionnaires and will conduct an interview

and observations through door to door visitation and social media for the qualitative

components of the study.

Privacy and confidentiality of the participants in the study will be kept

by the researcher with the use of codes provided in the checklist rather than giving

their more personal information during the analysis and transcription of the

researcher’s observation and interview.

Statistical treatment
 To interpret the data effectively, the researchers will employ the following

statistical treatments.