2A

present perfect and simple past s im p le p a s t (w o r k e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, h a d , e tc .)

present perfect: h a v e / h a s + past participle (w o rk e d , s e e n , etc.) They got m a r rie d la st year. 1 43)))
W h a t tim e
did y o u wake up th is m o rn in g ?
1 past experiences 1 42))) I didn’t have tim e to d o m y h o m e w o rk .
I’ve been to M ia m i b u t l haven’t been to T a m pa .
H a v e y o u e ve r lo s t y o u r c re d it card? • U se the s im p le p ast fo r fin is h e d p ast a c tio n s
S a lly has never met B i l l ’s e x-w ife .
(w h e n w e say, ask, o r k n o w w h e n they happened).
2 with yet and already (for emphasis)
l ’ v e a lre a d Jy s e e n th is m o v ie tw ic e . C a n ’t w e w a tc h a n o th e r one? p r e s e n t p e r f e c t o r s im p le p a s t ?
M y b ro th e r h a s n ’ t f o u n d a jo b yet. H e 's s t ill lo o k in g .
H a v e y o u f in is h e d y o u r h o m e w o rk yet? N o , n o t yet. I’ve been to M ia m i tw ice . 1 44)))
(= in m y lif e u p to now )
1 W e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t fo r p ast e xp e rie n ce s w h e n w e d o n 't say e x a ctly I went th ere in 1998 a n d 2 0 0 2 .
w h e n they h appened. (= o n tw o s p e c ific o ccasio n s)
• W e o fte n use ever an d never w h e n w e ask o r ta lk ab o u t past
e xp e rie n ce s. T h e y go b e fo re the m a in verb. • U s e the s im p le p a st ( N O T the p re se n t p erfect)
2 In A m e r ic a n E n g lis h , w e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t an d the s im p le p a st w ith to ask o r ta lk a b o u t fin is h e d a c tio n s in the past,
yet an d already. when the time is mentioned or understood.
• already is used in 0 sentences and goes before the m a in verb. W e o fte n use a past tim e e x p re ss io n , e.g.,
yesterday, last week, etc.
• yet is used w ith Q senten ces an d [?]. It goes at the end o f the p h rase.
• F o r ir r e g u la r past p a r tic ip le s see I r r e g u l a r v e r b s p.165.

a C o m p le t e th e m i n i d ia lo g u e s w it h th e b R i g h t o r w r o n g ? W r it e a c h e c k / o r a n /
p r e s e n t p e r f e c t f o r m o f th e v e r b in n e x t t o th e s e n te n c e s . C o r r e c t th e w r o n g
p a r e n th e s e s a n d a n a d v e r b f r o m th e lis t . s e n te n c e s .
Y o u c a n u s e th e a d v e r b s m o r e t h a n o n c e .
I ’v e n e v e r b e e n in d e b t. </
H o w m u c h h a s y o u r n e w c a m e ra c o s t? X
already ever never yet
How much did your new camera cost?
A _________ y o u __________ th e
1 D e a n in h e r it e d $ 5 , 0 0 0 f r o m a re la tiv e .
lo t t e r y _________ ? (play)
B T h a t 's w h y I ’m s m ilin g - 1 w o n $ 5 0 ! 2 D id y o u r s is te r p a y y o u b a c k y et?

1 A Have ever booked f lig h t o n lin e ? (b o o k )

_________ y o u _____________________a 3 W e b o o k e d o u r v a c a tio n o n lin e a
B Y e s, o f c o u rs e . I’v e d o n e it m a n y tim e s . m o n t h ago.
2 A W h e n a re y o u g o in g to b u y a m o to r c y c le ?
4 W h e n h a ve y o u b o u g h t th a t le a th e r jacke t?
have already saved a lm o s t $ l, 0 0 0 . (save)
B S o o n . I ___________________
Have y o u __________
paid 5 T h e y 'v e f in is h e d p a y in g b a c k th e lo a n la s t
3 A _________ yed ? (pay)
th e e le c t r ic it y b i l l _________
m o n th .
B N o , s o rry . I fo rg o t.
Have
4 A _________ ever lent
y o u r p a r e n t s ____________________ y o u m o n e y ? (le n d ) 6 W e h a v e n ’t p a id th e g a s b i l l yet.

B Y e s, b u t I p a id it b a c k as s o o n as I c o u ld . 7 H a v e y o u e v e r w a s te d a lo t o f m o n e y o n
5 A H o w d oes e B ay w o rk ? s o m e th in g ?
have never used
B I d o n ’t k n o w . I ______________________________it. (use)
8 I’m su re I h a v e n ’t b o r r o w e d a n y m o n e y
6 A _________ ever been
Have y o u _____________________to T h a ila n d ? (be) f r o m y o u la s t w e e k .
B N o , I h a v e n ’t. B u t I'd lik e to s o m e day.
9 I s p e n t m y s a la r y r e a lly q u ic k ly la s t m o n th .
7 A W h y d o n 't y o u h a ve a n y m o n e y ?
Have already spentm y sa la ry . I b o u g h t a n e w ta b le t
B I ___________________ 10 H a v e y o u s e e n th e B a t m a n m o v ie o n T V
la s t w e e k , (sp en d) y e s te rd a y ?

8 A D o y o u lik e H u g h J a c k m a n ?
Have already seen h is n e w m o v ie tw ic e ! (see)
B Y e s, I ___________________
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