SOROSILICATOS

Marco A. Márquez G.
PhD Mineralogía
Representación del
empaquetamiento del grupo
Si2O7
Un par de tetraedros
También denominados
diortosilicatos
Pocos minerales cristalizan
en esta estructura.
 Breve caracterización del grupo

La fórmula general de los minerales de este grupo

corresponde a:

A2B3(SiO4)3(OH) o A2B3Si3O11(OH,F)2

    Con A = Ca, Ce, REE, Pb, Sr, Y

            B = Al, Fe3+, Mg, Mn3+, V3+

Principales
minerales
 Mineral Fórmula

Clinozoisita
Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)

Epidota
Ca2(Fe3+,Al)3(SiO4)3(OH)

Allanita (Ce,Ca,Y)2(Al,Fe2+,Fe3+)
(SiO4)3(OH)
Dissakita
Ca(Ce,La)MgAl2(SiO4)3(OH)

Dollaseita
CaCeMg2AlSi3O11(F,OH)2
 Hancockita
(Pb,Ca,Sr)2(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

Khristovita
(Ca,REE)REE(Mg,Fe2+)AlMn2+Si3O
11
(OH)(F,O)

Mukhinita
Ca2Al3V3+(SiO4)3(OH)

Piemontita
Ca2(Al,Mn3+,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

Strontiopiemontita
CaSr(Al,Mn3+,Fe3+)3Si3O11O(OH)

Zoisita
Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)
Zoisite
 Chemical Formula: Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) = Ca2AlAl2(SiO4)
(Si2O7)O(OH)
 Composition:
Calcium    17.64 %  Ca   24.68 % CaO    
Aluminum   17.82 %  Al    33.66 % Al2O3    
Silicon    18.54 %  Si    39.67 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    0.22 %  H      1.98 % H2O    
Oxygen     45.78 %  O
             ______        ______
               100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Crystal System: Orthorhombic
 Environment: Metamorphic and pegmatite rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1805
 Locality: Rauris and Saualpe, Austria.
 Name Origin: Named after the Austrian natural scientist,
Siegmund Zois (1747-1819).
 Synonym: Anyolite - green   ICSD 66924   PDF 13-562  
Tanzanite - blue   Thulite - red
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect
 Color: Gray, Apple green, Brown, Blue, Rose red.
 Density: 3.3
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to subtranslucent
 Fracture: Even - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an
even pattern.
 Habit: Columnar - Forms columns
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline).
 Habit: Striated - Parallel lines on crystal surface or cleavage
face.
 Hardness: 6.5 - Pyrite
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
Zoisita var. Tanzanita

Pleocroismo
Clinozoisita
 Chemical Formula: Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) = Ca2AlAl2(SiO4)
(Si2O7)O(OH)
 Composition:
Calcium    17.64 %  Ca   24.68 % CaO    
Aluminum   17.82 %  Al   33.66 % Al2O3    
Silicon    18.54 %  Si   39.67 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    0.22 %  H     1.98 % H2O    
Oxygen     45.78 %  O
             ______        ______ 
             100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Crystal System: Monoclinic
 Empirical Formula: Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)
 Environment: Metamorphic and contact metasomatic rocks
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1896
 Name Origin: Named after its resemblance to zoisite and the
monoclinic crystal form
 Synonym: ICSD 66923   PDF 44-1400
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect
 Color: Colorless, Green, Gray, Yellow green, Light yellow.
 Density: 3.3 - 3.4, Average = 3.34
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an
uneven pattern.
 Habit: Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers.
 Habit: Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite
and other igneous rock.
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline).
 Hardness: 7 - Quartz
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: grayish white
Epidota [Ca2 Al2O. (Al, Fe3+) (OH)(Si207) (Si204)]
 Chemical Formula: Ca2(Fe+++,Al)3(SiO4)3(OH) = Ca2(Fe,Al)Al2(SiO4)
(Si2O7)O(OH)
 Composition:
Calcium   15.44 %  Ca   21.60 % CaO    
Aluminum   3.90 %  Al    7.36 % Al2O3    
Iron      24.20 %  Fe   34.60 % Fe2O3    
Silicon   16.22 %  Si   34.71 % SiO2    
Hydrogen   0.19 %  H     1.73 % H2O    
Oxygen    40.05 %  O
______        ______              
100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Crystal System: Monoclinic
 Empirical Formula: Ca2Fe3+2.25Al0.75(SiO4)3(OH)
 Environment: Contact metamorphic rocks
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1801
 Locality: Common world wide. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.
 Name Origin: From the Greek epidosis - "addition."
 Synonym: ICSD 10268   PDF 45-1446   Pistacite - pistachio green
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect
 Color: Yellowish green, Brownish green, Black, Yellow, Gray
 Density: 3.3 - 3.6, Average = 3.45
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Regular - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in a
regular pattern.
 Habit: Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers
 Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming
large masses
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline)
 Hardness: 7 - Quartz
 Luminescence: None
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: grayish white
 Epidota
[Ca2 Al2O. (Al, Fe3+) (OH)(Si207) (Si204)]
Allanita
[(Ca,Mn,Ce,La,Y,Th)2(Fe2+, Fe3+,Ti)(Al,Fe3+)2O.OH(SiO4)(Si2O7)]
 Composition:   
Cerium     27.35 %  Ce   32.04 % Ce2O3    
Yttrium     4.34 %  Y     5.51 % Y2O3    
Aluminum    9.88 %  Al   18.66 % Al2O3    
Iron       6.81 %  Fe    9.74 % Fe2O3    
Silicon    13.71 %  Si   29.32 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    0.16 %  H     1.47 % H2O    
Oxygen     33.84 %  O
______        ______
100.00 %      102.21 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Crystal System: Monoclinic
 Empirical Formula: Ce1.2Ca0.6Y0.3Al2.25Fe3+0.75(SiO4)3(OH)
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1810
 Locality: Greenland, Qaqarssuatsiaq
 Name Origin: Scottish mineralogist, T. Allan (1777-1833)
 Synonym: ICSD 15190   Orthite   PDF 25-169
Propiedades físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Imperfect, [100] Imperfect
 Color: Brown, Reddish brown, Black.
 Density: 3.3 - 4.2, Average = 3.75
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials
characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g. quartz).
 Habit: Disseminated - Occurs in small, distinct particles
dispersed in matrix.
 Habit: Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite
and other igneous rock.
 Hardness: 5.5 - Knife Blade
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous - Greasy
 Streak: grayish brown
 Allanita
[(Ca,Mn,Ce,La,Y,Th)2(Fe2+, Fe3+,Ti)(Al,Fe3+)2O.OH(SiO4)(Si2O7)]
Dual views of the same 0.8
cm Jet black allanite-(Ce) on
quartz.
Location: Tiro Estrella Mine,
El Capitán Mts., Lincoln Co.,
New México, USA.
Scale: Crystal Size 0.8 cm.
 A single prismatic allanite-(La)
crystal with small, lustrous black
magnetite crystals, all on a matrix
of hedenbergite.
Location: Mina Nueva Vizcaya,
Sierra Gorda, Burguillos del Cerro,
Badajoz, Spain.
Scale: Crystal size 0.9 x 0.5 cm.
Hemimorfita [Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2H2O]
 Composition:
Zinc       54.29 %  Zn   67.58 % ZnO    
Silicon    11.66 %  Si    24.94 % SiO2    
Hydrogen   0.84 %  H      7.48 % H2O    
Oxygen     33.21 %  O
            ______        ______
               100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Crystal System: Orthorhombic
 Environment: Veins and beds in stratified calcareous rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1853
 Locality: Nerchinak in Transbaikalia, Siberia.
 Name Origin: Named after the hemimorphic nature of the
crystals.
 Synonym: Calamine   Galmei   ICSD 30012   PDF 5-555   Zinc
silicate
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [110] Perfect
 Color: Brown, Colorless, Greenish gray, Yellow brown, White.
 Density: 3.4 - 3.5, Average = 3.45
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials
characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g. quartz).
 Habit: Mammillary - Larger "breast-like" rounded forms
resembling botryoidal (e.g. malachite).
 Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming
large masses.
 Habit: Stalactitic - Shaped like pendant columns as stalactites or
stalagmites (e.g. calcite).
 Hardness: 5 - Apatite
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Hemimorfita [Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2H2O]
Lustrous, mostly colorless to
slightly reddish-brown
hemimorphite crystals, the
largest 13 x 20 x 2 mm in
size.
Location: Santa Eulalia,
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Scale: 25 x 10 x 25 mm.