TECTOSILICATOS

TECTOSILICATOS

Marco Antonio Márquez G., PhD.

Grupo de Mineralogía Aplicada (GMA)
Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín
Extensión dimensional.

• Tridimensional  cuarzo,
feldespato, zeolitas.
– Todos las esquinas son compartidas.
– Se extiende infinitamente en todas
las direcciones.
TECTOSILICATOS

• GRUPO DE LA SÍLICA (SiO2)

• GRUPO DE LOS FELDESPATOS
• GRUPO DE LOS FELDESPATOIDES
• GRUPO DE LAS ZEOLITAS
TECTOSILICATOS

• Grupo SiO2
*Cuarzo
*Tridimita
*Cristobalita
*Opalo SiO2-nH2O
Estructuras del cuarzo
de baja temperatura
Estructura la sílica de
alta temperatura
Stishovita
Estructuras de la tridimita
Estructuras de la Cristobalita
Cuarzo
Cristobalita
Tridimita
Quartz

• Chemical Formula: SiO2

• Composition:
Silicon   46.74 %  Si  100.00 % SiO2    
Oxygen    53.26 %  O
100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
• Environment: Sedimentary, metamorphic, and
igneous rocks.
• IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric

• Locality: Very common mineral found world wide.

• Name Origin: From the German "quarz", of
uncertain origin.
Propiedades Físicas
• Cleavage: non
• Color: Brown, Colorless, Violet, Gray, Yellow.
• Density: 2.6 - 2.65, Average = 2.62
• Diaphaniety: Transparent
• Fracture: Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle
materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g.
quartz).
• Habit: Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse
sized crystals.
• Habit: Crystalline - Fine - Occurs as well-formed fine sized
crystals.
• Habit: Druse - Crystal growth in a cavity which results in
numerous crystal tipped surfaces.
• Hardness: 7 - Quartz
• Luminescence: Triboluminescent.
• Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
• Streak: white
Variedades
• Agate - banded variety of • Hornstone - flint  
chaledony   • Jasper - red or brown
• Amethyst - purple   chalcedony  
• Aventurine - feebly • Moss Agate - variety of
translucent chalcedony   chaledony  
• Carnelian - flesh red • Plasma - green chalcedony  
chalcedony   • Prase - leek green
• Cat's Eye - chatoyant   chalcedony  
• Chalcedony - • Rock Crystal  
microcrystalline quartz   • Rose Quartz - rose colored  
• Chert - cryptocrystalline • Sapphire Quartz - blue
quartz   colored  
• Chrysoprase - apple green • Smoky Quartz - brown to
chalcedony   black  
• Citrine - yellow   • Tiger Eye - pseudomorph of
• Flint - microcrystalline asbestos
quartz  
Otras variedades
• Apricotine Reddish-yellow waterworn apricot-coloured Quartz
pebbles
• Arkansas Candle A cluster of clear Quartz crystals in a candle-like
formation
• Asteriated Quartz Quartz exhibiting the property of asterism
• Babel-Quartz A Quartz bearing the impresions of partially
disolved fluorite cubes
• Bull Quartz Milky to greyish, massive
• Cape May Diamond Waterworn transparent quartz pebbles
• El Doradoite Trade name for blue quartz or chalcedony
• Haytorite Pseudomorphs of Quartz after Datolite (CaBSiO 4(OH) )
• Hedgehog Stone Quarts containing needle-like inclusions of
Goethite
• Oil Quartz A variety of Quartz from the Tyrol containing yellow
stains in cracks
Amethyst A Purple Quartz
Smoky amethyst
Ametrine A mixture of Amethyst and Citrine - with zones of purple and orange
Aventurine A variety of Quartz containing glistening fragments
(usually mica), which can be cut and polished as a gemstone
Blue Quartz An opaque to translucent, blue variety of
quartz, owing its colour to microscopic inclusions of fibrous
magnesioriebeckite or crocidolite
Capped Quartz A variety of Quartz with seperable portions
caused by thin films of clay seperating different growth phases
in the crystals.
Chert A granular cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz - found in
layers and nodules in Sedimentary rocks, typically light in color.
Technically, it is a "rock" - not a mineral - but it is usually
classified as a variety of Quartz for convinence's sake, since it
is usually composed largely of quartz grains with few other
minerals involved. Similar to flint, but light in color, and formed
in a somewhat different environment.
Citrine A yellow-orange variety of Quartz
Cotterite A variety of quartz with "metallic pearly lustre"
coating normal quartz crystals
Cubic Quartz Distorted crystals with a (pseudo)cubic
appearance. They frequently occur in alpine clefts
Eisenkiesel A quartz that is turned opaque red with hematite
inclusions
Fluorite and Eisenkiesel
Ferruginous Quartz A variety of quartz colored red, brown, or
yellow by inclusions of hematite or limonite, and usually massive
and opaque
Flint A granular cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, typically
dark in color. Technically a rock - not a mineral - but it is
usually classified as a variety of quartz for convenience's sake,
being composed largely of grains of quartz with few other
minerals involved. Similar to chert, but dark, and it forms in a
somewhat different environment.
Herkimer Diamond Clear doubly-terminated Quartz crystals
from Herkimer Co., New York, USA. There are similar terms
for quartz crystals from other locales.
Jacinto de Compostela Quartz Named after pilgrims traveling
to Santiago de Compostela, who used it as a kind of talisman. A
variety of Quartz. A red variety of quartz.
Jasper A dense, opaque, microcrystalline variety of quartz,
usually red, brown or yellow and coloured by oxides of iron. It
is used as a decorative stone
Jasper Dalmatian
 Jasper Green Lace

Jasper Fancy

Jasper Satin Leaf

Jasper Sea (orbicular)

Lithium Quartz A name in common trade use for a pink/purple
translucent to opaque variety of quartz, possibly containing
inclusions of a lithium-rich mineral such as lepidolite - however
it could equally be a misleading/incorrect name, and should be
regarded a simply a coloured quartz until further investigation
on this material is done.
Milky Quartz A semi-transparent to opaque white-coloured
variety of quartz
Prase Originally, the varietal name "prase" was applied to a dull
leek-green colored quartzite (a rock, not a mineral); but over
the years it has been also applied to other materials,
particularly a green colored jasper of similar color. For perhaps
more than a century it was restricted to granular micro-
crystalline varieties of quartz and the original quartzite; but in
recent years euhedral crystals of quartz having a similar leek-
green color have had the term applied to them as well,
expanding the definition beyond micro-crystalline forms. Now
it is simply a color descriptor for quartz: If it is leek-green, it
is called "prase" - whether it is micro- or macro-crystalline, and
no matter what causes the color. Basically, the term no longer
has any scientific rigor - it has become a general term; it can't
even truely be called a varietal name any longer - since it
covers more than one material.
Quartz-beta The high-temperature polymorph of Quartz
Con Hm
Rock Crystal A transparent colourless variety of quartz.
Rose Quartz A rose-pink variety of Quartz, usually found
massive. Transparent Rose Quartz crystals were first found in
1959, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous to this Rose Quartz was
only thought to be massive. It is found in pegmatites.
Recent research indicates that the colour of much Rose Quartz
may be due to microscopic inclusions of a fibrous mineral, such
as Dumortierite [Al6.5-7(BO3)(SiO4)3(O,OH)3 ]
Rutilated Quartz Quartz shot through with needles of Rutile
Sceptre Quartz A variety of Quartz where the crystal width is
greater at the head of the crystal than at the base
Smoky Quartz Black (usually) radiation-stained Quartz
 Chalcedony

Traditionally defined as a fibrous cryptocrystalline variety of

Quartz, more recently, it has been shown that much
Chalcedony is a mixture of Quartz and Moganite, another
Silica mineral.
When it is concentrically banded (often in rather wild
patterns) it is called by the subvaritey name agate. When it is
in flat layers/bands it is called by the subvariety name onyx.
[Note: Many non-banded forms of chalcedony - such as moss
agate - are often erroneously called 'agates'. True agate is
concentrically banded. Mottled and included chalcedonies are
more properly called simply 'chalcedony.' Agatized wood is the
name given to fossil wood where the replacement of the wood
is by chalcedony, but the banding in this case is due to the
wood structure - not concentric deposition of the chalcedony -
and the material is chalcedony, not true agate.]
Agate. A distinctly banded variety of Chalcedony
Variedades de Calcedonia
• Amberine Yellow to yellow-green chalcedony found in Death Valley,
California, USA.
• Azurchalcedony. Chalcedony coloured by Chrysocolla, from Arizona, USA
• Binghamite. Chatoyant chalcedony included with dense and parallel fibres
of Goethite and/or Hematite. Similar to Tiger's Eye
• Bloodstone. A dark green/greenish-blue chalcedony with small red blood-
like spots
• Carnelian. A reddish variety of Chalcedony
• Cubosilicite. Pseudomorphs of Chalcedony after Fluorite - small blue cubes
• Dendritic Agate. Chalcedony containing dendritic inclusions.
• Keystonite Chalcedony. A local trade name for Chalcedony coloured blue
by Chrysocolla
• Landscape Agate. A variety of chalcedony with inclusions giving the
appearance of a landscape scene.
• Moss Agate. A variety of Chalcedony containing green mineral inclusions
(eg Chlorite, Hornblende, etc.) which can be cut and polished as a
decorative stone
• Petrified Wood. Fossil wood replaced by Chalcedony (silica), sometimes
also by Opal.
• Sard. A brown to brownish-red translucent variety of Chalcedony.
• Tigers Eye. Common name for a chatoyant variety of Chalcedony,
pseudomorphous after Crocidolite.
• Chrysoprase. An apple-green variety of Chalcedony.