Participatory Training Model to Increase Competitive Advantage Hand Drawn Batik

of The Coastal Bangkalan Area Based on Sustainable Innovation

By
Liosten Rianna Roosida Ully Tampubolon ¹, Edy Widayat ², Slamet Riyadi³

¹ Faculty of Economics and Business. Dr. Soetomo University

² Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Dr. Soetomo University
³Faculty of Economics and Business. Dr. Soetomo University

Email: liosten.rianna@unitomo.ac.id

Abstract;
The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of participatory training to
improve the innovation skills of batik artisans and to increase the Competitive Advantage
of hand-drawn batik small and medium industries of the coastal Bangkalan area. This type
of research is descriptive qualitative. The sampling technique was purposive random
sampling, while the analysis technique was descriptive qualitative through a
phenomenological approach. The problems found include the low level of innovation skills
of good artisans and the low competitiveness of hand-drawn batik from Bangkalan
compared to competitors at regional, national, and international levels. Data collection
techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD),
observation, documentation, and experts. The results of the research show that
participatory training has a significant effect on increasing the innovation of batik artisans
and has succeeded in expanding market segmentation and creating new markets.

Keywords: Participatory Training, Training Model, Competitive Advantage, Innovation.

INTRODUCTION
Bangkalan is one of the cities on Madura Island that has regional products that have
great potential to be developed, one of which is hand-drawn batik products known as
Gentongan batik. This type of batik has been done for generations and is still being
preserved today. Mrs.t in reality, hand-drawn batik from Bangkalan has low
competitiveness compared to other batik competitors. This low competitiveness is due to
a) Lack of product innovation, b) low human resources, c) not up-to-date technology, and
d) simple or traditional marketing system [1]; [2]. In fact, many efforts have been made to
increase the competitiveness of Bangkalan batik, including training conducted by the
relevant agencies regarding batik coloring, motifs, designs, and packaging. However, the
training participated by these batik artisans is still top-down. Batik artisans just receive a
training package and participate less actively. The implementation of the training was
deemed less effective [3] because:
 The training materials are not in accordance with the basic needs of artisans, so
they are not able to develop hand-drawn batik optimally,
 The skill of the trainers is relatively lower than the skills of the batik artisans who
are trained. This is considered very important to be considered because the
facilitator should be responsible for guiding, educating, and teaching to improve
the qualifications of small and medium industry artisans.
 The volume or frequency of training is not too large.
From this condition, if one wants to increase the competitiveness of Bangkalan batik, it is
necessary to formulate appropriate strategies and types of training [4]. Based on the
condition of the hand-drawn batik artisans in the small and medium industry of the coastal
Bangkalan area so far, the right type of training is participatory training that involves
artisans from planning, implementation, to implementation evaluation. By considering the
above conditions, the problem can be formulated: How is the Participatory Training
Model to Increase Competitive Advantage Hand drawn batik of the coastal
Bangkalan area based on sustainable innovation?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Participatory training
Definition of Participatory Training.
 Participatory training is a learning activity carried out in training where training
participants actively participate, from planning, implementing, to evaluating learning
activities. The role of the trainer in principle is more emphasized on motivating and
involving participants in training activities [5]. Thus, participatory training emphasizes the
active participation of training participants in training activities from the planning to
evaluation stages and the facilitator only plays a motivating and assisting role.

The Purpose of Participatory Training

Participatory training aims to improve the skills of hand-drawn batik artisans in the
small and medium industry of the coastal Bangkalan area who are the trainees.
Participatory training is emphasized on the preparation of training materials to meet the
needs and solve the problems of the participants [6]; [7]. For this reason, it is necessary to
discuss the training objectives agreed upon by the facilitator and training participants. The
types of training expected in participatory training are:
 Training on the use of applications and technology for marketing (e-commerce)
 Training on the use of applications and technology to design batik motifs, such as
Corel Draw and Photoshop software
 Training on the use of drawing table innovation technology
 Training on the use of applications and technology to detect product originality
The participatory training is carried out through the following stages:
1. Survey stages
2. Planning stage
3. Implementation stages
4. Evaluation stages

Survey Stage
The survey stage is the preparatory stage before the implementation of the
participatory training program where the implementing team prepares the physical and
non-physical things needed so that the implementation of the participatory training runs
smoothly and according to the plan. The preliminary survey stage is carried out through
activities to create a conducive training climate by making:
a) Setting the physical environment and equipment in accordance with the
conditions of the participants, where the audiovisual aids should be adapted to
 the physical conditions of the participants. In addition, the arrangement of
rooms, tables, chairs, and other equipment must facilitate social interaction [8].
b) Social and psychological environment arrangements that include facilitators who
act as motivators must be able to create a democratic atmosphere where
participants can express their opinions freely. The facilitator must also diagnose
the needs of the training participants to determine the training materials,
determine the model, and evaluate the results of the training.

Implementation Stage
At the planning stage, all training participants must be involved in developing a
training plan, starting from training materials, mentor criteria, time and place and
everything related to training, including identifying needs and division of tasks and
responsibilities. Furthermore, training participants should be grouped according to the
small and medium industry cluster and the needs of the small and medium industry. The
development of the training model is prepared jointly with all training participants,
especially in determining the training materials, methods and techniques that are in
accordance with the needs of the training participants. The last stage of planning is to
determine participatory training evaluations, including measuring the performance of
participants before and after participating in the training, effectiveness and efficiency,
strengths and weaknesses of implementing participatory training programs and assessing
the effectiveness of training materials.

Implementation of Participatory Training.

After the preparation of all plans, strategies, methods and techniques, and steps, the
training is ready to be implemented. There are several things that the facilitator must do at
the beginning, during, and at the end of the training. The facilitator must be disciplined,
focused, and master the training material. In participatory training, a calm atmosphere
must be created. In addition, the infrastructure must also meet the requirements for the
implementation of participatory training, including training room, table chairs, and
participant seating positions.

Evaluation Stage
At the evaluation stage, an assessment of the results of the Participatory Training
was carried out which was attended by the participants. The elements assessed are changes
in increasing design and motif innovation skills, increasing sales volume, increasing
production volume, minimizing product damage, expanding market segmentation,
increasing product differentiation, and improving the performance of hand-drawn batik
small and medium industries for trainees. Measurement of the success of Participatory
Training can be done through several methods, including trials. In addition, the evaluation
of the implementation of participatory training also evaluates the effectiveness and
efficiency of the participatory model, for the development of a more perfect Participatory
Training Model.

Advantages and disadvantages of participatory training

The participatory Training Model has several advantages and disadvantages. The
advantages of participatory training are: 1) training materials are made by each group of
artisans, 2) there is assistance to training participants by the training organizer, 3) the
training provider seeks to improve the standard of living of artisans as trainees, 4)
community empowerment through a system that designed together with training
participants and focused on empowering artisans in the small and medium industry to
explore their potential, skills, human resources, and natural resources. The shortcomings of
participatory training include 1) lack of time available to solve all problems, 2) debates
occur between participants and facilitators because participants are given as many
opportunities as possible to explore all their abilities and knowledge.

Innovation-based participatory training

The use of natural resources as a result of population and economic growth also
adds to the environmental burden. Population and economic growth are indeed in line with
the use of resources and pollution emissions that have an impact on social and
environmental conditions as well as external pressures experienced by companies. This
condition is a challenge for companies to carry out innovations that can minimize losses
that may be experienced as a consequence of environmental and social changes [9]; [10].
This pressure gave birth to sustainable innovation as a solution to solve various
simultaneously [11]. Sustainable innovation requires a fairly large initial cost and a long
time to return on investment, especially in terms of generating environmental benefits [9].
Even so, sustainable innovation affects increasing the company's competitiveness.
Continuous innovation will result in product diversification so that the business risk will be
borne by the various diversified products [12]. Sustainable innovation also provides
certainty for the company's sustainability. To ensure the sustainability of innovation,
participatory training is needed because it can better accommodate the needs of the
industrial community and motivates artisans of hand-drawn batik small and medium
industries to create various innovations that can be channelled through participatory
training. If this participatory training has become a culture and need of the industrial
community, especially the hand-drawn batik industry, the industry will experience
significant development progress [13]. So, managers need to create a business strategy
based on sustainable innovation through a participatory training approach. In addition,
government intervention is also needed to facilitate participatory training culture by
organizing participatory training programs that are sourced from the needs of the hand-
drawn batik industry [14].

METHODOLOGY
This research is qualitative descriptive research. The sample was taken using a
purposive random sampling technique which was analyzed through a phenomenological
approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, Focus
Group Discussions (FGD), observation, documentation, and interviews with experts [15].
The population in this research is artisans in the small and medium hand-drawn batik
industry, the Department of Industry and Employment, the Department of Cooperatives
and SMEs in Bangkalan Regency, and the Association of Entrepreneurs and Artisans Batik
Bangkalan (PERABEN) [16].

RESULTS

Participatory training is a major need for hand-drawn batik artisans of the coastal
Bangkalan area so that artisans are more motivated to make innovations, including product
innovation and process innovation. Product innovation is expected to produce product
diversification that can increase Competitive Advantage and be used as a basis for
consideration in making strategies to increase Competitive Advantage. The research
findings are 1) identification of the needs of artisans in small and medium industries, 2)
effectiveness of participatory training, 3) Competitive Advantage, and 4) Participatory
training models to increase competitive advantage. Hand-drawn batik of the coastal
Bangkalan area based on sustainable innovation.
Identify the needs of artisans in small and medium industries
Hand-drawn batik artisans small and medium industry from Bangkalan has been
doing various innovations. However, the innovation has not been maximized because the
hand-drawn batik artisans small and medium industry from Bangkalan is difficult to accept
fashion developments or trends in the wider community. Hand-drawn batik artisans small
and medium industry only develops a few motifs and designs that have been standardized
by changing the colour of batik. In addition, hand-drawn batik artisans in the small and
medium industry in Bangkalan also do not participate in types of training for the
development of the hand-drawn batik industry. In Bangkalan, there is no special vocational
training center for batik. This fact is in accordance with the statement of small and medium
industry artisans Tresna Batik, Mrs Supik:
If it's innovation, sir, I've done various innovations. In addition to the things I'm used to
doing, innovation is indeed important, especially in the business of working. Innovation is
important to achieve the goals we aspire to. I have often done innovation in batik. Batik is
also an innovation, sir. For example, if certain motifs are usually yellow, I will give other
colors. I do this for better production. Then, innovation in terms of service, quantity,
quality, and others. I've been doing that ever since. However, during a pandemic, any kind
of innovation will have no impact. We really feel the impact of this pandemic, sir. I've
made various innovations but to no avail. It has been almost 2 years that our various
innovations have been in vain. Even so, I still maintain the quality and production in terms
of colors and motifs (S/small and medium industry Tresna Batik/8/7/21/12.00-14).

The innovations made by the informant Mrs. Supik is in the field of batik coloring
and motifs, quantity and quality and service.
Meanwhile, according to the artisans of the small and medium industry EQ Batik,
Mrs. Eki:
On average, after they buy batik from us, customers ask, "Where are the tailors?" "Do
what?" “What am I going to do with it?” So, I provide sewing services. Batik in the form
of this cloth piled up. I finally made a robe, or fashion clothes and work clothes. This
innovation is somewhat eccentric. Alhamdulillah, during this pandemic we were saved by
this innovation (E/EQ Batik/8/7/21/12.00-14).

So, the innovation made by Mrs. Eki is making fashion clothes. Meanwhile, the
information obtained from the informant of Al-Warits batik, Mrs.Waris is:
Initially, I created a floral scent. Then, after the floral scent, there is the demand for the
fruity scent. After that, there is a request to mix the scent of flowers and fruit. I said, I can.
I tried it, it turns out that the customer likes it too, even though it's only women. Men don't
like it. Well it turns out, men like the scent of sandalwood and frangipani. Finally, I mix
the sandalwood and frangipani scents. The result turned out to be favored by both men and
women. Because it's like this, sir, for customers, even though they like the motif, if they
don't like the scent, they don't want to buy it. On the other hand, if the fragrance is liked by
the customer, but the motive is not, the product will not sell. Finally, I researched, what
kind of fragrance all types of customers like. Apparently, exotic fragrances like spices. So,
I created the scent of Indonesian spices, such as sandalwood, agarwood, frangipani, rose,
 jasmine, and cloves. There is also a cinnamon mix. The latest I created a fresh ginger scent.
It turns out that customers from various countries like the scent of ginger. In addition, they
also like the scent of oranges. So, I'm a product that customers like, such as the scent of
Indonesian spices (W/Warits Batik/9 July 2021/19.00-21.00).

The innovation made by Mrs. Waris is making innovative hand-drawn batik with
aromatherapy from spices, fruits and flowers. Thanks to her innovation, Mrs. Waris
succeeded in exporting hand-drawn aromatherapy batik to America, Singapore, Malaysia,
Thailand, Australia, Korea, China and several European countries. Mrs. This inheritance is
also due to the fact that the product has reached market driving in Java and Bali. In making
aromatherapy innovation, Mrs. Waris is not influenced by the market, but based on the
results of the analysis of consumer tastes which are taken into consideration for making
hand-drawn batik aromatherapy compositions. Mrs. Waris is the only artisans small and
medium industry that makes hand-drawn batik with therapeutic aroma.
Meanwhile, the information obtained from the informant of the artisans of the
small and medium industry EQ Batik, Mrs. Eki, are:
For the promotion until now I am still assisted by the government. Because I get a grant
from the government every 5 years for products from Indonesia worth 25 million every 5
years. Mrs. And also get a grant from the government. Not in the form of money, we are
involved in the activities of Indonesian Products, in the form of videos, catalogs, product
photos, etc., which will be promoted abroad. For promotion abroad, we participate in the
promotion of Indonesian Products. In addition, we also participated in the promotion of the
Disperindag, Ms. Waris can also. They asked for a list of the craftsmen, including Ms.
Waris and Ms. Asih. Apart from that, we also get promotions on podcasts. That's a bit
confusing. This is a cooperative formed by the provincial economic office, sir. Members
who want to promote through podcasts are free. So, whenever entrepreneurs want to
promote, they can wait their turn. In addition, JTV and TVRI also provided promotions for
us (E/EQ Batik/7 July 20212/14.00-16.00).

Innovations made by Mrs. Eki is a promotional innovation through Disperindag in the

form of videos, catalogs, product photos, Podcast promos, and JTV and TVRI TV stations.
Furthermore, Mrs. Eki also added:
However, for the motif design, we also prepare ready-to-wear clothes. Because for Pak
batik, sometimes it's only good when it's in the form of sheets of cloth. After being cut or
made into clothes, its beauty is reduced. So, here I am so I make a pattern first. This pattern
is for a certain size shirt, like that. So, if there is a buyer, there is a pattern right away. So,
the buyer may use another tailor. For buyers from Jakarta or other islands, there may
already be their own tailor (E/EQ Batik/29 May 20212/14.00-16.00).

Innovations made by Mrs. Eki is making patterns on batik fabrics in sizes M, L, and XL
that are ready to be sold.
So, it can be concluded that the innovations made by hand-drawn batik artisans small and
medium industry from Bangkalan are: batik coloring and motifs, batik quantity and quality,
service, ready-to-wear clothing innovation, aromatherapy batik innovation from spices, fruits and
vegetables. fruits, and flowers, marketing innovation through IG, FB, WA and offline,
consignment goods at Deskranada, and promotional innovation through Disperindag in the form of
videos, catalogs, product photos, and promos through Podcasts as well as JTV and TVRI TV
stations, including making patterns on batik cloth sizes M, L, and XL ready for sale.
Even so, there are still many other innovations that have not been carried out by hand-
drawn batik artisans in the small and medium industry from Bangkalan, including motif design
innovations using CorelDRAW and Photoshop technology, wax peeling machines, hand-drawn
batik originality detection machines, motif painting machines and design, e-commerce marketing
technology, and waste treatment technology, as well as patents. Thus, the innovation carried out by
hand-drawn batik small and medium industry from Bangkalan is categorized as low.
Hypothesis 1:
The higher the innovation carried out by the hand-drawn batik artisans small and medium
industry of the coastal Bangkalan area, the higher the competitiveness of the hand-drawn
batik of the coastal Bangkalan area.

Effectivity of participatory training.

The hand-drawn batik artisans from Bangkalan have attended several trainings
organized by the Department of Industry and Manpower, the Department of Trade, the
Department of Cooperatives and SMEs, community organizations, and other sponsors. The
trainings obtained are top-down with material packages determined by the organizers.
Related to this, the informant of hand-drawn batik artisans from the small and medium
industry Naraya batik, Mrs. Nari opined:
I often attend training sir. I have participated in coloring and packaging training. So far,
that's what I've often been invited to. Batik coloring and packaging. Other than that, I don't
know and have never participated. I also have never participated in motif training
(N/Naraya Batik/8 July 20212/14.00-16.00).

The training attended by Mrs. Nari is a coloring and packaging training.

Meanwhile, regarding the training attended by the small and medium industry
informants, Liva Batik, Mrs. Rivatin said:
I once took a competency test in Surabaya. I have only attended 2 trainings from the
government. When it comes to coloring, I can learn on my own. I have also participated in
the dyeing and fabric setting process (R/Liva Batik/8 July 2021/12.00-14.00).
The training attended by Mrs. Rivatin is a competency test training, dyeing and fabric
setting training.
The training which was attended by the informant of the artisans of the small and medium
industry EQ Batik, Mrs. Eki are:
 For me, I happened to be in the province, using a stamp, gold prodo, some gold threads
were sewn, some were attached. But here, I don't know. For me, there are those who make
the wax, sometimes wax becomes waste. So, the training was about how this waste is not
wasted, it is reproduced so that it can be used again. Sometimes training in making wax for
fine batik with small canting. I haven't used it here (E/EQ Batik/7 July 2021/12.00-14.00.

The training attended by Mrs. Eki is training for stamped batik, gold thread prodo,
and the use of waste recycling for the reproduction process.
Regarding the training that was attended by the informants of the small and medium
industry EQ Batik, Mrs. Eki expressed the following opinion:
At the East Java level, sir, there is some kind of discussion. What kind of training do we
want, the Department will cover it later? Well, for example, from the results of the
discussion we want training for 2-3 months. But there are also some trainings that involve
us in the preparation, we are only invited. However, on average, this includes input from
small and medium industries. So, it's better for us. This is good for business. I have
participated in marketing training, sir (E/EQ/9 July 2021/12.00-16.00).

The training that Mrs. Eki had attended at the provincial level was participatory training by
involving artisans to determine training needs. The training organized by the East Java Job
Training Center is more targeted and beneficial for artisans. Regarding the type of training needed
by the small and medium industry hand-drawn batik artisans from Bangkalan, informant of hand-
drawn batik artisans Naraya Batik, Mrs. Nari expressed her opinion:
Design training sir. Especially the much-needed design. But I have never attended. Motive
training is also needed, even though I have never attended. The motifs and designs
influence the buyer, sir. If the motive is different from the others, then the product sells
quickly. What I need is design and motif training (N/Naraya Batik/9 July 2021/12.00-
14.00).

The type of training needed by Mrs. Nari is motif and design training, however,
until now, Mrs. Nari has never participated in motif and design training. The training
needed by small and medium artisans in the batik industry is training materials that are in
accordance with the needs of artisans and facilitators must be more skilled than artisans, as
stated by Tresna Batik small and medium industry, Mrs. Supik as follows:
In my opinion, this is because our artisans are already at an advanced level, sir. So,
if they are given training, they rarely come, sir. Like training in how to make batik,
our artisans are more skilled. Sometimes the source is from Central Java, while we
are more proficient in batik, Ms. The design of Central Java batik motifs is also
different from ours (S/Tresna Batik/9 July 2021/12.00-14.00).

According to Mrs. Supik, the training needed by Tresna batik is that it must cover
interesting material and the facilitators must be experts in their fields. Furthermore, the
researcher wants to know the type of training that is expected by the artisans. An informant
from Al-Warits batik, Mrs. Waris, stated:
 In my opinion, training should involve all training participants, starting from planning,
implementation and evaluation. Training participants can convey training needs, including
providing input on criteria for facilitators. So, we can all be enthusiastic about participating
in the training. In fact, so far, we have been less motivated to participate in the training
because both the training materials and the facilitators are not interesting. In the end, the
artisans didn't go. If we are more involved, then we will be enthusiastic and motivated to
make innovations (W/AW/9 July 2021/14.00-16.00).

The training organized by the relevant agencies in Bangkalan district is more

focused on top-down training. Meanwhile, the East Java Province Job Training Center has
held Participatory Training. However, not many types of training programs are carried out.
The programs include training on coloring and packaging, stamped batik, gold thread
prodo, utilization of waste recycling for the reproduction process, and motifs and designs.
However, this top-down training is less attractive to hand-drawn batik artisans in the small
and medium industry. The majority of artisans expect the training to be participatory so
that they are motivated to innovate. With innovation, it is hoped that the products produced
by artisans can increase competitiveness. Thus, Participatory Training is a necessity today.
Hypothesis 2:
The more Participatory Training for hand-drawn batik artisans of the coastal
Bangkalan area, the more innovation is produced to increase product
competitiveness.

Competitive Advantage
The products of hand-drawn batik small and medium industry from Bangkalan
must have a Competitive Advantage in order to compete in national and international
markets. There are so many hand-drawn batik industries in Indonesia that are growing
rapidly, making competition even higher. Batik products increasingly have a competitive
advantage, both in terms of quality and quantity. Finally, the hand-drawn batik industry
that cannot create Competitive Advantage naturally will experience degradation or
bankruptcy. Information obtained from small and medium industry artisans’ informants
Sumber Arafat, Mrs. Damayanti, are:
What has been done is online through IG, FB, and WA stories, and offline in the gallery.
This is related to marketing. For products, we use a rose motif or a certain color. Our
competitiveness is there. We maintain our materials and quality, sir, especially quality. We
market online through IG, FB, and WA stories, and offline in the gallery in the Tanjung
Bumi area. We also entrust our products to the Dekranasda Surabaya gallery and the
Juanda Dinkop gallery. As for the product, it is related to color, motif, and quality, we
must maintain it, sir. (D/Source Arafat/9July/2021)
 Small and medium industry Sumber Arafat succeeded in producing hand-drawn
batik through product innovation in order to have high competitiveness while still making
quality products, combining richer motifs such as roses, using premium materials, and
utilizing marketing innovation through IG, FB, and WA. When marketing products offline
in the gallery, Sumber Arafat becomes a consignment item at Deskranada Surabaya. Even
so, this business has not used e-commerce innovation. Thus, Sumber Arafat's hand-drawn
batik can still compete in the market. It means, Sumber Arafat hand-drawn batik still
dominates the market driven.
An artisan’s informant from Pesona batik, Mrs. Mei stated:
My hand-drawn batik products have a fairly high competitiveness, including the premium
category with prices reaching 200 million and still in demand. In fact, many upper-class
batik collectors have ordered my premium hand-drawn batik products. For premium hand-
drawn batik, I only produce 1 time, sir. After that I no longer produce. Every week, I can
produce 5 premium batik design motifs. The motive is unique and not yet on the market.
Maybe I am a maniac for making new design motifs. The design ideas never run out. I am
often inspired by ongoing events, such as the world cup. I made ball motifs, cultural
parades, cow races. In this pandemic situation I made motifs for health workers and during
the Asian Games I made motifs for badminton. My hand-drawn batik motifs do not depend
on the market, but I create them myself based on my bright ideas. Every time I launch my
premium hand-drawn batik, it is always quickly bought by consumers. This is what makes
me even more excited and passionate about creating product innovations that have high
competitiveness, sir. (M/Pesona Batik/27 July 2021).

Pesona batik small and medium industry has succeeded in creating premium hand-
drawn batik through product innovation and process innovation in such a way that it can
have high competitiveness. As a result, Pesona Batik can sell hand-drawn batik at very
high prices. The Pesona hand-drawn batik in the small and medium industry is not
influenced by the market's desire to design batik motifs. This means Pesona hand-drawn
batik small and medium industry has succeeded in achieving market driving through the
superiority of the products. When the hand-drawn batik of the coastal Bangkalan area has
reached market driving, the hand-drawn batik small and medium industry can determine
the price according to the wishes of the owner of the small and medium batik industry.
Whatever the price, the product will still sell well in the market.
Hypothesis 3.
The higher the competitiveness of hand-drawn batik products from Bangkalan, the
easier it is to achieve market driving.

Participatory Training Model to Increase Competitive Advantage Hand drawn batik

of The Coastal Bangkalan area Based on Sustainable Innovation.
 From the previous explanation, the researchers developed the following
Participatory Training Model design:

Figure: Participatory Training Model Based on Sustainable Innovation

Participatory Training Model was made in three groups of activities, planning,

implementation and performance evaluation.

PLANNING
A preliminary survey was carried out with prospective trainees to identify the needs of the
training participants, identify the training facilitators, and identify strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats. From the identification, a plan was made regarding the training
participants, materials, facilitators, time schedule, facilities and infrastructure,
infrastructure, systems and procedures, and financing.

IMPLEMENTATION
The training materials that have been formulated by the training implementation team
together with all training participants were: Product innovation (motif/design, coloring),
process (quality, quantity), marketing (e-commerce, blog, web, IG, promotion), technology
(originality). batik, designs/motifs, machine slides), and cooperation (government, private
sector, travel agency).

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
At the end of the Participatory Training, all activities were evaluated, including the
training participants and facilitators. The training participants was then included in the LSP
3 or BNSP competency test to find out the competencies obtained after participating in
Participatory Training. In addition, the performance of hand-drawn batik small and
medium industries in the coastal area of Bangkalan was also evaluated by comparing the
conditions before and after participating in Participatory Training, namely. The
performance evaluated was sales volume, production volume, profit, number of product
innovations, product quality, and the level of product damage.
The success of participatory training based on sustainable innovation proves that:
Minor hypothesis 1:
The higher the innovation of hand-drawn batik artisans in the small and medium
industry of the coastal Bangkalan area, the higher the competitiveness of hand-drawn
batik of the coastal Bangkalan area.
Minor hypothesis 2:
The more Participatory Training attended by hand-drawn batik artisans from the
coastal Bangkalan area, the more innovation is produced and the higher the
competitiveness of the product.
Minor Hypothesis 3:
The higher the competitiveness of hand-drawn batik products from Bangkalan, the
easier it is for the product to reach market driving.

This research is in line with research conducted by Tay K. McNamaraa, Emma

Parryb, Jungui Leea, and Marcie Pitt-Catsouphes who analyzed the effect of training
programs on organizational performance in terms of productivity levels, innovation rates,
and organizational turnover rates in Anglo, German, culture. Nordic, and Eastern Europe.
In the study, it was found that training and age affect employee performance. The
implications of the research results show that the organization's decision to consider a
skilled workforce as an asset that has a competitive advantage that is not easily imitated.
[17]
 Research by Yu-Shan Chen a, Ming-Ji James Lin b, Ching-Hsun Chang in Taiwan
found that the greater the investment in the learning training process, the better the
innovation performance and the more investment in innovation performance, the better the
competitive advantage. The results of the research consider the company's internal and
external factors to competitive advantage through performance innovation mediators. [18].
Meanwhile, Robert Cannon and Terry Hore analyzed that Academic staff
development courses, workshops, and seminars are often considered as productive means
to assist individual learning and bring about change and organizational development in the
long term. On the other hand, the challenges of organizational change and development are
exacerbated by a number of cultural, educational, and social problems, so that the
effectiveness of training is very small. However, the final evaluation of the training often
provides information that participants are satisfied or dissatisfied with the results of the
Participatory Training. [19].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
This research was funded by the Applied Research Grant for Higher Education in the 2021
Fiscal Year with No. Contract: 313/E4.1/AK.04.PT/2021, dated July 12, 2021. Therefore I
would like to thank the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
Mr. Nadiem Makarim, Ministry of Research and Technology-National Research and
Innovation Agency Mr. Prof. Bambang Permadi Soemantri Brodjonegoro, Ph.D, Head of
the Institute for Higher Education Services (LLDikti VII) East Java Prof. Dr. Ir. Soeprapto,
DEA, University Chancellor Dr. Soetomo Mrs. Dr. Siti Marwiyah, SH., M.H.

CONCLUSION:
So far, the training that has been attended by hand-drawn batik artisans in Bangkalan is
top-down, where the artisans only have to follow the training package, which causes them
to participate less actively.
Participatory training is one of the solutions to less successful training. Participatory
training is training that involves all training participants in stages starting from planning,
organizing, implementing, and evaluating. Participatory Training is held based on the
needs of the training participants.
The more participatory training that is followed by hand-drawn batik artisans of the coastal
Bangkalan area, the more innovation is produced to increase product competitiveness.
The higher the innovation carried out by hand-drawn batik artisans small and medium
industry of the coastal Bangkalan area, the higher the competitiveness of the hand-drawn
batik of the coastal Bangkalan area. Furthermore, the higher the competitiveness of hand-
drawn batik products from Bangkalan, the easier it is to achieve market driving

Suggestion
Government intervention is needed to create a Work Training Center (or BLK) specifically
for Hand drawn batik which so far does not exist. The existence of a Bangkalan-style
hand-drawn batik showroom is an effective means of promotion and can increase the sales
volume of hand-drawn batik in Bangkalan.
The government seeks to collect data on the needs of small and medium artisans in the
hand-drawn batik industry which will be used as the basis for making sustainable
participatory training programs through the Tanjung Bumi Batik Association
(PERBATAB) network, the Bangkalan Batik Artisans and Entrepreneurs Association
(PERABEN).

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