The following topics can be taken into consideration while collecting information for the

PMACE Group Assignment:

It has been subdivided on the basis of Overview, events post-independence, events post
liberalization, identification and analysis of economic concepts

Topics that can be included in Overview

1 Methodology of collecting data : Various Types of Reports

carried out
Topic can be further subdivided into:
I) Frequency of doing survey
II) Description of various types of reports/surveys: (NSSO, Labour bureau
reports etc)
III) Estimates they make while calculating level of unemployment
IV) Are the methods used by them conventional, controversial. If no, then the
advantages/benefits of using that particular method
V) Approaches used to measure unemployment

2. Causes of Unemployment in India: ( Eg Excessive complexity in Indian labour Laws, poor

infrastructure leading to less job opportunities, increasing adoption of digital machinery etc,
focus of education system on delivering theoretical aspects)

3. Impact of Unemployment on the Youth: eg rise in problem of poverty, huge loss to

human resources of country, increases crime, get addicted to drugs

4. Types of Unemployment in the country: Disguised, Seasonal, Structural Unemployment,

technological (with arrival of new technology), frictional unemployment, vulnerable
unemployment.
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
(1947 to 1991)

Integrated Rural Development Programme

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana
Training of Rural Youth for Self-employment
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

17.Food for Work Programme (post liberalisation)

18.Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)(post liberalisation)
19.Rural Employment Generation Programme
20.Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana
21.Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
22.Employment Assurance Scheme
23. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
24.
https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/unemployment/causes/top-6-causes-of-
unemployment-in-india/10407
Post Liberalisation: The following highlights the main events covered to increase
employment
1. Make in India Campaign
2. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural employment Guarantee act (2005)
3. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (2015)
4. Start up India Scheme (2016)

Post Liberalisation, the country has been witnessing high GDP growth without a parallel
increase in the formal employment in the organized sector. This can be termed as a
situation of JOBLESS ECONOMIC GROWTH. Analysis this statement. State the reasons (e.g
service sector is not has not been "particularly employment-intensive")

Impact of Demonetisation, Covid 19 pandemic on the employment

How this has led to the problem of brain drain

The sectoral composition of labour has witnessed a notable change. The agriculture
sector, which is considered India’s backbone, now employs less than 50% of the labour
force, while industrial and service sectors have marginally surged ahead.
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
providing
loans and subsidy to enable
people to engage in self
employment
providing loans and subsidy to engage people in self employment

https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IND/india/youth-unemployment-rate- youth
unemployment rate, participation rate

Only a little over 2% of the workforce have secure formal jobs with access to social
security - a retirement savings scheme, health care, maternity benefits - and written
contracts of more than three years. A paltry 9% have formal jobs with access to at
least one social security source.
"The majority of India's workforce is vulnerable and leads a precarious existence," Dr
Kapoor said.
Earnings are slim. Surveys show 45% of all salaried workers earn less than 9,750
rupees ($130; £96) a month. That's less than 375 rupees a day, the minimum wage
proposed in 2019 but later dropped.
 In the long run, the challenge is to ensure that all workers have a basic minimum
wage and social security.

Liberalisation The policy, which met with wide opposition from within the Congress and
even the domestic industry, was seen as the only way out for India after the balance of
payments crisis that brought the country to its knees.

Growth of nominal/real gdp with respect to the unemployment level

Per capita income
Purchasing power parity-comprehensive idea on the standard of living and the cost of
living in a particular country. 
What can be the way forward for a developing country like India to decrease its
unemployment level ?
(Can include the points like Public investment in sectors like health, education, police and
judiciary can create many government jobs, Decentralisation of Industrial activities,
Concrete measures aimed at removing the social barriers for women’s entry,
government needs to encourage entrepreneurship among the youth .


Casualization of labour
Informalisation of labour force

o Labour Participation Rate defines that section of working

population in the economy which is currently employed or
seeking employment.