ISSN: 0011-9342 | Year 2021

Design Engineering Issue: 7 | Pages: 12393-12405

Smart Seat Management with Contactless

Ticketing IN Public Transport
Kavya Shivashankar a Shivaputra b, Meenakshi.L.Rathod c , Harsha.R d
a
Assistant Professor Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Department of ECE., Bengaluru,
India,harsh4no1@gmail.com
b
Assistant Professor Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Department of ECE., Bengaluru,
India,harsh4no1@gmail.com
c
Assistant Professor Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Department of ECE., Bengaluru,
India,harsh4no1@gmail.com
d
Assistant Professor Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Department of ECE., Bengaluru,
India,harsh4no1@gmail.com

Abstract: Now a days embedded technology is emerging more in integrating the numerous
functions inside of it for this purpose it needs various source of selections por department in closed
loop system. This project reduces the man power, saves time of buying tickets and efficiently
operates without human presence and also this is new advent in technology, these systems are
developed to have in built intelligence people are experiencing uncommon things in public
transportation like theft, terrorist attacks, pickpocketing and these becomes difficult to
investigating agencies to analyses the case. Here we are proposing an centralized bus control
system where a passenger has to fill up his details like bus pass by providing unique identification
and address proof to know about passengers which saves that information in database and they
need to purchase a card like bus pass by providing unique ID where it is common to all [Aadhar
Card] and get a card having unique number where it changes from card to card. We are using a
RFID reader to read the RFID unique tags passenger must recharge the card in near by bus stops
using this system can remove the current ticketing system by providing E-tickets by triggering a
message to passenger’s after exiting from the bus before that he must swipe or tap his card to RFID
reader.

Keywords: Radio frequency identification (RFID), Internet of things (IOT), NODE

Microcontroller unit (NODEMCU).

I.INTRODUCTION

The city’s supply chain of essential commodities and its residents are heavily dependent on public
transportation. Buses are used by more than thirty-seven lakh people daily, to control the spread
of corona virus by not allowing people after occupied all the seats in bus providing tickets are not
recyclable its fraud by passenger or conductor if they reuse the old tickets, tracking on thefts and
terrorists are difficult task to investigation agencies. Here we are proposing an centralized bus
control system where, passenger should fill up his details to know about passengers which saves
that information in database using RFID reader to read the RFID unique tags where these RFID

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tags are bus pass card. In this system we can buy those cards by giving our Aadhar number [unique
identification issued by Government of India]. So that number identifies the person hence
monitoring and maintenance becomes easier card can be recharged by near bus stop these cards
can end of use date. Her we have taken it for 1 year these E-tickets are provided by sending
message to passenger after exiting from the bus money detection, remaining amount and travelled
it is easy to keep track of travelling of passengers and also centralized bus station.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

We will survey in brief on the various literature citing the use of RFID for public transportation
usage.

It has been expressed that passenger require to show or swipe the smart card (RFID tag) to the
RFID reader first in the entrance and next while exit of the bus. The expressed idea it should be
noted that scanning RFID card each smart card had unique identification number like ID-1, ID-2,
ID-3………ID20.

These RFID smart cards used were get rechargeable through the nearest bus stop which is
convenient for passenger to get recharge their card, also a use of global positioning System for
calculating the fare base on what distance is travelled by the passenger and also a global
positioning system is used to track the current location of the bus in case of any accidents happens.
In the present generation the population is been increasing so the demand for the public transport
service is also increasing by using a low cost IOT based technique the passenger will get
information whether the seats in bus is available or not with a real time tracking system this system
can detect and display the availability of seat status. A smart card [RFID Cards] provide a paper
authentication, identification, personal data storage of passengers and application process.

III.EXISTING SYSTEM

Many of us people use the public transport these days. In the existing system there are many
problems that are being faced by the general public in terms of being managed in the over crowded
bus. Another problem that our nation faces will be the paper-based ticketing system this method
is being followed in our nation. There is also a problem of getting the exact change in a bus there
is also a possibility of our tickets being lost and paying a huge fine for the loss of a ticket is also a
tedious task and in existing system tickets are issued by a bus conductor they monitoring the traffic
and bus routes. Count of Passenger in the bus is not provided in case more passengers are travelling
in bus more than the bus accommodation over crowd may leads to sudden accidents and advanced
accidents alert system is implemented. so, in this proposed method the live location of bus is
monitored and live location can be viewed these crowd level can be detected and avoided.

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IV.PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

A. Internet of Things in Automatic Fare Collection

B. RFID Based Automatic Bus Ticketing and seat availability

C. NODE Microcontroller Unit

V.DESIGN METHODOLOGY

This proposed system implementation is aimed in real time usage of the Automatic Fare
Collection System and real time tracking of bus in case of any accidents. The proposed project
is very simple, more efficient and also cost effective.

A. Problem Definition

In India, still we are making use of cash for travelling purpose which are creating problems like
each exchange in crowd, unknown passenger details and many thefts are happening while carrying
the cash. The conductor needs to issue the tickets for every passenger along with checking the
documents of monthly passes, daily passes. The passengers have to carry the tickets till the end of
the journey if any reasons the issued tickets are lost and they have to pay penalty or sometimes
they have to face some punishment. On crowded public transportation, the easiest way to contact
the coronavirus. Proposed system which solves the above-mentioned problems and thereby
providing a step from digitalizing the India.

B. Methodology

Smart Seat Management with contactless ticketing in public transport system using NodeMCU,
Sensors, GPS, where passengers can travel safely through the RFID card. ARMLPC2148 is used
in controlling entire system GPS and a RFID reader is interfaced with the microcontroller. Infrared
sensor keeps track of the number of passengers and the availability of seats it detects the person in
10cm range. LCD is used to display the status of the proposed system. GPS provides the longitude
and latitude of two points which is the start and end point of the journey. Here we considered the
haversine formula to calculate the distance. An RFID reader automatically reads the unique RFID
tag number and the processor performing the transaction it to deducts amount from the RFID card.
NodeMCU enables this equipment to connect with internet and make them IOT devices. It is
basically a system-on-chip. This project avoids the spreading of the coronavirus from one person
to another person and maintain the crowd in public transport. Vibration sensor is used to detects
the accidents and access the nearest hospitals by sending the current location of the bus.

C. System Architecture

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GPS – Global Positioning System

NODEMCU-Node Microcontroller Unit

IR SENSOR-Infrared Sensor

RFID READER-Radio Frequency Identification

RFID TAG-Radio Frequency Identification tag [smart card]

D. WORKING

We using a ARMLPC2148 microcontroller, because of its accuracy, speed and multi-tasking

architecture.

Next IR sensor detects the person who are entering into bus counts the passenger and next block
is RFID unit which consists of an RFID reader and RFID tag [smart card].

The purpose of RFID is smart card is used by passenger for entering and exiting from bus while
entering and exiting from bus must swipe his card to RFID reader. If not, card is swiped then the
buzzer will be ON.

After this gps module traced his starting journey (location) of the passenger it will stored and
leaving from bus passenger must has to swipe smart card again, same as before it stores the
destination location and fare amount will be deducted as per km.

Then bus door open and then closes after this it will displays the number of seat availability in bus
to reduce the crowd in buses.

At last, the message will be sent to passenger respective mobile numbers through NODEMCU unit
via telegram application in smart card all the details about a passenger and his mobile number are
linked when they are buying the card.

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E. Hardware Collection and Assembly

1.ARMLPC2148

Fig 5.1: ARMLPC2148

ARM is an Advanced risk Machine is a 32-bit Microprocessor it has 64 pins divided into 2two
ports named as port0 and port1 Both ports consist of a 32 pin each. It has a wide interface compared
to other processor ARM processor speed is faster.

2.LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Fig 5.2: Liquid Crystal Display

Liquid Crystal Display it is a flat panel display which uses the liquid crystals as a primary form of
operation, using a 16 cross 2 LCD consists of sixteen columns and two rows, consumes less power
LCD type is alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display this will display alphabets (such as character)
and numbers from (from 0-9).

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3.IR SENSOR

Fig 5.3: Infrared Sensor

Infrared Sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense the object which are
in surroundings. An infrared sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as infrared sensor it
detects the motion. By usually in the infrared spectrum, all the object radiates some form of thermal
radiation. Infrared sensor can detect these radiations. An infrared tracking which operates using
the infrared electromagnetic radiation emitted from the target to track it.

4.NODE MICROCONTROLLER UNIT

Fig 5.4: NODEMCU

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and prototyping board designs are open source. it has in
built WIFI module the firmware and it is based on the Lua scripting language. Cost of this
NodeMCU is comparatively low.

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5.RFID READER

Fig 5.5: RFID Reader

Radio frequency identification reader (RFID reader) is an device this is often used to gathering the
information from the pre details filled about person (RFID tag), which is employed to track the
individual objects. Radio waves in these RFID which is used to transfer the data from the tag to
reader. Generally known that RFID is a technology which is similar in theory to bar codes. The
RFID tag must be within the range of Reader i.e., RFID reader module, its ranges from 3 to 300
feet, to read the tag. These RFID technology enables a fast identification of the particular product,
and even it is surrounded by many several other items.

6.SMART CARD

Fig 5.6: Smart Card

The RFID tag or smart card contain electronically stored information/data the RFID enables
automated gathering and sending of information between RFID tags and reader. The tag has a
unique identification number which is identified by RFID reader. It operates a low frequency
125KHz and it range up to 10cm and also a low power consumption.

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7.DC MOTOR

Fig 5.7: DC Motor

DC Motor is a electric machine or a electrical motor DC motor converts direct current electrical
power into mechanical energy this produced by a magnetic rotation. DC motors may vary in size
and in power. Which rotates in forward and backward direction (rotates in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions).

8.VIBRATION SENSOR

Fig 5.8: Vibration Sensor

Vibration Sensor is also called by another name called piezoelectric sensor. These are the sensors
used for measuring the various processes, as in the above sentence piezoelectric effects is used
by a sensor to measuring any changes.

VI.EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULT

First module is designed for: tapping the RFID card to RFID reader, first it shows number of
passengers, if the number of passengers exceeds than fixed value, lcd doesn’t display further
functions. If the seat available then it verified the amount in the card.

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Second module is designed for as the reader already traced the starting place, while discharging
once again he must tap his card to reader. RFID reader match the source and destination place
of the unique card number’s person.

Third module is designed for as the RFID reader match the same number if it calculates the
number of kilometer that passenger travels and sends the message of amount deduction and
available balance.

IN case if any accident occurs to bus automatically it sends the message to police station and
medical dispatch and also it has one feature that if any passenger fell in the bus after pressing
panic switch automatically it sends the present location of bus to medical dispatch.

Fig 6.1: Swipe Card and Seat Availability

IR senser used to detects the passenger who are entering into bus counts the seat availability.

Fig 6.2: Name of Passenger and RFID Number

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After the swiping of RFID tag into RFID reader. It transfers the information like name of passenger
and RFID card.

Fig 6.3: Door Open and Door Close

Using the dc motor, we can control on the doors.

Fig 6.4: GPS Searching Signal in the form of Latitude and Latitude.

Using a GPS, we can retrieve the location of the passenger in the form of latitude and longitude.

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Fig 6.5: Distance and Balance

After completion of journey, distance & balance is displayed in LCD unit.

Fig 6.6: Day and Monthly Pass converted

If it crosses the particular fare limit in one day then it is converted to day pass. If the passenger
travelled same route for 15 days, then it converted monthly pass.

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Fig 6.7: Emergency and Accident Occurrence

While travelling in the bus if passenger facing any emergency at that situation, he/she can press
the switch which beeps the buzzer and shows emergency in LCD unit.

VII.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

By implementing this project proposal, we greatly save time and operates efficiently by using
smart card for a manual fare collection system it has some major issues, these issues are overcome
by our proposed system it reduces time for buying tickets and with the help of GPs it stores the
details of travel of passengers and it overcome the problem of keeping or returning

change it is capable to help passengers to make their transactions easy. This project also
encourages digital transaction in India and it contribute little towards the nature by paperless
transactions.

There being a large scope once digitalized one of the other applications which could be
implemented is, when there are children below the age of 16 who would be using card to travel
from their school or college from their home nearest bus stop children’s parents are guardians
could subscribe for a service, let them know where their children are. This system also can be
further developed as we know in every mobile there is a GPS so, GPs will live track a each and
every bus when they are in moment and must GPS system should be in ON it enables to see the
live speed of bus this further extension helpful against driver if he driven the bus in fast speed.

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