1.

Literature Survey (RFID and Android Based Smart Ticketing and Destination
Announcement System) :-

In India, the most widely used public transport system is the ready-to-go bus
facility. However, this ‘ready-to-go’ facility is not as smooth as the need of the hour,
particularly in today’s congested metropolitan cities. Standing in long queues at bus
stands, quarrelling with conductors for trifle matters make the journey uncomfortable
for the passengers. That is why; we have proposed an idea for implementing smart card
technology for ticketing the passengers travelling in bus. The smart card is mainly based
on latest Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. For this purpose, an
interface is built between RFID setup and driver’s mobile phone using a specifically
developed Android app “SwipeNgo”. The interface helps to send passenger ID from
RFID reader to the driver’s mobile phone via Bluetooth. The developed “SwipeNgo”
app is installed in driver’s mobile phone and receives passenger ID from the RFID card
reader via interface when passenger get into the bus. Along with the passenger ID,
“SwipeNgo” also keep records of the stoppage name/no. into database in mapping with
the Global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. The exact fare between source and
destination is calculated and deducted from the balance when the passenger gets down
from the bus. This information regarding balance is also sent to the RFID setup where
the fare is displayed. There is a separate announcement system which alerts the
passengers prior to the next halt.

2. Literature Survey (RFID Based Metro Train Ticketing System) :-

This paper based on automated system for ticketing in the Metro Train System
which is based on unique passenger identification. This is a user friendly system, which
will automatically identify the passenger and deduct the passenger’s fare according to
the distance travelled. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card and rfid reader
are used to make the identification of passenger and transaction very precise. System
thus reduces human errors and efforts. This project is a complete metro train simulator
that will be installed in a metro train. The RF Card technology is used that is it has a
unique id for every tag. Every person is allotted a RF card with the fixed balance in it.
The metro train will keep on passing between the stations and as it stops at the station
the person has to swipe its RF card to make an exit. According to distance travelled by
the passenger the ticket is deducted from its balance, as the person has to show the RF
card while entering and leaving the train station. The MCU is used to perform the above
task along with the display unit and RF ID reader.
3. Literature Survey (RFID Based Bus Ticketing System) :-

This paper presents an automated system for ticketing in the Public Transport
System (PTS) which is based on passenger identification. This is a user friendly system,
which will automatically identify the passenger and deduct the passenger’s fare
according to the distance travelled. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card
and GPS are used to make the identification of passenger and transaction very precise.
The cards being reusable, they are much more convenient compared to the paper based
ticketing system. RFID cards are distributes among the public. The unique ID in the
RFID cards are stored in a database on the internet (Database) along with personal data
and creates accounts for each person. By accessing this database, it is thus possible to
identify the traveller, check his account and deduct the fare from his/her account.
Creating database facilitates efficient filtering of anti-social elements and gives firm
assurance to both passenger and PTS about the transaction. Fare calculation is done
with the help of GPS module and internet (Database). So a change in fare does not
create any confusion as fare calculation is done by evaluating position by GPS module
and rate through internet (Database). System thus reduces human errors and efforts.
The RFID reader used is MFRC522. Minicomputer Raspberry Pi is used as control unit
and programing is done using Python. GPS module 02 is used for the purpose of
distance measuring. Servo motors and LCD are used for controlling and monitoring
respectively.

4. Literature Survey (Bus Detection System for Blind People using RFID) :-

This paper presents a bus detection system using RFID technology that aims to ease the
traveling and movement of blind people. The proposed system consists of two detection
subsystems; one on the buses and the other on the bus stations, database system and a
website. In the bus detection subsystem, the nearby stations will be easily detected and
then announced through a voice message inside the bus. Moreover, any existing blind
person in the surrounding area of the station will be detected by the bus subsystem to
alert the bus driver about the number of blind persons. In the bus station subsystem, the
coming buses will be detected and then announced in the station in order to alert the
blind people. A complete system prototype has been constructed and tested to validate
the proposed system. The results show that the system performance is promising in
terms of system functionality, safety, and cost.
5. Literature Survey (Fool Proof Ticketing System for Public Transport summery)

The proposed system merges tracking and ticketing to solve the persisting problems
The public carrying the RFID-enabled smart card will have access to all the buses
plying through the city. The system will store user data automatically and will transfer
the required data to the main server. The server will automatically update the
transactions for each user. This automated system will be easy to use, reduce the losses
and prevent the chaos which occurs in buses.
There’s also an implementation of the detection algorithm which controls the entry and
exit of passengers. There are 2 tags installed in the bus – one at the front and another at
the rear. The RFID reader present at the bus stop reads the tag installed at the rear of
the bus and this used to log the arrival and departure times of the bus at the bus stop
which helps the transport corporation to monitor the punctuality of the operations. The
fare from the user’s credit would be withdrawn in accordance with the distance travelled.

6. Literature Survey ( RFID Technology-based Museum Ticketing and Visitor

Management Systems )

Since the visit of museum are free, in order to avoid overcrowding led to the decline in
environmental quality and services, the limitation of visitors per day is being used in
most developed free museum, and take "free entrance but with the tickets" approach
Based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, ticketing and visitor
management system of the museum comes into being. The system monitors the visitor
behaviour as well as how many visitor has visited to the museum and keeping the record
of visitor. The implementation starts from installing the RFID reader on gate and that
gate will be used as the entry as well as exit point, the RFID tag will be provided by
management to every visitor.