Bosaing, Christian A.

LESSON 1:

1) Jessica is an expert coin appraiser who collects old coins and currencies of
the Philippines. She attended an exhibit where she saw that Louie Jay had a
complete vintage coin collection. Jessica, however, noticed that the coins are
counterfeit. She caused the filing of a case against Louie but the latter said he
cannot be held liable for counterfeiting of coins under article 163 of the RPC
because he counterfeited old coins of the Philippines. Will the case prosper?

The case that Jessica filed against Louie will prosper because he
counterfeited old coins of the Philippines. In addition, according to the
elements of making and importing and uttering false coins under Article 163, it
is stated that coins is counterfeit if it is forged, or if it not an article of the
government as legal tender, regardless if it is of no value. This means that
either it is old or new if you counterfeited coins that have no authorization of
the government you are still liable of the crime of counterfeit.

2) An old man, in his desire to earn something, scraped a digit in a losing

sweepstakes ticket, cut out a digit from another ticket and pated it there to
match the series of digits corresponding to the winning sweepstakes ticket. He
presented this ticket to the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office. But the
alteration is so crude that even a child can notice that the supposed digit is
merely superimposed on the digit that was scraped. Was the old man guilty of
forgery?

No, the old man was guilty of “estafa” through forgery or falsification of
document in which he attempted to substitute or alter digits from another
ticket to match the digit contained therein.

3) Rhodabel, a physician at BGH, is the best friend of Loreta. She is tasked to

sign the medical certificates of locally stranded individuals, certifying that they
had undergone the needed tests for COVID-19. Loreta asked a favour from
Rhodabel to issue a medical certificate so that she can come home to Bontoc
because her mother is seriously ill. Rhodabel then issued the said certificate
despite the fact that Loreta did not subject herself to the said tests. Upon
arrival at Bontoc, however, the MHO subjected Loreta to a mandatory test and
three days after, her results showed that she was positive for COVID-19.

a. What crime/s did Rhodabel liable for?

Yes, Rhodabel is liable for the crime under Article 174, which is false
medical certificate, false certificates of merits and services. That which the
certificate issued to Loreta is not true which only appeared that Loreta have
participated in any act when in fact that she did not.

b. Did Loreta commit any crime?

Yes, Loreta commit a crime under Article 175 that Loreta herself knew
that the certificate is false or not legible.
Bosaing, Christian A.

LESSON 2:

1. Councilor Valentin refused to vacate the office of the mayor despite an

official opinion that it is the vice mayor who should discharge the duties of the
mayor during the latter’s temporary absence. He was charged with usurpation
of authority and official functions but contending that such crime may only be
committed by private individuals. Is he correct?

No, Counsilor Valentine is not correct because he is a public officer that

is stated that the offender should have performed an act pertaining to a person
in authority or public officer under article 177. In which he acted pertaining as
an officer in authority without being lawfully entitled to do so.

2. Jedidiah was driving along halsema when the car in front of her overheated
and had to stop at the middle of the road. Wanting to help, Jedidiah got out of
her vehicle and started to direct traffic so that other cars can still pass through
with ease. The act of Jedidiah was videoed and was posted on FB. Leslie, her
lifelong enemy saw the video and commented that Jedidiah was usurping the
functions of the police and traffic enforcers. Is Leslie correct?

Leslie is not correct, Jedidiah did not pertained or represent himself as a

police officer but he represented himself to help in directing the traffic but by
mere action of helping others.

3. Leonel is a sacristan. One day, he was playing dress-up and put on the robe
of the parish priest. While acting as a priest, a family arrived at the parish for
baptismal rights. Leonel, who was very much in character, acted as the
presiding priest and baptized the child. He then signed that baptismal
certificate. What crime did Leonel commit? Explain your answer using the
elements of the crime?

Leonel committed the crime of illegal use of uniform or insignia that

states that the insignia, uniform or dress pertains to an office not held by the
offender or to a class of persons of which he is not a member. Thus, Leonel
committed a crime under Art. 179 because of wearing the dress of the Parish
Priest and then used it publicly and improperly.

LESSON 3:

1. Crite was called as a witness for a rape case against A. In Crite’s statement,
he caught A in the act of raping a minor in their boarding house at Samoki.
Crite was the only eyewitness and so A was found guilty of rape. After two
months, however, the family of A and his lawyer were able to obtain a CCTV
footage that on the night of alleged rape, A was at cable café and he was sleep
there due to his drunkenness. What crime if any did Crite liable for?

Crite is liable for the crime of giving false testimony against a defendant
under ART. 180, in which Crite falsely gave a testimony against the offender.

2. Raffy was on a witness stand in a case for robbery against Agi Mayo. He was
asked by the defense lawyer to state what he saw at the night of the robbery
and he said that he saw Louie instead of Agi Mayo lurking at the store with a
Bosaing, Christian A.

knife in his hand. Several eye-witnesses, however, were certain and sure that it
was Agi Mayo who was outside of the store with the knife in his hand and the
one who robbed the same.

a) What crime did Raffy commit?

False testimony favourable to the defendant under ART. 181 was

committed by Raffy. Moreover, the mere action of Raffy testifying falsely in
favour of the defendant has his intention to be favouring with the defendant
even though that several eyewitnesses saw the robbery.

b) In case the lawyer of Agi Mayo knew that Raffy’s testimony was false, what
crime did the lawyer commit?

In case, that the lawyer of Agi Mayo knew that Raffy’s testimony was
false, the crime that the lawyer commit is offering false testimony in evidence
under ART. 184. Stated on the elements of the article, it is clearly that the
lawyer committed such crime because he knew that the witness or testimony
was false.

LESSON 4:

1. In order to have additional revenues, BOC opted to sell the luxury cars
which were illegally imported in the Philippines. Loreta, a car enthusiast,
wanted to have the cars for her collections. Loreta knew that there are only 5 of
them in the Philippines who can afford to buy the said cars. Loreta then sent
letters to her 4 competitors promising that she will sell any car that they want
provided that they will not join the auction. What crime/s is Loreta liable for?
Answer the question by discussing one by one the elements of the crime/s.

Loreta is liable for the crime of machinations in public auctions under

ART. 185. It states that on the second paragraph of the elements of the said
article that first there is a public auction which in case it is the auction for the
cars. Second is the offender attempts to cause the bidders to stay away from
the public auction relatively to the third element which is done by threats,
gifts, promises or any other artifices that which he sent letters to his
competitors and promised them that she will sell any car to them just for them
not to join the auction.

LESSON 5:

1. Biboy is an activist who hates the fact that tuition fees spiked up because of
the modules that needs to be printed and paid for by the students. As a form of
protest, he got naked and ran through the streets of Bontoc while shouting
“ haan tayon nga agskwila. Pare-parehas tayo’n to metlang nga matay!”. As we
all know, Bontoc is a conservative town so a group of Titas of Bontoc filed a
case for grave scandal against Biboy. If you were the police, what would be
included in your report in order for the case against Biboy to prosper?

If I were the police, in order for the case against Biboy to prosper is the
element of grave scandal under ART. 200 which is stated that such act or acts
be highly scandalous as offending against decency or good customs. In which
Bosaing, Christian A.

Biboy ran through the streets of Bontoc naked which give rise to public
scandal to persons who witnessed it.

2. Alex, a TV reporter was streaming Live from his house. While on-air, Alex
accidentally played a pornographic video that he was watching prior to the
show. About 10 seconds of the pornographic clip was made public and Alex
trended on twitter. A group of conservatives filed a case against Alex for
violation of Article 201 as amended by PD 969. Will the case prosper?

The case of Alex will not prosper because under the Article 201 which
states that mere possession of obscene materials, without intention to sell,
exhibit, or give them away, is not punishable under the said article,
considering the purpose of the law is to prohibit the dissemination of obscene
material to the public.