PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

QUARTER 2- WEEK 3

Name: _____________________________ Level: __________________

Section: _____________________________ Date: __________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

POLITICAL PARTIES
Learning Competencies
Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines
Learning Objectives
In this lesson, you will:
• Describe the nature of political parties in the Philippines;
• Discuss the implications of the existing political party system in the Philippines
on the governance of the country; and
• Propose different advocacies and how to address them through the methods
utilized by political parties.

Schedule Activities Reference/

Resource
Day 1 Activity 1 Enclosure 1
Give the meaning of each party as stated in Republic Act 7941 or
the party-list system act.
• Polticalparty ;_____________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
__________________________
• NationalParty:_____________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
__________________
• SectoralParty :____________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
___________________________
• Sectoral Organization:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______________
• Coalition:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______________

Day 2 Activity 2 Attached

Analysis guide Enclosure 1
• Is it possible for the government to regulate the number of
political parties participating in the elections? how?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________
• What do you think must be the focal function of the political
parties in the Philippines? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_________________________________________
• Do the people you know understand what political party is?
Why or why not ?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_________________________________________

Day 3 Activity 3. Enclosure 1

Identify the political party term under RA 7941 that is being

described by each item. Write your answer in the space provided
after each sentence.
 • It is the aggrupation of duly registered national, regional,
sectoral parties for political and/or election purposes.
_______________
• A party -list representative must be a natural -born
Filipino._______________
• All parties that will join the election must be registered to the
______________.
• _____________Organizations ,Sect, or denominations are
disqualified to be a party-list.
• _____________party. It is an organized group of citizen
advocating a certain ideology or platform for the general
conduct of the government.

Day 4 Self-check of all activities (guided by parents or learning

facilitators)
Day 5 Performance Task

Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in three to Short bond
five sentences .provide additional five sentences for your paper
reflection or opinion on political parties in the Philippines

Enclosure 1: Information Sheet

A political party is a group of people organized to participate in elections and hold power in
government, and its members advocate a specific set of policies ,programs and ideologies.
Political parties are oriented toward upholding the general welfare, as well as the interest of their
supporters.in the Philippines, political parties are not strictly defined by ideological distinctions. Political
parties are mainly mechanism to help candidates win in the elections. They facilitate the campaign of the
candidates affiliated with them by organizing events and creating ,distributing campaign materials. They
also guarantee a stable financial source for the candidate for the whole campaign period.

another way through which the people can participate in the government is through political parties.
each political party represents a certain group of people in society ,ensuring that the rights and
advocacies are voiced out directly to the government .this representation is usually done through
legislative bills and resolutions;hence,a lot of political parties try to secure a place in the legislative branch
to have their own voice in the government.
Defensor-Santiago (2002) defined a political party as a group of people that is organized for the
purpose of winning government power.’ Other definitions of a political party have the similar idea and a
common emphasis on the participation of these groups in elections and the interest to gain public offices
and mandates (Grabow and Hofmeister 2011)
Once characteristic of a political party that distinguishes it from other organizations and interest
groups is that, while most interest groups focus on single issues’: “a political party is expected to express
itself in all issues relevant for government “ (Grabow and Hofmeister 2011).
A political party’s participation in the elections and the government serves several functions such as:
• Expressing and aggregating social interest, thus ‘persuading voter to support various issues and
lending coherence to voter choices(UNDP,n.d.,p.9: Grabow and Hofmeister 2011,p.16);
• Recruiting and training future politicians ’ Defensor-Santiago (2002),p.228;Grabow and
Hofmeister 2011; UNDP,n.d);
• Formulating policies and programs for the government as commonly seen in their platforms
Defensor-Santiago (2002); Grabow and Hofmeister 2011; UNDP,n.d.);
• Providing a medium for ‘political socialization and participation of the citizens ‘Defensor-Santiago
(2002); Grabow and Hofmeister 2011;
• Organizing the government by providing a degree of stability and coherence, that is ,when they fill
up vacant positions in the government
Defensor-Santiago (2002); Grabow and Hofmeister 2011;
• Legitimizing the political system by embedding the processes and system into the consciousness
of the participants (Grabow and Hofmeister 2011).
There are different types of party system around the world depending on the method used in classifying
them. The popular method is based on the number of parties existing in a country.
• One -Party System- there is a monopoly of power; as the name suggest ,there is just one
existing party (Defensor-Santiago) 2002: Grabow and Hofmeister 2011).
• Two-party system-there are two parties going against each other for domination in the
government. In some cases, such as in the united states, there are only two parties. In other
countries ,there is the two plus one or more party system where there are two major parties and
several minor ones. Defensor-Santiago) 2002: Grabow and Hofmeister 2011).
• Multiparty system-as the name implies ,more than two parties compete with almost equal
capabilities in affecting and winning in the political competition,( Defensor-Santiago) 2002:
Grabow and Hofmeister 2011).
The party list system aims to provide a balanced representation in the congress. party-list
representatives comprise 20 % of the total number of representatives in the house of representatives.
Only those party-list who are registered with COMELEC can participate in the party-list elections and a
person can only be nominated in one party as its representative .this representative must be a Filipino
citizen as well as a registered voter.
Republic Act 7941: Party-List System Act
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELECTION OF PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVES
THROUGH THE PARTY-LIST SYSTEM, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR.

Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Party-List System Act”.

Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State shall promote proportional representation in the election of
representatives to the House of Representatives through a party-list system of registered national,
regional and sectoral parties or organizations or coalitions thereof, which will enable Filipino citizens
belonging to the marginalized and underrepresented sectors, organizations and parties, and who lack
well-defined political constituencies but who could contribute to the formulation and enactment of
appropriate legislation that will benefit the nation as a whole, to become members of the House of
Representatives. Towards this end, the State shall develop and guarantee a full, free and open party
system in order to attain the broadest possible representation of party, sectoral or group interests in the
House of Representatives by enhancing their chances to compete for and win seats in the legislature, and
shall provide the simplest scheme possible.

Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. – (a) The party-list system is a mechanism of proportional representation in
the election of representatives to the House of Representatives from national, regional and sectoral
parties or organizations or coalitions thereof registered with the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 
Component parties or organizations of a coalition may participate independently provided the coalition of
which they form part does not participate in the party-list system.
• A party means either a political party or a sectoral party or a coalition of parties.
• A political party refers to an organized group of citizens advocating an ideology or platform,
principles and policies for the general conduct of government and which, as the most immediate
means of securing their adoption, regularly nominates and supports certain of its leaders and
members as candidates for public office.
• It is a national party when its constituency is spread over the geographical territory of at least a
majority of the regions. It is a regional party when its constituency is spread over the geographical
territory of at least a majority of the cities and provinces comprising the region.
• A sectoral party refers to an organized group of citizens belonging to any of the sectors
enumerated in Section 5 hereof whose principal advocacy pertains to the special interests and
concerns of their sector.
•  A sectoral organization refers to a group of citizens or a coalition of groups of citizens who share
similar physical attributes or characteristics, employment, interest or concerns.
• A coalition refers to an aggrupation of duly registered national, regional, sectoral parties or
organizations for political and/or election purposes.
Sec. 4. Manifestation to Participate in the Party-List System. – Any party, organization, or coalition
already registered with the Commission need not register anew. However, such party, organization or
coalition shall file with the Commission, not later than ninety (90) days before the election, a manifestation
of its desire to participate in the party-list system.
Sec. 5. Registration. – Any organized group of persons may register as a party, organization or coalition
for purposes of the party-list system by filing with the COMELEC not later than ninety (90) days before the
election a petition verified by its president or secretary stating its desire to participate in the party-list
system as a national, regional or sectoral party or organization or a coalition of such parties or
organizations, attaching thereto its constitution, by-laws, platform or program of government, list of
officers, coalition agreement and other relevant information as the COMELEC may require: provided, that
the sectors shall include labor, peasant, fisherfolk, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, elderly,
handicapped, women, youth, veterans, overseas workers, and professionals.
    The COMELEC shall publish the petition in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.

    The COMELEC shall, after due notice and hearing, resolve the petition within fifteen (15) days from the
date it was submitted for decision but in no case not later than sixty (60) days before election.
Sec. 6. Removal and/or Cancellation of Registration. – The COMELEC may motu proprio or upon
verified complaint of any interested party, remove or cancel, after due notice and hearing, the registration
of any national, regional or sectoral party, organization or coalition on any of the following grounds:
• It is a religious sect or denomination, organization or association organized for religious purposes;
• It advocates violence or unlawful means to seek its goal;
• It is a foreign party or organization;
• It is receiving support from any foreign government, foreign political party, foundation,
organization, whether directly or through any of its officers or members or indirectly through third
parties for partisan election purposes;
• It violates or fails to comply with laws, rules or regulations relating to elections;
• It declares untruthful statements in its petition;
• It has ceased to exist for at least one (1) year; or
• It fails to participate in the last two (2) preceding elections or fails to obtain at least two per
centum (2%) of the votes cast under the party-list system in the two (2) preceding elections for
 the constituency in which it has registered.

Sec. 7. Certified List of Registered Parties. – The COMELEC shall, not later than sixty (60) days before
election, prepare a certified list of national, regional, or sectoral parties, organizations or coalitions which
have applied or who have manifested their desire to participate under the party-list system and distribute
copies thereof to all precincts for posting in the polling places on election day. The names of the party-list
nominees shall not be shown on the certified list.

Sec. 8. Nominations of Party-List Representatives. – Each registered party, organization or coalition

shall submit to the COMELEC not later than forty-four (45) [sic] days before the election a list of names,
not less than five (5) from which party-list representatives shall be chosen in case it obtains the required
number of votes.
    A person may be nominated in one (1) list only. Only persons who have given their consent in writing
may be named in the list. The list shall not include any candidate for any elective office or person who has
lost his bid for an elective office in the immediately preceding election. No change of names or alteration
of the order of nominees shall be allowed after the same shall have been submitted to the COMELEC
except in cases where the nominee dies, or withdraws in writing, his nomination, becomes incapacitated
in which case the name of the substitutes nominee shall be placed last in the list. Incumbent sectoral
representatives in the House of Representatives who are nominated in the party-list system shall not be
considered resigned. Sec. 9. Qualification of Party-List Nominees. – No person shall be nominated as
party-list representative unless he is a natural born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, a resident
of the Philippines for a period of not less than one (1) year immediately preceding the day of the election,
able to read and write, bona fide member of the party or organization which he seeks to represent for at
least ninety (90) days preceding the day of the election, and is at least twenty-five (25) years of age on
the day of the election.

   In case of a nominee of the youth sector, he must at least be twenty-five (25) but not more than thirty
(30) years of age on the day of the election. Any youth sectoral representative who attains the age of
thirty during his term shall be allowed to continue until the expiration of his term .Sec. 10. Manner of
Voting. – Every voter shall be entitled to two (2) votes.  The first is a vote for candidate for member of the
House of Representatives in his legislative district, and the second, a vote for the party, organization, or
coalition he wants represented in the House of Representatives: provided, that a vote cast for a party,
sectoral organization, or coalition not entitled to be voted for shall not be counted: provided, finally that the
first election under the party-list system shall be held in May 1998. The COMELEC shall undertake the
necessary information campaign for purposes of educating the electorate on the matter of the party-list
system .Sec. 11. Number of Party-List Representatives. – The party-list representatives shall constitute
twenty per centum (20%) of the total number of the members of the House of Representatives including
those under the party-list.   For purposes of the May 1998 elections, the first five (5) major political parties
on the basis of party representation in the House of Representatives at the start of the Tenth Congress of
the Philippines shall not be entitled to participate in the party-list system. In determining the allocation of
seats for the second vote, the following procedure shall be observed:

    The parties, organizations, and coalitions shall be ranked from the highest to the lowest based on the
number of votes garnered during the elections.

    The parties, organizations, and coalitions receiving at least two percent (2%) of the total votes cast for
the party-list system shall be entitled to one seat each:  provided, that those garnering more than two
percent (2%) of the votes shall be entitled to additional seats in proportion to their total number of votes:
provided, finally, that each party, organization, or coalition shall be entitled to not more than three (3)
seats.
Sec. 12. Procedure in Allocating Seats for Party-List Representatives. – The COMELEC shall tally all
the votes for the parties, organizations, or coalitions on a nationwide basis, rank them according to the
number of votes received and allocate party-list representatives proportionately according to the
percentage of votes obtained by each party, organization, or coalition as against the total nationwide
votes cast for the party-list system.
Sec. 13. How Party-List Representatives are Chosen. – Party-list representatives shall be proclaimed
by the COMELEC based on the list of names submitted by the respective parties, organizations, or
coalitions to the COMELEC according to their ranking in the said list.
Sec. 14. Term of Office. – Party-list representatives shall be elected for a term of three (3) years which
shall begin, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their
election. No party-list representatives shall serve for more than three (3) consecutive terms. Voluntary
renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity
of his service for the full term for which he was elected.
Sec. 15. Change of Affiliation Effect. – Any elected party-list representative who changes his political
party or sectoral affiliation during his term of office shall forfeit his seat: provided, that if he changes his
political party or sectoral affiliation within six (6) months before an election, he shall not be eligible for
nomination as party-list representative under his new party or organization.
Sec. 16. Vacancy. – In case of vacancy in seats reserved for party-list representatives, the vacancy shall
be automatically filled by the next representative from the list of nominees in the order submitted to the
COMELEC by the same party, organization, or coalition, who shall serve for the unexpired term. If the list
is exhausted, the party, organization, or coalition concerned shall submit additional nominees.
Sec. 17. Rights of Party-List Representatives. – Party-list representatives shall be entitled to the same
salaries and emoluments as regular members of the House of Representatives.
Sec. 18. Rules and Regulations. – The COMELEC shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations
as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this Act.
Sec. 19. Appropriations. – The amount necessary for the implementation of this Act shall be provided in
the regular appropriations for the Commission on Elections starting fiscal year 1996 under the General
Appropriations Act.
    Starting 1995, the COMELEC is hereby authorized to utilize savings and other available funds for
purposes of its information campaign on the party-list system. Sec. 20. Separability Clause. – If any part
of this Act is held invalid or unconstitutional, the other parts or provisions thereof shall remain valid and
effective. Sec. 21. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations, or
parts thereof, inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.
Sec. 22. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in a newspaper of
general circulation.

San Miguel 1District

Learning Activity Sheets

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

QUARTER 2- WEEK 1
Name: _____________________ Grade & Section: ___________ Date: _________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

FUNCTIONS OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
Learning Competencies

Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary HUMSS_PG12- IIa-b-2
Learning Objectives
In this lesson, you will:

• Identify the functions of the Philippine Judiciary;

• Discuss how the Judiciary exercises political neutrality and fairness; and
• Discuss the performance of the Philippine Judiciary as a dispenser of Justice and a protector of
constitutional rights and freedom.
Schedule Activities Reference/
Resource
Day 1
Activity 1: Attached
Identify the following items .rearrange the jumbled letters to come up with the information
correct answer .write your answer on the blank before each number. sheet

_____1. the court that handles graft and corruption cases of government
employees.(NASANYDIABNGA)
_____2. this person appoints the chief justice of the supreme court.
(TEENSIRPD)
_____3. this court handles the appointment of judges to various lower courts.
(PERMESU TURCO)
_____4. this court reviews decisions and orders of the regional trial courts.
( TURCO FO PAEPALS)
_____5. the establishment or determination of rights according to the rules of
law,which the judicial branch tries to provide the people,(SICEUJT)

Day 2 Attached
Activity 2: ANALYSIS GUIDE-write your answer on the space provided below. information
• What are the powers and responsibilities of the supreme court as the sheet
judicial branch of the government?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
• What are the qualifications to become a member of the supreme court ?
in your own opinion ,what other traits or characteristics are important in
becoming a supreme court justice?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
• what are the means by which judiciary ensures due process in criminal
procedures and in judicial process?
 ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________
• what are specialized courts? Identify one and discuss its function.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
• why should the rights of the accused be upheld by the court?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Day 3 Activity 3. Attached

information
Write T if the statement is True, write F if the statement is False sheet
_____1. The supreme court determines the qualifications to become a judge of a lower
court.
_____2.Non-lawyers may become part of the judiciary
_____3. The judicial bar council provides the set of nominees for appointment in the
supreme court.
_____4.The house of representatives conducts the impeachment trial against supreme
court justices
_____5.Regional trial courts (RTCs) are categorized into thirteen judicial region from
Luzon to Mindanao.
_____6.Some of the cases heard by the Sandiganbayan involve crimes such as
graft,corruption,bribery and plunder.
_____7.The Sharia’s courts only have jurisdiction over the ARMM
_____8.The preliminary investigation stage requires only a review of the evidence
regarding the complaint.
_____9.The decisions of the supreme court on cases submitted on appeal may still be
subject to reconsideration.
_____10.The accused may be called by the court to testify against himself or herself.

Day 4 Self-check of all activities (guided by parents or learning facilitators)

Day 5

Performance Task
Activity 5: Short bond

In a short bond paper ,Draw a judiciary structure of different courts from

highest to lowest and give a brief description of their functions.
Answer key
Activity 1
1.sandiganbayan 4. Court of appeal
2.president 5. justice
3.Supreme court)
Activity 2
Answer may vary
Activity 3
1.

References
SHS Philippine Politics and Governance,Book
Author:Reiden M. Pawilen

Enclosure 1: Information Sheet

Read and Understand

The legislature makes a law, while the executive branch enforce it on the other hand, the judiciary
or the judicial branch of the government gives the official and legal interpretation of the law.

The judicial branch of the government is the primary agency that handles matters concerning the
settlement of issues regarding the rights and interpretation of the law. the power of the judiciary rest on
the supreme court and the lower court ,which include the court of appeals,]Sandiganbayan, down to the
regional trial court, the metropolitan trial court and municipal trial court.
The 1987 constitutions defines judicial power as follows;
Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving
rights which are legally demandable and enforceable and to determine whether or not there has been a
grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or
instrumentality of the government.
This means that the judicial branch of the government not only rules on legal issues but also on
the other two branches ‘whenever the court finds that the other department has committed grave abuse
discretion”(Defensor -Santiago 2002).
Some of the functions of the supreme court under the 1987 constitution are as follows:
• The supreme court primarily handles the cases of ambassadors other public ministers and
consuls.
• Review ,affirm ,reverse, or amend the decision of lower courts on certain cases that may
concern the constitutionality or validity of international agreement and presidential decrees,
questionable decisions or processes of the lower courts, cases which are punishable by
lifetime imprisonment, error or question of law among others
• Appointments of judges ,officials, and employees of the judiciary.
• Create and disseminate rules and procedures concerning the processes in legal courts as
well as the membership to the bar.
The supreme court is composed of a chief justice and fourteen associate justices appointed by the
president from the list of qualifiers from the screening process done by the judicial bar council .
The court of appeals ,the second highest tribunal or legal court in the country, court of appeal composed
of a presiding justice and sixty-nine associate justices who are appointed by the President. Aside from
having power on the issuance of certain legal documents and orders, the court of appeals mainly
receives,reviews,and resolves appeals on decisions of regional trial courts, as well as that of the office of
the ombudsman in cases wherein one of the parties is not satisfied with the decision.
Court of tax appeals, on the other hand focuses on reviewing and resolving appeals of decisions from the
commissioner of internal revenue, commissioner f customs ,department of finance ,department of industry
,and other legal courts concerning cases related to tax, tariffs, and other monetary obligations to the
government. The court of tax appeals is composed of one presiding justice and five associate justices.

Specialized courts and quasi-judicial bodies in the Philippines

There are also courts in the Philippines which have jurisdiction over cases of a special nature. The
Sandiganbayan is one specialized court that hears cases involving violations committed by public
officials, excluding president ,vice president ,supreme court,justices,and the ombudsman. The cases
relate to crimes such as graft, corruption, bribery, and plunder among others. The sandigan bayan is
composed of one presiding justice and fourteen(14) associate justices.
The sandigan bayan has the following mandate:
SEC.5. the Batasang Pambansa shall create a special court , to be known as Sandiganbayan, which shall
have jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and such other
offences committed by public officers and employees, including those in government-owned or controlled
corporations, in relation to their office as may be determined by law.(Art.XIII,1973 constitution

SEC.4.the present anti-graft court known as the Sandiganbayan shall continue to function and exercise its
jurisdiction as now or hereafter may be provided by law.(Art.XI,1987 Constitution)

Lower courts such as city and municipal trial courts have original jurisdiction over cases such as, but not
limited to, violations of municipal ordinances,gambling,assault,estafa to a certain amount, malicious
mischief,trespassing,and illegal possession of firearms(Ramirez 1969).
There are also courts which hear cases on violations of Islamic law (sharia) these courts are the sharia
district courts (SDCs) and shari’a circuit courts (SCCs) the jurisdiction of these courts encompasses the
ARMM and selected provinces in Mindanao. The SDCs have judicial power equivalent to that of RTCs.on
the other hand the SCCs have judicial power equivalent to that of the MCTCs,possessing jurisdiction
over more than one municipality.
Aside from these specialized courts, the government also has quasi-judicial bodies or government
agencies and offices that do not belong to the judiciary but perform some of their functions, such as
arbitration and settling of disputes and the rendering of judgment on certain cases.

Writer : MARY GRACE M. DEGORIO

Position: SST II
School: San Miguel National High School
 PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
QUARTER 2- WEEK 2

Name: _____________________________ Level:

__________________
Section: _____________________________ Date:
__________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

DECENTRALIZATION AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Learning Competencies
Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit (LGU) Week 12
HUMSS_PG12- IIa-b-2
Learning Objectives
In this lesson, you will:
• Identify the different levels of the Local Government;
• Explain the functions of the Local Government units;
• Discuss how Decentralization affects governance; and
• Discuss the performance of the Local Government Unit.
Schedule Activities Reference/
Resource
Day 1 Activity 1 Enclosure 1
Arrange the political positions in column A1 from the highest to the
lowest rank. Write your answer in column A2.for Column B2,write
the local government unit across each position in Column
A2.Choose from Column B1.
Column A1 column B1
Barangay chairman City/municipality
Vice mayor Province
Vice governor Barangay
Sanguniang bayan member Region

Column A2 Column B2
Day 2 Activity 2 Enclosure 1
Analysis guide
1.what are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a
decentralized Government?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________
2.What is the difference between our current decentralized local
government set-up and a federal type of government?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_________________________________________
3.does decentralization achieve more positive or more negative
effects ?Discuss your answer
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_________________________________________

Day 3 Activity 3. Multiple choice Enclosure 1

Read the statement carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer.

____1. It is known as the largest unit in the political structure of the

Philippines.
a. Barangay c. Municipality
b. City d. Province
____2. The transfer of some public functions and responsibilities,
which government may perform, to private entities or NGOs is
called ________.
• Debureaucratization c. deconcentration
• Decentralization d. devolution
____3.The Philippines, although a unitary state, widened the roles
and functions of local governments and vested them with significant
 powers and resources. What law made this possible?
• The 1935 Philippine Constitution
• Republic Act No. 7160, or Local Government Code of 1991
• Republic Act No. 9163, or the National Government
Deregulation Code of 1991
• Republic Act No. 7160, or the Decentralization and
Devolution Code of 1991
___4. It refers to a Centralized government that supervises the
administration of the entire country.
• Local Government c. National government
• Provincial Government d. autonomous region
___5. These are the four main types of local government units,
Except.
• Barangay and Municipalities d. provinces
• Component and highly urbanized cities
• National Government
Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement
is false.

_____1.The Department of the Interior and Local

Government (DILG) is the executive department responsible for
promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety, and
strengthening the capability of local government units to effectively
deliver basic services to the citizenry.
____2..The local government code of 1991 enumerates the
different characteristics of each LGU and portrays the
power ,function and obligation vested in the local government unit
____3. The President of the Philippines is the the head of the state
while the vice -president is the head of the government
____4. The lupong tagapamayapa acts as the legislative body of
the barangay while the sanguniang barangay act as the arbitration
body of the barangay.
____5.local government units are created on the basis of
income,,population and land area.

Day 4 Self-check of all activities (guided by parents or learning facilitators)

Day 5 Performance Task
Draw a picture symbolizing the decentralization of the power and
functions of the government through the local government unit.
write a brief description about the symbols.

Short bond
paper
Right after your drawing with a brief description ,provide
additional two to three sentences for your reflection or
opinion on the decentralization of the power and functions of
the government and the performance of local government
units.
 Enclosure 1: Information Sheet

Read and Understand

Local government encompasses Provincies,Cities,municipalities and

barangays which are referred to as local government units (LGUs).the local
government is organized in accordance with the concept of decentralization, where
local sectors of government are given powers and adequate support by the national
government in managing their local affairs. The LGUs are given a portion of the
national budget but are also authorized to identify sources of revenue through local
taxes and other sources of income. The local government units also have local
councils which serves as the legislatives body of their respective units. All laws
created by these local councils, however should comply with national laws.

Article X of the 1987 constitution and the local government code of 1991 are the
primary bases for the organization and administration of local government units in
the country in particular, the local government code of 1991 outlines the means by
which a local government unit is identified and organized, as well as provisions for
law enforcement, local taxation, fiscal management, and coordination with the
national government. The LGUs are subject to supervision by the president, through
the Department of Interior and Local Government(DILG).the DILG also assist LGUs
in terms of law enforcement, legislation and recovery from calamities.

Barangay Government
The barangay is the basic unit of local government in the Philippines. This is where
governance directly relates to the concerns of citizens and communities and where the
government programs and policies are applied and directly impact .these are seen in
various activities such as implementation of dispute settlement, policies and peace and
order.
The barangay government serves as the executive, legislative and arbitration body of
the barangay. Consisting of punong barangay, barangay secretary,treasurer,sanguniang
barangay ,lupong tagapamayapa ,and sanguniang kabataan.
Municipal Government
Also referred to as the bayan ,a municipality is defined as a collection of barangays
and is organized based on the following criteria;
• the constituent communities must earn an average annual income of 2,500,000
pesos for at least two years;
• it must have a population of at least 25,000;and
• it must have a territory with adjacent lands of at least 50 square kilometers.
The chief executive of the municipal government is the municipal mayor. The municipal
mayor is primarily in charge of the implementation of government policies and
programs within his/her jurisdiction. Second highest officials are the vice mayor
following the saguniang bayan member and other officials within the municipality.
City Government
A City is similar to a municipality as it is also made up of a group of barangays, however
a city is distinguished by the higher rate of economic growth and a larger population and
territory.
The head of the city government is the city mayor who performs the same functions,
however the city mayor does not prepare the budget for projects of the city government,
instead the head of its different departments individually provide their proposed
budgets. The vice mayor serves as the second highest officials in the city government
and also preside over the legislative body of the city following the sanguniang
panglunsod and other officials within the cities
Provincial Government
A province is a local government unit that is comprise of municipalities and cities, the
chief executive of the province is the governor, and assisted by the vice governor, the
governor monitors the administration of component cities and municipalities in the
province in coordination with local government officials, ensures the implementations of
laws and ordinances. The vice governor is the presiding officials in the provincial
legislative body or the sanguniang panlalawigan.
Regionalization
The country is divided into administrative units called Regions, which are compose of
provinces that share common territory and whose people have common cultural and
historicalities. Regionalization is intended to promote greater growth and development
throughout the country by identifying significant concerns and problems within each
region and formulating development plans that address them
Regional Autonomy
Certain regions are granted autonomy by the national government and are given
authority to wield greater and wider powers. The autonomous regions are entitled to a
certain degree of political integrity, and develop policies and projects which address
their distinct needs and conform to the particular character or culture of the region
Cordillera Administrative region (CAR)- constitute an administrative region
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)—converted into autonomous region
Meanwhile, certain groups in the ARMM have advocated for the approval of the
Bangsamoro basic law which is expected to significantly change the form and powers of
the government in the region.