IE he Engineering society SURFACE REAF. SA emmy VEHICLE “ FeB2002 INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION ‘eoued yD) {60 Connanweain Ove, Wavandai FATSIEESSO! EE BOY T Realfirmed 2002-02 ‘Superseding J413 FEB1995 Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated Wrought Steels Foreword—This Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Board Forrnat, 1. Scope—The figures in this GAE Information Report illustrate the principle that, regardless of composition, steels of the same cross-sectional hardness produced by tempering after through hardening will have approximately the same longitudinal! tensile strength at room temperature. Figure 1 shows the relation between hardness and longitudinal tensile strength of 0.30 to 0.50% carbon steels in the fully hardened and tempered, as rolled, normalized, and annealed conditions. Figure 2 showing the relation between longitudinal tensile strength and yield strength, and Figure 3 illustrating longitudinal tensile strength versus reduction of area, are typical of steels in the quenched and tempered condition. Figure 3 shows the direct relationship between ductility and hardness and illustrates the fact that the reduction of area decreaces as hardness increases, and that, for a given hardness, the reduction of area is generally higher for alloy steels than for plain carbon steets. It is evident from these curves that steels of the same cross-sectional hardness have about the same strength characteristics, so that any one of several different compositions would yield the same results. For some specific application then, the first thing to be determined Is what composition Is required to obtain proper hardening in the size section involved. This information is not contained in mechanical property charts, but can be determined trom published data or by means of a hardenability test. Methods of making this hardenability test and interpretation of the test results are provided in SAE J406b, Having selected a steel that will through harden in the size section under consideration, the engineer must decide from the service stresses imposed on the finished part what tensile properties are required in the par. These tensile properties may then be converted to hardness values from the figures given here; and from Figure 4 showing the effect of tempering temperature on hardness, the appropriate tempering temperature to obtain this hardness can be selected. In Figure 4 the curves are approximate values to be used ae a guido. Carbon steels and lean alloy steels, when fully hardened, will fal slightly below the curves and strongly alloyed steels will fall slightly above the curves. Figure 4 showing the effect of tempering temperature on hardness is a summary of information contained in a large number of mechanical property charts published by steel companies, alloy suppliers, and usors. These charts represent, as do the charts on tensile, yield strengths, and reduction of area, data on all SAE alloy and carbon steels with carbon contents of 0.30 to 0.50%. 1. Longiueinal means parallel 1 rong crection. ‘SAE Tecnica! Standards Board Fes rove ha: "This report is published by SAE to advance he sat ol echnical and anginaarng soances, Te use fs eno ney SSSISS IEE Soptcabity sve autabany er any parcuar oe, nein any patent ningementasing tert sha sole reaper of the use {AE reviews sac tial opt at lanl every fe yaar this ina maybe tested, read cancion. SAE niles YOU wien comments and suggestions TOPLACEADOCUMENT ORDER: +1 (724)776-4970 FAX: +1 (724)776-0700 ‘SAE WEB ADDRESS hitp:swww sae.org ‘Cerin 2002 Socio ulomatve Engngo, ne. A ghis oserved. Pontos n USA.‘SAE J413 Reattirmed FEB2002 Mechanical property values obtained from these few summary figures will be as accurate as the information formerty available in a large number of charts, each representing an individual type of steel. For more exact information it would be necessary to make tests on samples from individual heats of steel. NOTE—Mechanical properties in this report are monotonic and do not reprasent cyclic test loading conditions. Cyclic ioading and cyctic material properties are described in SAE J1099. References Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified ‘herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1. SAE PusticaTions—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, ‘SAE J406—Methods of Determining Hardenability of St ‘SAE J1099—Technical Report on Fatigue Properties 2 220 3 co 0 z @ 120 0 g i 3 100 : z 2 § mo von E (20 wo 3 3 100 2 a - ° 100 200-300 “400 ‘500 BRINELL HARDNESS: FIGURE 1—RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HARDNESS AND LONGITUDINAL TENSILE STRENGTH OF 0.90 TO 0.50% CARBON STEELS ser te 2.‘SAE 413 Reaffirmed FEB2002 2 Z 1 Sota curve snows cocaTion ‘OF HOST POINTS AND SHOULD BE USED AS NORMAL SxPECTANCY ‘CURVE, SROKEN LINES DEFINE VARIATION OF REMAINING POINTS [— FROM S019 LINE. COW RATIO OF ‘HELD STRENGTA TO TENSILE STRENGTH, HEERESERTEO BY — LEFT SiOe GF ZONE, 15 INDICATION: SF INCOMALETE RESPONSE TO SARbENING. , | = 3 J ] + ‘TENSILE STRENGTH = Ma “APPROX GRINELL HARDNESS. 5 3 NSILE STRENGTH I000L8 PER SQN. “| / 50 60 70 20, 90 too YIELD STRENGTH —PER CENT OF TENSILE STRENGTH FIGURE 2—RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONGITUDINAL TENSILE STRENGTH AND YIELD STRENGTH FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEELS cS‘SAE J413 Reatfirmed FEB2002 z 3 220 | 440. g i § mnfoo | _« _| ar fog Sg : g z i | me 2 160 fs00 © 5 z 2 10S 4 t i 4 g 5 z 2 180 f 320: THE TWO LONG LINES WAT BE TAKEN AS NORMAL EXPECTANCY CURVES IN. ESTIMATING NORMAL REDUCTION OF -f. 900 AREA FROM TENSILE STRENGTH OR HARONESS. 120 fap. 20 50 “40 30 20 10 REOUCTION OF AREA PERCENT FIGURE 3—RELATIONSHIP OF LONGITUDINAL TENSILE STRENGTH TO REDUCTION OF AREA FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEELS. vazB 3 “APPROX BRINELL HARDNESS: ‘APPROX EQUIVALENT TENSILE STRENGTH — MPa z 3 § i a 7 5 Z g 3 g 3n9 400 $00 600 700 800 900 1000 TEMPERING TEMPERATURE —' (ONE HOUR AT TEMPERATURE) 00 1200 1900 FIGURE 4—EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON THE HARDNESS OF STEEL PREPARED BY THE SAE IRON AND STEEL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DIVISION 1—CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS engl aon * ~SAE J413 Reatfirmed FEB2002 Rationale—Not applicable. Relationship of SAE Standard to 1S Standard—Not applicable. Application—The figures in this SAE Information Report illustrate the principle that, regardless of ‘composition, steels of the same cross-sectional hardness produced by tempering after through hardening, will have approximately the same longitudinal! tensile strength at room temperature. Reference Section ‘SAE J406—Mathods of Determining Hardenabilty of Steels ‘SAE J1099—Technical Report on Fatigue Properties Developed by the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee Division 1—Carbon and Alloy Steels ‘Sponsored by the SAE Iron and Stee! Technical Committee 1. Longitudinal means parallel to roling drecton, Rela hg sama on saree"