Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 1 Temperature and Heat Transfer Exercise |5

5. (a) The table and chair have the same temperature

as the surrounding air because they are in
thermal equilibrium.
(b) None of them
(c) Peter has a higher temperature than the
surrounding air.
Human body is a heat source with a constant
Only the water near the heater is heated up and rises. The
temperature (about 37 ◦ C).
water at the same level but away from the heater probably moves
in to replace the hot water.
Exercise 1.3 (p. 40)
6. (a) Yes.
1. (a) T A substance containing a lot of free Air is a good insulator of heat. The air just
electrons is a good conductor of heat. above the freezers slows down the heat
transfer from the surroundings to the frozen
(b) F Air is a poor conductor of heat.
food.
(c) F Heat cannot be transferred by conduction
(b) Yes.
in a vacuum.
As cold air released by the freezers sinks, the
2. (a) Conduction, convection hot air above the opening cannot reach the
(b) Conduction, radiation frozen food by convection.

(c) Radiation (c) No.

(d) Convection
3. C Heat from the camp ire is irst transferred to the
left side of the brick wall by radiation, then to the
right side of the wall by conduction, and inally to
Peter by radiation.
In this case, heat transfer by convection is not the main
process between the objects, as all of them are at the same level.
4. B Heat from the lame is irst transferred to the
lower side of the copper sheet by convection of air
and radiation from the lame. Then, it is transferred
to the upper side of the sheet by conduction. Finally,
it is transferred to the thermometer by convection
of air and radiation from the upper side of the sheet.
5. (a) See the igure below.
The food is colder than the surrounding air.
There is no natural heat low from the food to
the surrounding air.
7. The aluminium layer in the pan transfers heat from
the lame to the whole pan surface more effectively.
So, the food to be cooked is heated faster and more
evenly.
8. The glowing air below the wire frame gives out
energy readily to the wire frame by conduction. So,
the air above the frame is not hot enough to glow.
9. (a) Graph (3) suits the black cube most.
(b) Graph (2) suits the polished cube most.
Both the black and polished cubes (at 125 ◦ C) will gradually
cool down. As black surfaces emit radiation better, the black cube
cools down faster.

10. During operation, the air heated up by the coil

is more likely to rise and leave the coil through
the side vents. The unheated air is likely to move
towards the coil through the bottom vents.

(b) See the igure below.

6| Chapter 1 Temperature and Heat Transfer Chapter Exercise
Therefore, the fan should create an outward air low
from the bottom vents.
To cool down the coil effectively, the fan should strengthen
the natural convection current around the coil.
11. (a) The air heated up by the bulb can leave the
light shade through the slots. It can prevent the
light bulb from overheating.
(b) Due to convection, the warm air inside the
igloo rises. So, the tunnel can prevent the
out low of heat by convection. At the same
time, the cool air in the tunnel cannot enter
the igloo due to convection.
12. (a) Plastic is a good insulator of heat. Heat is not
readily conducted from the hot metal plate to
the plastic handle.
(b) Air conducts heat poorly while metal conducts
heat well. At the same temperature, human
body does not absorb heat from the hot air as
effective as from the hot metal by conduction.
13. (a) The light-coloured surface reduces heat
loss from the hot balloon by radiation. This
helps maintain the temperature of the hot
air in the balloon and hence reduce the fuel
consumption.
(b) The shiny metal foil wrapped on the telescope
reduces the absorption or emission of heat by
radiation. This helps maintain the temperature
of the telescope within a suitable range.
14. (a) The procedures are sequenced as:
(1), (3), (4), (2)
Procedure (3) should be done before (4) to ensure
that all the rods are heated up together at the same
moment.
(b) The rods should have the same diame-
ter/dimensions/shape.
(c) The better the rod conducts heat, the faster
the energy from the hot water is conducted
along the rod, and the more wax is melted in 5
minutes.
Therefore, the copper rod melts the wax the
most while the wooden one melts the least.
In descending order of conductivity, the materials are
copper, aluminium, iron, lead and wood.
15. (a) The procedures are sequenced as:
(2), (4), (1), (3)
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises
(b) The plates should have the same thickness and
surface area.
(c) Dull black plate.
It is because the cork on the dull black tin plate
falls off faster, which means the dull plate heats
up faster and melts the wax faster.
16. (a) (i) Heat is transferred to the interior of the
chicken wing by conduction via the metal
fork.
Metal conducts heat better than flesh. If heat can
only be conducted from the exterior to the interior of
the chicken wing, the heating process will be much
slower.
(ii) Wood slows down the rate of heat
conduction. The user can hold the fork
without getting burnt.
(b) Heat is readily carried to the position over the
ire through convection.
(c) It reduces the heat absorbed by the sweet
potatoes by radiation. This prevents the food
from being charred.
17. (a) (1) BC represents the result of step 1.
(2) C D represents the result of step 2.
(3) DE represents the result of step 3.
(b) Yes.
If convection and ventilation is blocked,
heat released by the trapped air cannot be
transferred away. So the temperature in the
greenhouse increases gradually.
Chapter Exercise
Multiple-choice Questions (p. 45)
1. D By proportion, the temperature T of the water is
given by
T −0 100 − 0
=
5 − 2.5 15 − 2.5
T ≈ 20 ◦ C
2. C Option A is incorrect. Temperature is a measure
of degree of hotness of an object.
Option B is incorrect. Temperature is a measure of
the average molecular KE of the object.
Option C is correct. As the molecules move faster or
vibrate more vigorously, their average KE increases
and so is the temperature of the object.