Maths Suestion Banic Module 4 Wector Spaces) chy- Schwartz |. i Be _ = Thus en * (ov _u=(u,,u2,Usl) and v= (vi vel (orve (ww va))) a8 a tin toss in-R°,_ Couey Seals init tales —_ + lu-vi< Hull tvtl __— Proof ioe Luevlellull vil leosel aes cos 6 ». loos al < " = luv < lull tll L L_sa: \evihy Couchy=Schwatts ine quality forthe vectors u=(2/1 t_and v= (2, 0,1) => Tex aby that lu-vi< lull tll Mull: Jager = eo lvil= Patou =V5 Mull tll =e U5 =Va0 @Q! wwe 22 4+ yo 4 1) = 5 eluvl=5 == Now, 5 < S30 (Jan = 5-444 + «fom and @ lu-v\ < {lull [ull Here Cauchy = Schuwerts inequality rrified - | 9a. “fae weal values of ab and O, show that LamsO+ b in)? < os 4? eee warts ‘aap ‘ be saa = lacos6+ b nol = acs + bing —————- lull = Vote ———— = | ILvt| = Neste + sini = @ 784, couse Se uals leacnc® + _bsind < Sa% bite 2. acs + bsind = Sat bt » (acos0+ bsind)*< at Gt Lek v=FL- wo) be the set of all real valued functions defined on =05 0). k we define (i) feg if and only if £O)= gl) for all x Gi) (£4 g) Ca) = fod + glo (i) (ke) (x) = KEGO 7 — (a) Closure iT inci is als - natal valued function » Cr: TE bis any V2 ie | 3 eee [3 Fi: alin 2 2 Euclidean ji che = i i % q r hasis ahoe uy =(y tl) ur =(-1 1,0) -ugz (1,2, 1) i => Stead: We u= Ga \) Z ’ bs Sip: Vaz Ua Pro ups 2 = {was} , f Uw ] i Now, (unw)= -H1-0=0 and lvl? = tells f sabid= o(tt) = C11.) wee. . ZOY RQ iL, Skeo3! Vae Ua pro} U 2uy-(urv) vy, =u 2 V2 i (val? Uvall” 4 ‘ Now (ua-v)= 2412 4 (ug -va)= 14240 = | Wv,i? = 3 as before Wwoll* = Ie leo=2 seein 4 Wil) <1 Ci o) = : =U 1 =l,1,0 = atl basis for p? | Now, He norms of these vecors a lyl\ =Vuul ——l|ull = Jao= a. lvall= Freya y= [2 - iL f, N30 36 q V30 og | Hence , the orthonormal basis for R3 i L Ho walt | (). =v2_-(-j) 1 c iwi Wee ae =Vy -/4 Im ees}Ee Engineering Mathematics - Iv 6-46) en Electr, E&TC, .... etc.) ( ) Vector Space. Example 2 : Find an orthonormal basis for the subspaces of R? by applying Gram-Schmiat pocess where S = { (1, 2, 0), (0, 3, 1)}. (M.U. 2014, 15) Sol. Let Uy = (1, 2, 0) and up = (0, 3, 1). Step 1: vy = uy = (1, 2, 0) (ug, V4) V tie EL Ilva? Now, {u, vy) = (0, 3, 1) + (1, 2,0)=0+6+0=6 and lJ vy |? =1+44025 Step 2: V2 = Up — proj. Up = Up - 6 (6 3 = -= =(->, 2,1 V2 = (0, 3, 1) 5 (1,2, 0) 5's } Norms of these vectors are 36.94] ro [ie Ilys I= V5, Wvell= ore et t= fe = 5 Hence, the orthonormal basis are “4 (1 2 0) "Tan ye vs" - fF (-8,3.1)-(-2 EF a= = [8 5° 5" ) 70 J70' 70Example 5 : Let R® have the Euclidean inner product. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to transform the basis {u;, U2, U3} into orthonormal basis where u, = (1, 0, 0), uz = (3, 7, -2), ug = (0, 4, 1). (M.U. 2019) Sol. : Step 4: v, = u, = (1, 0, 0) Step 2: v> = Ua— proj up = (a, V4) + V2 = U2 — Proj U2 = U2 — . lIvall?ot oe ‘i (6-48) Vector Spaces Now, (Uz, 4) =3+0+0=3 and Ivy |? =14+0+0=1 Vp = (3,7, -2)-341, 0, 0)=(0, 7, -2) (U3, V4) _ Ua Va) Step 3: v3 = U3 — proj U3 = U3 — Vy- ree mil live? Now, (U3, ¥4)=O+0+0=0; — (Ug, V2)=0+ 28-2 = 26 || v; [I = 1 as before. |] vp [[2=0+49+4=53 26 -{o, 30, 105 15=(0,4,1)-0- 2.00, 7,2) =(0, 2, 30 105 Hence, v,=(1,0,0), v2 =(0,7,—2), v3 = 03 Bas B) fom orthogonal basis for R 3. Now, the norms of these vectors are Iill=v1+0+0=1; — |[vall|=v0+49+4 = /53 900 11025 15 IIv3 I] = Oe = i 53? (3 And hence, the hasta basis for R? is ae 7 2 a= a.0.0; a2 -(0 - }: Me 2 7 = =|0, 99° Tal ( 5S &):gala Check whether ie 5 | Je a b _ Let u=(1 ro and_ve{_1 = nfo} Ws Ts" +{1 De (uy) = NE) Ue ft\+ 6 : and v aye orthogonal wrt Euclidean inner pad ct. _ gis: Dekimine whether w= 2,-1.8), va=(4,19), vez GG -1.3) pana vector space io R- i ‘tet w=(w,,w2,Wa) bea vector in BE tek w= ky, +key + kay ~ (ow, = k(a,-1,3) + ko 419) + kals,-.3) wpe 2kt kko t9leg was -ky + ko ks Wa= 3b + Bet $163 Consider | 2 4 9 - 1 =| |= -G to 3.3 4 Set by, v2, V f can pan ave dui Space _in go.