Final Manuscript

APPROVAL SHEET
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the awareness, behavior and perception of medical technology
students in Centro Escolar University Makati. A great number of students from first year
to third year medical technology students are knowledgeable when it comes to essential
facts of CoVID-19. Factors like accessibility to transportation, internet and acquisition of
basic necessities also influences the behavior and perception of medical technology
students about the pandemic. The result of this study can be used as a guide for the
Department of Medical Technology which can be recommended for further studies for Centro
Escolar University.
Keywords: Awareness, Behavior, Perception, CoVID-19, Medical Technology
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
For the accomplishment of this study, we would like to take this
opportunity to express our gratitude to our Research Adviser Mrs.
Maria Carmen S. Dizon, and to our Research Coordinator, Ms. Marielle
Louise Santos, for their guidance, feedback and criticism that kept us
working to make this study.
Appreciation for Ms. Katrina D. Elizon, who gave us advice and
assistance in the preparation and generation of our data for its
analysis and interpretation that contributed essential information to
this study.
Sincerest gratitude is extended to our respondents, first year to third
year Medical Technology students from Centro Escolar University
Makati for the time they spend answering the survey questionnaire.
CJSN
WGL
CKMG
ELRM
PKSM
DMSO
JRAS
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DEDICATIONS
This research is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved and
supportive parents who have been our constant source of inspiration
and gave us strength to overcome all the challenges we faced and
continually to support us financially, emotionally and morally.
We also dedicate this research to our professors who have been
mentoring us all throughout. They have given us motivation,
discipline to finish the tasks and for not giving up to help us
throughout our success for this research. Without their moral
support this research would not have been made possible.
And lastly, this research is dedicated to Almighty God, for the
guidance, strength, power of mind, protection and skills.
CJSN
WGL
CKMG
ELRM
PKSM
DMSO
JRAS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables …………..………………………………………………….………..viii
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………..x
Chapter
1. The Problem and Its Setting …...……………………………………….1
Introduction …...…………………………………………………….1
Background of the Study …...…………………………………….2
Conceptual Framework …….………………………………………4
Statement of the Problem …….….………………………………..5
Significance of the Study …….………….………………………...5
Scope and Delimitations ………….…………………………..……6
Definition of Terms ..……………………………..………………... 7
2. Review of Related Literature and Studies ……………………………..9
Perceived Information of Students Regarding CoVID-19 …...9
iv
Chapter Page
Perception of Students regarding CoVID-19 …...….........…13
Effect of CoVID-19 towards the Behavior of Students .......20
3. Method and Procedures …...…………………………………………...30
Research Methodology ………..…..………..…………………….30
Research Procedures ...…………………………..………..........30
Setting of the Study ….......................................................32
Subjects/Respondents of the Study …...............................35
Sampling Techniques …....................................................34
Research Instrument ….....................................................37
Validation of Instrument …….………..………………………....48
Statistical Treatment of Data ……………...……..……….…....49
4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data ..……….…...51
Knowledge of Students Regarding Their Gathered
Information Regarding CoVID-19 and Its Infectious Agent
SARS-CoV-2 ……………………...………………….………………51
v
Chapter Page
The Factors Affecting The Behavior of Medical
Technology Students ………………………………….……..……54
Perception of Medical Technology Students Toward The
CoVID-19 Situation ……………………..…………………….…..69
5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations ……...............73
Summary of Findings …………..………………………………...73
Conclusions ………………………………………………………….74
Recommendations …….……………………………………………74
References ………………………………………………………………..76
Appendices ……………………………………………………………….83
A. Letter of Request ………………………………………………..84
B. Consent to Participate ………………………………………...85
C. Time Table ………………………………………………..……...90
D. Reliability Raw Data ……………………………………………92
E. Validation Sheet ………………………………………………...97
vi
F. Certificate of Validation ………………………………………..99
G. Certificate of Good Clinical Practice Training …………..101
Curriculum Vitae ……………………………………………………..108
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Computation of the sample per strata ………………………………….....36
2. The Range-Value and its Corresponding Agreement Level ……..........38
3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution based of the
Respondents in Terms of Awareness Towards CoVID-19 ……......51
4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Wearing a face mask
and Face shield” …...….......………………………………………......54
5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Face Mask I usually
wear when going out” …...........................................................55
6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Received latest News
about COVID-19” ….................................................................57
7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Mode of
Transportation” …....................................................................59
8. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Establishments I
Usually go in this Time of Pandemic …...................................60
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Table Page
9. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Mode of Payment” ...........62
10. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Knowing what to do when
there is CoVID-19 case in our Barangay or Neighborhood” ...63
11. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “I use for disinfecting
my hands” ………………………................................................64
12. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “ Type of Test I will
take if I have Symptoms of CoVID-19” …...............................68
13. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Preferred Vaccine”…........68
14. Weighted Mean based on the Assessment by the Respondent in
Terms of Perception Towards CoVID-19 ………………………....69
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. The Flow of the Study ………..……………………………………………….4
2. Map of Centro Escolar University-Makati,
Gil Puyat Branch ………...…………………………………………..34
3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
in Terms of Awareness Towards CoVID-19 .…..………...........53
4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “I am updated with
the latest Information about CoVID-19 .…...........................56
5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “I Feel Comfortable
Going Outside Despite Pandemic ..…....................................58
6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “How Scared
are you?” …..........................................................................65
7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution “Willingness to be
Vaccinated” .........................................................................67
x
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CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Setting
Introduction
Since the beginning CoVID-19 pandemic, information about this
virus is general and different because it is new to the medical field. There
are no specific symptoms and treatment available. In the first quarter of
the pandemic, people knew that it was contagious, deadly, and had no
treatment. Most people rely on news and the statements given by the
World Health Organization (WHO).
Gathering the information was not hard to do, since the authorities
use social media as a platform in spreading awareness to people but there
is no guarantee that the information people read is from legitimate
sources. Since the pandemic, the officials were not only concerned about
the disease itself, they were far more concerned with misinformation that
may impede public health responses. According to WHO, Director-General
Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyessus (2020), “we’re not just fighting an
epidemic; we’re fighting an infodemic”.
As this crisis continues to affect the world, there have been a lot of
noticeable adjustments that have happened in all sorts of aspects as from
the way some people behave and perceive up to the global economic status
of different countries as a whole. There were several myths and legends

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about coronavirus that are circulating in all sorts of media: social
networking sites, online journals, tabloids, and even newspapers. People
are in a constant change of their personal views because even though there
is still more to know about this recent strain of Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS). All these alterations and addition of current facts on
individuals’ prior insight truly has a great impact on how they grasp the
situation specifically to those who are under investigation or monitoring
and the ones that are already positive with the virus.
Since medical students will be the first in the line of defense soon,
the researchers come up and see the significance of this study to assess
the knowledge of the student in terms of understanding the virus and how
well they know to protect themselves and the precautionary measures
needed to consider to prevent the spread of the virus because most likely,
medical students are at high risk of obtaining the virus.
Background of the Study
The Novel Coronavirus (CoVID-19) outbreak was first reported in the
city of Wuhan from the province of Hubei in China in December 2019.
According to experts, CoVID-19 originated from bats being sold in the
marketplace of Wuhan, China. At the present moment, confirmed cases of
CoVID-19 have been reported on six continents and in more than 100
countries. In the Philippines, the first confirmed case was recorded last
January 30, 2020, and in March the Philippine Government declared the
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State of Calamity for six months following a spike in the confirmed cases.
The declaration led to local lockdowns (quarantine) which prohibits the
people from going out unless necessary. Due to lockdown, many factors in
the lives of people were and still are affected, including jobs and education.
Hence, the researchers will be assessing the student’s awareness,
behavior, and perception towards CoVID-19.
The research will concentrate on medical technology students only,
the researchers have taken interest in this topic because they are also
medical technology students. A brief background on medical
technologists, they are the one who collects and processes specimens from
the body, it is a part of their curriculum to be trained in the hospital to
perform all of this as interns which carry over in their careers. Although
doctors and nurses take most of the spot-light during the pandemic, it is
arguable that medical technologists are just as important if not more so
than the aforementioned for reasons such as they are the ones who collect
and process specimens from CoVID-19 patients so the risk is just as high.
With all this being said, the researchers are eager to know how this affects
medical technology students, whether this encourages them or the
opposite, how immense the pressure is to them knowing that they must
learn in a very challenging way without access to a physical laboratory and
their awareness about CoVID-19.
The recent coronavirus disease (CoVID-19) pandemic is associated
with increased morbidity and mortality and has impacted the lives of the
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global populations. Human behavior and knowledge assessment during
the crisis are critical in the overall efforts to contain the outbreak
Khasawneh et al. (2020). During this period, people tend to rely on the use
of social media as their source of information with the latest updates and
news about CoVID-19. In this study, the researchers will conduct research
and evaluate the data gathered from the medical technology students that
will be beneficial and raise awareness not only to the medical technology
students but also to the parents, the community, and future researchers.
Conceptual Framework
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identify the level of awareness, behavior, and
perception of medical technology students at Centro Escolar University
Makati concerning CoVID-19.
Specifically, this research intends to answer the following questions:
1. How knowledgeable are the medical technology students
about the information they gathered regarding CoVID-19 and
its infectious agent SARS-CoV-2?
2. What are the factors affecting the behavior of medical
technology students?
3. How do medical technology students perceive the CoVID-19
situation?
Significance of the Study
The research study shall be beneficial to the following groups of
people in particular: (1) Medical practitioners; (2) Medical students; (3)
Parents; (4) Future researchers; and (5) Centro Escolar University.
This study will help to establish an understanding in relation to the
Awareness, Behavior, and Perception Towards CoVID-19 of Medical
Technology Students in Centro Escolar University-Makati. It will help raise
awareness, and can immensely help the medical industry in the future.
Assessing the knowledge of the students helps the researchers to draw

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attention to the unfamiliarity of the students. Furthermore, the study will
also help in increasing the self-awareness, sensitivity, and preparedness
of the students not just at this moment, but also for the future. The data
presented will serve as a basis for conducting new research or testing the
validity of the related findings. The study has significant implications for
future actions, such as improving self-care by increasing CoVID-19
prevention awareness and control guidelines. This study will provide
recommendations that they can use as references in their line of study.
Scope and Delimitations
The focus of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness,
behavior, and perception of first-year to third-year medical technology
students of the school year 2020-2021 at Centro Escolar University
Makati. This aims to assess whether the participants are knowledgeable
regarding the basic facts of coronavirus: mode of transmission and
prevention. This will also determine whether the perception of the
respondents affects their behavior about the matter.
First-year to third-year students of the medical technology
department will be randomly selected regardless of their age and gender.
The study will also utilize a questionnaire that will encompass the
objectives of the study and will only include clinically proven and known
facts about SARS-CoV-2. Other crucial procedures and operations will not
be applied hence will only be limited in gathering data through the

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dissemination of survey forms. One of the strengths of the study is that it
is conducted during the CoVID-19 outbreak and this is also an advantage
to gather more accurate information.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined according to their use in the study:
Behavior. The way the person acts in response to a particular
situation.
Contagious. Transmissible by direct or indirect contact with an
infected person.
Coronavirus. A large family of viruses transmitted between animals
and people that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe
diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
CoVID-19. A disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can affect the
upper respiratory tract. It spreads the same way other coronaviruses do,
mainly through person-to-person contact.
Knowledge. It is the understanding and comprehension of facts and
information acquired through experience and education.
Outbreak. Sudden or violent increase in the occurrence of a disease
in a particular time and place.

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Pandemic. A disease outbreak that spreads across multiple
countries or continents. It is also defined as an epidemic occurring
worldwide or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries.
Perception. It is a way of interpreting, understanding and the state
of being aware of something.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A viral respiratory
illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus
(SARS-CoV) and it is also a potentially deadly disease.
SARS-CoV-2. The infectious agent of CoVID-19.

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CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter shows existing studies, digital and scholarly research
journal articles, literature, and other significant and valid materials that
contain relevant information, ideas, and insights that are recognized by
the authors of the study from various sources. All excerpts used in this
chapter came from both the online library provided by Centro Escolar
University and from credible online websites which means all of these are
electronics and non-prints. This chapter gives the readers an overview and
emphasis of the researcher’s perspective and insights in conducting the
selected research topic.
Perceived Information of Students Regarding CoVID-19
In the study of Mustafa et al. (2020) entitled “Knowledge, Attitude,
Behavior, and Stress-Related to CoVID-19 among Undergraduate Health
Care Students in Jordan” regarding the cause of CoVID-19, 45.9% of
participants believed that CoVID-19 infection is caused by CoV 2 (SARS-
CoV-2). About Fifteen and 10.9% believed that the infection is caused by
CoV 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and CoV (MERS-CoV), respectively. Almost 28.2%
had no idea about the cause of the infection. Concerning the CoVID-19
incubation period, 44.1% believed that it ranges from two to fourteen days,
while thirty and 25.2% believed that it ranges from seven to twenty-one
and seven to fourteen days, respectively. The majority of participants

10
(84.8%) believed that antibiotics are not useful for the treatment of CoVID-
19. Concerning the death rate associated with CoVID-19, 64% gave a
response of 5%, 21.2% had no idea, while thirteen and 1.8% believed that
the death rate is thirty and 50%, respectively. Overall, the participants
showed good knowledge about the disease symptoms, high-risk categories,
and the preventative measures that should be taken.
In the early days of the pandemic, there is a study by Lau et al.
(2020) entitled “Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of CoVID-19 Among
Income-poor Households in the Philippines: A Cross-sectional Study” that
utilized a combination of International Care Ministries (ICM) cross-
sectional program monitoring and evaluation system with the knowledge,
attitude and practices (KAP) questions. Even though less information was
known when this study was conducted since the survey was administered
from February 20 up to March 30, 2020, 2090 out of the 2224 respondents
or 94% were already aware of the novel coronavirus yet the basic
knowledge about it can be sometimes wrong or if not lacking.
Due to this, the researchers emphasize information dissemination
using different sources. Because of the widespread use of social media like
Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, sharing certain details can be done in
a fast-paced manner which has both pros and cons for not all data being
disseminated is correct. This is where misinformation comes in for it
greatly affects the health responses of the participants up to a point where

11
a little exaggeration of its effects can cause panic or a false sense of
security which will then influence their behavior.
The gathered data in this research shows a knowledge gap
specifically in the aspect of preventive measures for there is a contrary
when the involved individuals reported to be doing social distancing but
not choosing it as a precaution in the actual survey form. This proves that
despite knowing about particular practices on how to act and minimize
the transmission or possible acquisition of the diseases, people still do not
understand the principle as to which of them is more effective making
proper health education a concern.
In line with this, Sudeep et al. (2020) research study entitled
“CoVID-19 Perception and Knowledge Among Various College-going
Medical Students: A Questionnaire-based Survey”, more than 90% of the
total number of respondents had the correct answers. Medical students
are expected to be knowledgeable with the new SARS-CoV-2 as well as
other health care professionals and providers for they play a vital role in
educating people to avoid further misconceptions.
Since the CoVID-19 is still a new disease, there is a lack of literature
to supplement this claim. The previous study then suggested that more
studies should be made addressing the level of awareness through this
kind of assessment because they are truly beneficial in health education
and deciding how existing health care protocols can be improved.

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The research article of Suzanne (2020) entitled “Medical Students in
the Time of CoVID-19” stated that the viewpoint of the current status of
medical education, describes how CoVID-19 may affect pre-clerkship and
clerkship learning environments, and explores potential implications of
CoVID-19 for the future of medical education. In response to CoVID-19,
medical education faculty have quickly transitioned the entire pre-
clerkship curriculum to online formats that include content in the basic
sciences, health system sciences, and even behavioral sciences. Small-
group formats convened online in virtual team settings and clinical skills
sessions may occur online or, in some cases, may be deferred.
This article emphasized to the researchers that there are different
platforms for the students to learn. Even in times of a pandemic, people
will tend to find more ways to gather the information they need. The
researchers learned from this article that change is constantly happening
and in line with the study, the researchers may see results that people
adapt and quickly transition from one thing to another.
According to Ma, R., Deng, Z., & Wu, M. (2020) people tend to be
more inclined to instructional reports that tell a story that came from non-
medical blogs. They said that health authorities must take advantage of
their accounts for proper information dissemination in order to reduce
panic from the public. They said also that the health pages must take
advantage of using different formats such as infographics so that it can
reach more people properly.

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This study is relevant to the present study because it provides
information that certain people tend to go to pages that are not reliable
therefore the information they get may be falsified.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020), there are
two tests that can be used for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 strain,
Rapid antigen tests, and RT-PCR tests. WHO stated that rapid antigen test
detects viral proteins, where the sample is collected from oropharyngeal or
nasopharyngeal swabs, but according to them, this test is less accurate
than the RT-PCR, but they prefer this more for community or mass testing
for its fast turnaround time. Also, the WHO explained that in most
situations, RT-PCR must be used since it detects the virus’ genetic
material, and RT-PCR is the gold standard and confirmatory test for
CoVID-19.
This is related to the present study because it will provide the
researchers accurate information for the survey. It will also help the
researchers disseminate proper information to the readers of this study.
Perception of Students Regarding CoVID-19
The Journal article by Soltan et al. (2020) entitled “Knowledge, Risk
Perception, and Preventive Behaviors Related to CoVID-19 Pandemic
Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Egypt”, it was stated that it is
important for a medical student to have knowledge about the risk and
hazards in terms of dealing with CoVID-19 because medical students are

14
supposed to be at higher risk of getting infected because of the possible
exposure. Because of this, evaluating the knowledge, risk perception, and
preventive behaviors of the students related to CoVID-19 will be a great
help to protect themselves.
Medical students have good knowledge, practice preventive
behaviors, and perceive the risk of being infected. Soltan et al. (2020) also
ascertained that the students who received education about CoVID-19 and
students who perceived a higher risk of infection were more adherent to
preventive measures. Therefore, evaluating the perception will be helpful
to minimize the risk of being infected and directs to raise knowledge,
awareness for a better outlook that will eventually enhance the practice of
preventive measures in disease control.
The journal article by Jah et al. (2020) entitled “Knowledge About
the CoVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Medical and Dental
Students in Lalitpur, Nepal'' stated that Medical students are directly or
indirectly connected with epidemics and pandemics. Since there is a
shortage of healthcare professionals in many developing countries,
medical students can also be a part of the treatment care practices and
can increase the efficiency of inadequately staffed clinics by taking patient
histories, providing patients with laboratory test results, educating
patients, documenting visits, and answering questions about CoVID-19.
The researchers also mentioned that Medical students are considered to

15
have an important role in the pandemic of CoVID-19. Medical students
can also work as a volunteer with adequate training and can take part in
managing the pandemic within their competencies under the supervision
and protective gears.
Another idea by Olum et al. (2020) entitled “Perspective of Medical
Students on the CoVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of Nine Medical Schools in
Uganda” conducted an online, descriptive cross-sectional study, using a
google forms questionnaire consisting of three dependent variables:
knowledge, attitude, and practices towards CoVID-19, it was shown that
9 in 10 of the medical students had sufficient knowledge irrespective of
the factors such as age, sex, and university of study.
In addition, 4th year medical students are more likely to have good
knowledge and perception compared to 1st-year medical students as they
have already undergone clerkship in hospitals. Meanwhile, In the same
study, it was also stated that the CoVID-19 pandemic has impaired the
training of medical students across the globe. Yet in spite of this, 74% of
the participants had positive attitudes towards CoVID-19. With regards to
practices, Iranian medical students had a high rate of 95% of preventive
practice behaviors compared to their Ugandan counterparts 57%, due to
the recruitment of more senior students in their clinical years. With the
study, the researchers were able to demonstrate that Ugandan medical

16
students have sufficient knowledge on CoVID-19 and the majority are
willing to join the frontline health care response when called upon.
The articles above highlighted the significance of having knowledge
about CoVID-19 as it will be a great help in fighting against the virus.
Moreover, the articles also emphasized the important role of medical
students as they have the power to educate others, raise awareness
regarding the spread of the virus, as well as to incorporate their skills in
order to help. The researchers were able to learn and understand the
perceptions, practices and knowledge of the medical students with regards
to CoVID-19 in the articles. In line with the study, the researchers will be
able to assess the respondents’ perceptions and see if they have enough
knowledge regarding CoVID-19.
A survey study of Polish medical students Baczek et al. (2021)
“Students’ perception of online learning during the CoVID-19 pandemic”,
carefully examined the advantages such as the ability to stay home and
disadvantages, notably, the lack of interaction in electronic learning. Many
of the respondents rated electronic learning as enjoyable (73%). However,
a successful implementation will require a more well thought-out strategy
and a more active approach.
In addition Muthuprasad et al. (2021) wrote “Students’ perception
and preference for online education in India during CoVID-19 pandemic”,
explaining that the majority of the students prefer recorded classes with
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quizzes at the end of each class to improve the effectiveness of learning.
Flexibility and convenience makes E-learning an attractive option which
comes with its own challenges such as connectivity in rural areas.
The research article of Rahman et al. (2021) entitled “CoVID-19
Responses Among University Students of Bangladesh: Assessment of
Status and Individual View Toward CoVID-19”, stated that Bangladesh is
one of the worst affected countries in the CoVID-19 pandemic. The adverse
impact due to this pandemic has spilled over from the health care
department to the socio-economic and education sector of this country.
Statistical analyses were conducted based on the type and normality
distribution of data. Majority of the students who participated experienced
a high impact (61.48%) on their study. They were also exceedingly
concerned with their mental health (47.84%) due to this pandemic. A large
number of students attended online classes (69.62%). Students living in
the capital city Dhaka reported more unsafe current places than the
students living outside Dhaka. Furthermore, universities supported their
students through multiple financial and mental assistance initiatives.
Participated students reported moderate knowledge, attitude, and high
practice scores. Overall, female students demonstrated better point of view
and practice scores than male students (Rahman et al., 2020).
The article above emphasized that the CoVID-19 pandemic has a
huge effect on the education system, as the majority of the students were
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greatly affected. In addition, the mental health of the students was also
compromised due to the current situation. The researchers have learned
that the participants of the study above have only moderate knowledge
with regards to CoVID-19, therefore, the universities gave support whether
it be financial or mental assistance.
In addition by Noreen et al. (2020) in the journal article entitled
“Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Against the Growing Threat of
CoVID-19 Among Medical Students of Pakistan”, Medical students,
especially females and senior year scholars, were well-versed with desired
levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive measures toward CoVID-19.
Most of them recognized CoVID 19, is shaping their social, mental, and
psychological well-being and encroaching on the healthcare system and
economy. The results that are acquired by the Knowledge, Attitudes, and
Practices (KAP) said to help the people for preventive measures in the
future.
Noreen et al. (2020) also stated that most Pakistan medical students
have no knowledge regarding the virus, the only source of information is
the social media platform and television. Most of them did not know the
virus causes CoVID-19 and that all community members are equally at
risk of CoVID-19. Half of the Medical students did not believe that risk of
getting infected when traveling by plane is higher. About 39% of the
students believed the virus is human-made and deliberately released, but
the students show a positive attitude against the virus.

19
This journal article is related to the present study because it proved
that the information disseminated on social media and television about
the virus is not enough because there are still some confusions about the
virus, but the WHO did not fail to disseminate the proper hygiene and good
practices against the virus.
A research article by Wolf et al. (2020) entitled “Awareness,
Attitudes, and Actions Related to CoVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic
Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak” conducted a Cross-sectional
study of adults with underlying health conditions in one (1) city during the
initial week of the CoVID-19 U.S. outbreak. It was also stated that the
evolving outbreak of CoVID-19 is requiring social distancing and other
measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been
inconsistent and unclear.
The article above emphasized that adults with comorbid conditions
lacked critical knowledge about CoVID-19 and despite concern, were not
changing routines or plans. This study served as additional information to
the present study with regards to the lack of knowledge and awareness of
the symptoms and ways to prevent infection of CoVID-19.
Effect of CoVID-19 Towards the Behavior of Students
In a research conducted by Hager et al. (2020) which is entitled
“Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions Towards the 2019 Coronavirus
Pandemic: A Bi-national Survey in Africa”, two countries were involved in

20
the said survey namely Nigeria and Egypt. These two nations were chosen
because they were the first African states that have encountered positive
cases. Since face-to-face interviews and paper-based survey forms were
not possible, online data sheets were then utilized. Because of this, there
is an indeed limited population since only those with an internet
connection can participate in the study.
The results on the third part of the research cross-sectional
community-based questionnaire that pertains to the attitude of the
respondents towards existing preventive measures were all satisfactory
which means that the respondents are well informed about its benefits and
actually perform them in their day-to-day living. Unlike the other
respondents, elderly females and those with a medical background also
had a much positive attitude about CoVID-19.
On the contrary, some of the participants felt anxious in coping up
with the new normal. This study then calls the attention of the government
for mental health support because of the continuous escalation of
concerns like anxiety particularly to those who are positive about the virus.
According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO, 2020), most countries around the world have
temporarily closed educational institutions to contain the spread of the
CoVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide closures are impacting hundreds
of millions of students. Several other countries have implemented localized
closures impacting millions of additional learners. It has affected more

21
than 213 million learners worldwide with more than 28 million learners in
the Philippines.
The article mentioned above the impact of CoVID-19 on the behavior
of the students especially those who are greatly affected by the pandemic.
It was also stated in this study that face-to-face interviews and paper-
based interviews were not utilized so only limited respondents could
participate in the study since not everyone has an internet connection for
the online datasheets. A high percentage was seen with positive attitude
and behavior especially on the importance of handwashing and other
preventive measures.
According to a journal article by Saraswathi et al. (2020) entitled
“Impact of CoVID-19 Outbreak on the Mental Health Status of
Undergraduate Medical Students in a CoVID-19 Treating Medical College:
A Prospective Longitudinal Study”, stated that the CoVID-19 pandemic
greatly affects the mental health, behavior, and way of thinking of the
population especially the undergraduate medical students. The data
shown in the article using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21
(DASS21) proved that this pandemic appears to have a negative effect on
the mental health, in general, of the medical students with the prevalence
and levels of anxiety and stress being increased.
Saraswathi et al. (2020) also stated that Social isolation was found
strongly associated with anxiety, depression, self-harm, and suicidal
tendencies. The long period of isolation triggers stress, frustrations,

22
boredom, lack of freedom, and concerns for family and friends are some of
the factors that could dramatically affect the mental well-being of a person
during the quarantine. Poor sleep quality and increased psychological
distress are associated as well and these cases are documented increase
during earlier pandemics. The mental health of the students was found to
be even poorer compared to the general population because medical
students were less likely to seek mental help even though it was accessible.
This study helps the current study to understand the things a medical
student is going through during the pandemic and can improve the way of
life of future health workers.
The article above emphasized the possible outcome and effect of the
CoVID-19 on the situation of the medical students. CoVID-19 became the
reason why there is an increase in the level of their anxiety and stress.
Moreover, medical students are more vulnerable to the impact of the
pandemic and due to this it may affect the decision-making of a student
and how they perceive the CoVID-19 health preventive measures and
protocols.
In a research conducted by Mirahmadizadeh et al. (2020) entitled
“Evaluation of Students' Attitude and Emotions Towards the Sudden
Closure of Schools During the CoVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional
Study”, school closures due to the CoVID-19 pandemic era has directly
impacted today’s young learners. Although more than two-thirds of the

23
countries have introduced a platform for distance learning, this program
was not successful in underdeveloped countries compared to developed
ones with almost 30% of them being able to run a similar program. Given
the fact that school closure may affect the students in a variety of aspects,
Mirahmadizadeh et al. conducted an investigation on the student’s positive
and negative attitudes and emotions toward the closure of schools due to
the CoVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate its correlation with related
academic factors.
Mirahmadizadeh et al. (2020), stated that the survey demonstrated
a higher score regarding the students’ positive emotion towards school
compared to negative emotions. These findings reveal that students
generally have enthusiasm for the reopening of school. Furthermore, two
studies were conducted in the Philippines to compare the motivation and
attitude gap between public and private schools. The researchers showed
that the positive attitude and motivation of private schools toward learning
are higher than students studying in public schools, which can be justified
by the fact that those who study in private schools have better support
from parents and teachers which results in expediting conditions.
The article above highlighted the impact of the sudden closure of the
schools/universities during the CoVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were
evaluated based on their positive and negative emotion despite the
situation that the students were facing right now. The researchers found
24
out that there is still a large population of students who showed
enthusiasm towards learning and going back to school.
In an article by Al Jasser et al. (2020) entitled “Awareness Toward
CoVID-19 Precautions Among Different Levels of Dental Students in King
Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia”, it was stated that due to
psychological attention given to the pandemic, participants exhibited an
increased level of knowledge and adoption of precautionary measures by
following daily news, updates, and information available in the published
articles. Furthermore, several informative guideline papers had been
published to increase awareness about the current situation, considering
that such types of contributions are effective and may help in overcoming
the shortage of healthcare professionals.
Al Jasser et al. (2020), also pointed out that the pandemic situation
demands strengthening of awareness to deal with CoVID-19 and urgent
development of strategies to prevent infection among healthcare providers.
The study concluded that awareness about CoVID-19 among dental
students from three different levels studying in King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was fair, considering the quarantine-based
obligations and the pandemic situation in the country. Furthermore, the
notion implicates the importance of improving the presiding level of
awareness for further protection and safety measures among these
students with high-risk exposure.

25
The article mentioned above that the effect of CoVID-19 also has a
positive impact to the students in order to be more aware of the safety
precautions. This study showed that there are still a lot of improvements
that should be made to prevent infection among healthcare providers and
to strengthen the awareness of CoVID-19.
According to the research article entitled “Effects of the CoVID-19
Pandemic on Medical Students: A Multicenter Quantitative Study” by
Harries et al. (2021) stated that The CoVID-19 pandemic disrupted the
education system of United States medical students and the clinical
training years of the students pauses all the student clinical rotations with
in-person patient care. With regards to that many medical students are
willing to accept the risk of CoVID-19 infection in order to perform the
clinical rotations they need to perform instead of taking it online. Students
are considering the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) if they will
be allowed to return to clinical activities.
Harries et al. (2021) study showed the result that most student
respondents (74.9%) had a clinical rotation that was cut short or canceled
due to CoVID-19 and 93.7% reported not being involved in clinical
rotations with in-person patient contact at the time of the study. Regarding
students’ perceptions of canceled rotations (allowing for multiple
reactions), 75.8% felt this was appropriate, 34.7% felt guilty for not being
able to help patients and colleagues, 33.5% felt disappointed, and 27.0%
felt relieved.
26
This article highlighted the perceptions of students regarding
clinical rotations at hospitals amid the CoVID-19 pandemic. Most of the
students felt that the cancelation of the clinical rotation is inappropriate,
some felt guilty for not being able to help patients and colleagues, others
are disappointed while there are those who are relieved that it was
canceled. Due to the varying perceptions of the student, the present study
will help in assessing the thoughts of first to third-year Medical Technology
students since cases for CoVID-19 are continuously increasing making
face-to-face classes uncertain.
Overall, the studies presented in the perceived information of
students section connotes that information dissemination can be
anywhere. This means that there are many platforms for people to get their
information. A study by Lau et al. (2020) said that there is common
knowledge of CoVID-19 in the Philippines but the information that their
respondents garnered came from different sources hence there is different
perceived information of the people regarding CoVID-19. Wherein, this
study can do more since the researchers believe that after this study aided
with this different related information, the researchers can provide more
information. This section also told the researchers that students accepted
the fact of this crisis hence the students constantly adapted to the
situation in regards to their perceived information. The students find
different means just to get information.

27
The study from Hager et al. (2020), Saraswathi et al. (2020) focused
on the effect on the behavior and the status of mental health towards
SARS-CoV2 pandemic. On the other hand, the study of United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2020),
Mirahmadizadeh et al. (2020), focused on the status and behavior of
students with the closures of schools that impacted young learners around
the world. While the study from Al Jasser et al. (2020) and Olum et al.
(2020) focused on the awareness and the attitude of the medical students
towards the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Data gathered from both studies
shows the positive attitude and sufficient knowledge of the medical
students. These studies provided above will give the researchers an idea
of what will be the most possible results of the study. Based on the
provided information, the SARS-CoV pandemic has impacted the lives of
people and affected the mental health of the respondents. In the present
study, the researchers aim to assess the Awareness Behavior and
Perception towards CoVID-19 of Medical Technology students in Centro
Escolar University-Makati.
Studies conducted with students in the medical field reveal that the
pandemic brought by CoVID-19 did not only disrupt the normal routine of
students, supported by the study of Saraswathi et al. (2020) which pointed
out the effect on mental health is on the negative end of the scale measured
through the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. The pandemic required
isolation from everyone, affected or unaffected which served as one of the

28
major challenges during the early stages of the pandemic. When it comes
to health-related challenges, the medical field is continuously adapting to
the changes that the pandemic is continuously bringing, Solan et al.
(2020) claimed that medical students are more adherent to preventive
measures, showing that previous learnings in health and cleanliness is
being observed and applied more keenly.
In addition to this, Suzanne (2020) said that people are very
resourceful and creative looking for different platforms or alternatives in
learning, both professor and student making necessary adjustments to fill
the void caused by suspended face-to-face learning. Mirahmadizadeh et
al. (2020) found that students are showing higher enthusiasm on
reopening of schools. In a summary, most populations of students in
various studies conducted during the pandemic are very resilient and
innovative when it comes to survival yet others still have doubts and
misconceptions about CoVID-19.
Collected literature and studies from Jah et al. (2020) and Olum et
al. (2020), perceived that medical students especially today, truly have a
crucial role in helping with the pandemic. Even though the training and
internship were affected, the students still managed to have a positive
attitude and perception about it. Soltan et al. (2020) and Rahman et al.
(2021) then showed the importance of having a good perception of the
situation amidst the different factors and risks that comes along with
CoVID-19. Their studies also showed that regardless of the hazards and
29
adverse effects of the pandemic, medical students still consider their
mental stability. Considering that mental health is one of the main
concerns of the public in conjunction with the disease itself, evaluating
the perception of medical technology students from the first year to third
year will help in understanding their behavior with the issue making this
study timely and necessary.

30
CHAPTER 3
Methods and Procedures
In this chapter, it will present the method of research used, the
research procedure, the research setting, the respondents of the study,
and the sampling technique used. The construction of the instrument will
also be expounded as well as the different statistical treatments that the
researchers will use. All of these will help in the analysis of the data and
the formulation of conclusions.
Research Methodology
The research study will utilize a descriptive method of investigation
involving a quantitative approach. In this study, a quantitative approach
will be applied for the statistical analysis of data obtained from the survey
questionnaires which was posted on online platforms and was used by the
researchers to collect information from the respondents. The researchers
would make use of existing literature to verify the experimentation and
come up with preliminary ideas regarding the research problem.
Research Procedures
The researchers will be using a non-probability convenience
sampling technique for the selection of participants among the Medical
Technology Students of Centro Escolar University-Makati. Prior to

31
selection, the researchers will make a letter, requesting approval of survey
distribution from the department head. The survey questionnaires will also
be subjected to reliability and validity. Upon approval, the researchers will
then start distributing the survey questionnaires to chosen participants
only.
The study will be conducted in a manner that the researchers will
honor the ethical standards of research. Therefore, the participants will be
well informed about the procedures that will take place in the study.
Moreover, informed consent will be given in order for the participants to
fully understand what they are participating in, as well as to be assured
that all the information acquired is confidential to maintain privacy while
the study is being conducted.
Data collection will be conducted through an online survey,
specifically, Google Forms considering that paper-based questionnaires
are not feasible with the current situation. The gathered data from the
four-part questionnaire will then be consolidated in accordance with their
category: general information, level of awareness, perception, and
behavior.
Each part will be treated statistically. In assessing the awareness
part of the questionnaire, Percentage will be utilized while Likert Scale and
Weighted Arithmetic Mean will be used for the perception part. Measures
of Central Tendency for the behavior segment and Pearson Chi-square Test
for determining the relationship of the perception and behavior of the

32
respondents. Then it will be interpreted and analyzed through charts and
tables.
Setting of the Study
The SARS-CoV-2 (CoVID-19) outbreak has greatly affected the
world, it is the main headline of the news locally and internationally up to
this day. Information regarding the spread of the virus happens so fast,
this causes confusion about the signs and symptoms as well as specific
treatment or the lack thereof.
Every case is unique which is why the information is not consistent
especially at the beginning of the pandemic. It is evident now more than
ever, monitoring of the epidemic is required with the highest level of
accuracy and commitment on a macro-scale down to the micro-scale, this
applies to contact tracing particularly during its early period to improve
containment and isolation plans. The need for information increases as
time goes, so it is only right to come up with the right data to enlighten
the people.
The research study will be focusing on evaluating the level of
awareness, behavior, and perception of first-year to third-year medical
technology students at Centro Escolar University Makati. The researchers
will provide survey questionnaires provided with a consent form to the
Students of Medical Technology through online survey tools available on
the internet.
33
In order to observe social distancing protocols and avoid physical
contact, the researchers have thought of conducting the survey online,
ensuring the safety of both researchers and respondents, also to minimize
the carbon footprint of the research.
Centro Escolar University was established on June 3, 1907, in
Mendiola, Manila. Due to the growing demand for higher quality
education, the university branched out in different locations. In June
2005, a Makati City branch was opened at Gil Puyat avenue offering health
professional courses like Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, where
the university was known for, up to this day.
Moreover, the researchers choose Centro Escolar University-
Makati, Gil Puyat Campus to analyze and to conduct the study to be able
to apply the skills, ideas, and expertise that will be instilled to the
researchers with the help of the professors and advisers. The researchers
are confident that the university will have great help in obtaining and
gathering the necessary information needed for the success of the research
study.
The following figure in the next page shows the location of Centro
Escolar University - Makati, Gil Puyat Campus

34
Figure 2
Map of Centro Escolar University- Makati Campus

35
Subjects/Respondents of the Study
The subjects of this study will be the first-year to third-year students
of the Medical Technology Department. The researchers choose these
students of the Medical Technology Department because this department’s
population has the most students in the University totaling five hundred
ten students (510). The researchers also believed that the students should
be tested for their awareness, behavior, and perception towards the
ongoing situation since in the near future these students will be the ones
on the frontlines.
Sampling Technique
The researchers will be using in this study the Stratified Random
sampling technique. In this sampling technique, the researchers will get
random respondents in a population of Medical Technology students
which is composed of first-year to third-year in Centro Escolar University-
Makati. From each year, the sample size will be drawn proportionately.
The overall population of Medical Technology students is five
hundred eight (508), one-hundred eighty-four (184) for first-year students,
one hundred seventy-nine (179) for second-year students, and one
hundred forty-six (146) for third-year students. The Margin of error of this
study is (e=5%). The researchers determine the sample size by dividing the
total population (N=508) by (1+ Ne2=1+508(0.05)2) making up the two-
hundred twenty-four (n=224) sample size. Since the researchers will use
36
the Stratified Sampling Technique, the sample portion needs to be
determined by dividing the sample size (n=224) by the total population
(N=508) multiplied to one-hundred (100) making up the 44%
(portions/strata) per year. By multiplying this 44% to the total number of
students per year will get the result of the proportionate number of
respondents per year level.
Legend:
! = $ℎ& '()*+& , = $ℎ& *-*.+($/-! & = )(01/! -2 &00-0 (5%)
Table 1.
Computation of the sample per strata.
Computation Sample
1st year students (184)*(44%) 80.96≈81
2nd year students (179)*(44%) 78.76≈79
3rd year students (146)*(44%) 64.24≈64
Hence, eighty-one (81) students for the first year, seventy-nine (79)
students for the second year, and sixty-four (64) students for the third
year, regardless of their age and gender.

37
Research Instrument
The instrument incorporated by the researchers in the study is a
survey questionnaire. In preparation of the instrument, factors were
considered in designing the questionnaire, such as the validity, reliability,
interest, and target respondents. Accordingly, the researchers designed a
questionnaire that consisted of four parts. The first part would be
questions regarding the respondent’s profile, such as their name
(optional), gender, age, year/section/course they are currently enrolled in.
The main body of the questionnaire would be divided into three sections.
First section will be answerable by yes or no and will consist of 10
questions regarding the participants’ awareness towards CoVID-19. The
second section will be the checklist and will also consist of 10 questions
with reference to the respondent’s behavior towards CoVID-19. And the
last section will be the Likert scale that will consist of 12 questions with
regard to the respondent’s perception towards CoVID-19 wherein a point
scale is used to allow the respondents to express how much they agree or
disagree with the particular statement. Furthermore, the survey
questionnaire will be validated by the research professor before it is
distributed.
38
Table 2.
The Range-Value and Its Corresponding Agreement Level
Scale Range-Value Agreement
5 4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.51-4.50 Agree
3 2.51-3.50 Neutral
2 1.51-2.50 Disagree
1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree
QUESTIONNAIRE:
As a compliance for Undergraduate Research 2, we are conducting a
survey with the title “Assessment of the Awareness, Behavior and
Perception Towards CoVID-19 of Medical Technology Students in
Centro Escolar University-Makati”. All of the data that will be gathered
through this online form will be treated with utmost confidentiality so
please do answer sincerely.
Respondents Details
Name (Optional):
Age:
Gender:
39
Year and Section:
CEU Email Address:
I. Awareness. Please put a (✓) under the word that describes your
overall knowledge of each item.
Questions Yes No
The SARS-CoV-2 is airborne.
The SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible through fomites
The incubation period for the virus to proliferate ranges
from 5-14 days.
Taking dexamethasone can cure all types of CoVID-19
patients (Those with mild symptoms, severe and
critically ill patients)
Wearing a mask prevents the spread of the CoVID-19.
RT-PCR is the gold standard for testing CoVID-19.
The most common symptoms of CoVID-19 are: fever, dry
cough, fatigue and sometimes loss of taste or smell

40
Rapid Antigen Test is better than RT-PCR in terms of
accuracy
Rapid Antigen Test is better than RT-PCR in terms of
convenience
The vaccines created are inactivated/attenuated SARS-
CoV-2.
The new variant of SARS-CoV-2 does not affect the
severity of the disease but only influences its
transmission factors through its spike protein
II. Behavior. Please put a (✓) under the word that describes your
overall opinion of each item. Multiple responses are possible.
1. Do you wear a face mask and face shield whenever you go out?
_____ Yes
_____ No
2. If you answered yes in Number 1, what face mask do you usually
wear when going out?
______ Surgical Mask
______ N95
______ Cloth Mask

41
______ CopperMask
______ Others (Please specify):_____
3. Do you keep yourself updated with the latest information about
CoVID-19?
______ Yes
______ No
4. If you answered yes is Number 3, where do you usually browse for
you to be updated with the latest news about CoVID-19?
______ Television
______ Internet
______ Newspapers
5. Do you feel comfortable going outside despite the pandemic?
______ Yes
______ No
6. If you answered yes in Number 4, what mode of transportation do
you usually take when going outside?
______ Private car
______ Taxi
______ PUVs (jeep, bus, and trains)
______ TNVS (Grab, OWTO)
7. What establishments do you usually go to in this time of pandemic?

42
______ Malls
______ Restaurants/Fast-food chains
______ Grocery stores
______ Clothing stores
8. Which mode of payments do you use lately?
______ Cash
______ Credit/Debit cards
______ Cashless payments (GCASH, Paymaya, CLiqq etc.)
9. What do you do when you know that there was a CoVID-19 positive
patient in your barangay or neighborhood?
______ Do Isolation
______ Spread the news in your neighborhood
______ Get tested
10. What do you use for disinfecting your hands?
______ 70% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol
______ Gel Sanitizer
______ Handwashing
______ Wet wipes

43
11. In the current situation, how scared are you?
______ Not scared at all
______ Slightly scared
______ Scared
______ Very scared
12. If you have symptoms of CoVID-19, what type of test will you
take?
______ RT-PCR
______ Rapid Antigen Test
______ Rapid Antibody Test
______ Philippine Red Cross’ Saliva Test
______ Others
13. Are you willing to be vaccinated against CoVID-19?
______ Yes
______ No
14. If you answered yes in Number 12, what vaccine do you prefer
and will get?
______ Pfizer/BioNTech
______ Moderna
______ AstraZenaca
______ SinoPharm
______ Sinovac (Coronavac)

44
______ Gamaleya (Sputnik V)
______ Others
III. Perception. Please rate and put a (✓) under the word that describes
your overall opinion of each item.
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neither
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
5 4 3 2 1
1. All people should
always wear
facemask when
going outside
2. Instead of going
45
out for leisure,
staying at home
is still advisable
3. The government’s
action towards
the situation is
acceptable.
4. Following the
health guidelines
and protocols
given by the
barangay is a
must
5. Taking CoVID-19
vaccines is
essential before
resuming face-to-
face classes.
6. When
vaccinations
become available,
46
prioritized target
groups should be
the first ones to
have it
(frontliners,
senior citizens
and those who
have underlying
conditions).
7. When
vaccinations are
already given, the
people must still
observe social
distancing as well
as to limit
themselves from
going out unless
the government
has declared the
country CoVID-
19 free
47
8. It is advisable to
have your own
packed lunch
and set of
utensils when
classes are
resumed.
9. Taking Vitamin C
everyday helps in
boosting the
immune system
against CoVID-
19.
10. Wearing a
full-on face shield
must not be a
requirement.
11. There
should be a
limited number of
students for face-

48
to-face classes
since the
quarantine
protocols in the
country toned
down.
12. Face-to-
face classes for
allied health
courses should be
continued.
Validation of Instrument
The questionnaire formulated by the researchers will be submitted
for validation as regards to the validity and appropriateness of its content.
The questionnaire will be given to two professionals, one is a registered
medical technologist and the other one is a psychometrician, they are
going to grade the instrument with the use of a validation tool, the
validation tool that they will use will be provided by the researchers and
the validation tool is Good and Scate’s Survey Instrument Validation
Rating Scale. The organization of thoughts, completeness, terminologies,

49
and appropriateness of the questions will be evaluated thoroughly.
Furthermore, the information, observation, and. suggestion the
researchers find of value given by the experts will be taken full advantage
of in order to modify and improve on corrections and deficiencies observed.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data that will be gathered by the researchers will then be treated
using the Chi-square test, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, and Pearson’s Chi-
square test. These statistical treatments will be utilized in order for the
researchers to successfully evaluate the results.
1. Percentage - This will be utilized to determine how many of the
respondents got correct answers in the awareness portion. It will be
used as well in the treatment of the gathered data from the behavior
section of the questionnaire.
2. Measures of Central Tendency for Ungrouped Data - This will be
utilized to compute the gathered responses in the behavior portion
of the questionnaire.
3. Weighted Arithmetic Mean - This will be used in getting the average
or central tendency calculation of the data gathered. The formula is
shown below:
56
X=∑
7
Where:
50
X = weighted mean x = score
w = weighted factor
∑ = summation
N = total number of respondents

51
CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the data gathered, the result of the statistical
analysis done and interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables
following the sequence of the specific research problems of the study.
1. Knowledge of Students Regarding Their Gathered Information
Regarding CoVID-19 and Its Infectious Agent SARS-CoV-2.
Table 3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution based on the Assessment by the
Respondents in Terms of Awareness Towards CoVID-19
Statements No Yes
f % f %
1 The SARS-CoV-2 is airborne. 86 37.6 143 62.4
2 The SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible 25 10.9 204 89.1
through fomites
52
3 The incubation period for the virus to 8 3.5 221 96.5
proliferate ranges from 5-14 days.
4 Taking dexamethasone can cure all types 169 73.8 60 26.2
of CoVID-19 patients (Those with mild
symptoms, severe and critically ill
patients)
5 Wearing a mask prevents the spread of 3 1.3 226 98.7
the CoVID-19.
6 RT-PCR is the gold standard for testing 15 6.6 214 93.4
CoVID-19.
7 The most common symptoms of CoVID- 1 0.4 228 99.6
19 are: fever, dry cough, fatigue and
sometimes loss of taste or smell
8 Rapid Antigen Test is better than RT-PCR 184 80.3 45 19.7
in terms of accuracy
9 Rapid Antigen Test is better than RT-PCR 36 15.7 193 84.3
in terms of convenience
10 The vaccines created are 58 25.3 171 74.7
inactivated/attenuated SARS-CoV-2.
53
11 The new variant of SARS-CoV-2 does It 73 31.9 156 68.1
affect the severity of the disease but only
influences its transmission factors
through its spike protein
Figure 3
Respondents in Terms of Awareness Towards CoVID-19
Table 3, shows the Assessment of the awareness of the respondents
towards CoVID-19. It was indicated that statement 4 has sixty (60) or
26.2% answered Yes and one-hundred sixty-nine (169) or 78.8% answered
No. Majority of the respondents think otherwise that dexamethasone can

54
cure all types of CoVID. Statement 8 has forty-five (45) or 19.7% answered
Yes and one-hundred eighty-four (184) or 80.3% answered No. Majority of
the respondents think otherwise that a rapid antigen test is better in terms
of accuracy than RT-PCR. One reason could be that RT-PCR is the
confirmatory test and gold standard as emphasized by the World Health
Organization (WHO, 2020). Undoubtedly many of the respondents
answered the questions correctly since they are medical students. In
relation to the study of Sudeep et al. it was stated that medical students
are expected to be knowledgeable regarding this topic because they are
responsible to educate people to avoid confusion.
2. The Factors Affecting The Behavior of Medical Technology
Students.
Table 4
Respondents in Terms of Behavior Towards CoVID-19 in response to
“Wearing a face mask and face shield whenever I go out”
Wearing a face mask and Frequency Percentage (%)
face shield whenever I go
out
55
No 0 0.0
Yes 229 100
Total 229 100.0
Table 4, it was indicated that two-hundred twenty-nine (229) or
100% of the respondents are wearing facemasks whenever they go out.
The data therefore shows that all of the respondents are following health
protocols by wearing facemasks whenever they go out.
Table 5
“Face Mask I Usually Wear when Going Out”
Face Mask I Usually Wear Frequency Percentage (%)
when Going Out
Surgical Mask 222 96.9
N95 70 30.6
Cloth Mask 51 22.3

56
Copper Mask 8 3.5
Others (Specify:) 1 0.4
● KF94 1 0.4
Table 5, it appears that two-hundred twenty-two (222) or 96.9% of
the respondents chose to wear Surgical mask, followed by N95 scored
seventy (70) or 30.6% of the respondents and another specified mask is
KF94 scored one (1) or 0.4%. This shows that the majority of the
respondents uses the surgical mask, compared to other face masks.
Figure 4
“I am updated with the Latest Information about CoVID-19”

57
Figure 4, shows the behavior of the respondents towards the latest
information about CoVID-19, it appears that two-hundred and two (202)
or 88.2% are Updated and twenty-seven (27) or 11.8% are not updated.
The data revealed that almost all of the respondents keep themselves
updated with the latest information about CoVID-19. In relation to the
study of Lau et al. (2020), in the early days of pandemic about 94% were
already aware of CoVID-19 yet the basic knowledge about it can be
sometimes wrong or if not lacking.
Table 6
“Received Latest News about CoVID-19”
Received Latest News About Frequency Percentage (%)
CoVID-19
Television 141 69.8
Internet 192 95.0
Newspapers 11 5.4

58
● Telegram 1 0.5
Table 6, shows the sources of information about CoVID-19, it shows
that one-hundred ninety-two (192) or 95.0% of the respondents received
latest news on the Internet and the least scored is Newspaper eleven (11)
or 5.4%; Other specified is Telegram scored one (1) or 0.5%. The table
clearly shows that the majority of the respondents get their information
from the internet. In line with the study of Ma, Deng, & Wu (2020), people
tend to be more inclined to instructional reports that tell a story that came
from non-medical blogs.
Figure 5

59
“I Feel Comfortable Going Outside Despite Pandemic”
Figure 5, shows that one-hundred ninety-seven (197) or 86.0% of
the respondents answered No and thirty-two (32) or 14.0% answered Yes.
The figure shows that many of the respondents are not comfortable going
out during this pandemic.
Table 7
“Mode of transportation”
Mode of Transportation Frequency Percentage (%)
Private car 32 100.0
Taxi 7 21.9
PUVs (jeep, bus, and trains) 10 31.3
TNVS (Grab, OWTO) 8 25.0
● Tricycle 1 3.1
● Motorcycle 1 3.1
60
● None 5 15.6
Table 7, shows the mode of transportation used by the respondents
when going outside; Private cars scored thirty-two (32) or 100% followed
by the PUVs (jeep, bus, and trains) with a score of ten (10) or 31.3%.
Evidence from table 7 revealed that private cars have the highest result of
100% with regards to mode of transportation than those who opted for
public transportation.
Table 8
“Establishment I Usually Go in this Time of Pandemic”
Establishments I Usually Frequency Percentage (%)
Go to in this Time of
Pandemic
Malls 65 28.4
Restaurants/Fast-food 58 25.3
chains
Grocery stores 187 81.7

61
Clothing stores 9 3.9
● School 5 2.2
● Church 4 1.7
● Hospital 3 1.3
● Dentist 2 0.9
● None. I stay at 13 5.7
home
Table 8, shows that Grocery stores are the most visited with a score
of one-hundred eighty-seven (187) or 81.7% followed by the Malls scored
with sixty-five (65) or 28.4%. Table 8 revealed that the highest number of
respondents goes to the grocery stores.

62
Table 9
“Mode of Payments”
Mode of Payments Frequency Percentage (%)
Cash 150 65.5
Credit/Debit cards 57 24.9
Cashless payments (GCASH, 174 76.0
Paymaya, CLiqq etc.)
● Bank 1 0.4
Table 9, shows that one-hundred seventy-four (174) or 76.0% of the
respondents pays cashless (GCASH, Paymaya, CLiqq and etc.) and one-
hundred fifty (150) or 65.5% pays Cash. Table 9 revealed that the majority
of the respondents opted for cashless payments than other modes of
payment.
63
Table 10
Respondents in Terms of Behavior Towards CoVID-19 in response to “I
Do When I Know That There was a CoVID-19 Positive Patient in
our Barangay or Neighborhood”
I Do When I Know That There was a Frequency Percentage (%)
CoVID-19 Positive Patient in
our Barangay or Neighborhood
Do Isolation 218 95.2
Spread the news in your 38 16.6
neighborhood
Get tested 99 43.2
● Do not go out of the 9 3.9
house
Table 10, shows that two-hundred eighteen (218) or 95.2% do an
isolation and ninety-nine (99) or 43.2% get tested. It appears that the
majority of the respondents opted for isolating themselves if there is a
CoVID-19 patient in their barangay or neighborhood.

64
Table 11
“I Used for Disinfecting my Hands”
I Used for Disinfecting my Frequency Percentage (%)
Hands
70% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol 229 100.0
Gel Sanitizer 43 18.8
Handwashing 198 86.5
Wet wipes 26 11.4
Table 11, it shows that the 70% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol is mostly
frequently used in disinfection and it scored two-hundred twenty-nine
(229) or 100% followed by the handwashing technique scored one-hundred
ninety-eight (198) or 86.5%. It appears in the table that the majority of
the respondents opted for 70% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol as disinfection
compared to other ways of disinfecting.

65
Figure 6
“How Scared are you”
Figure 6, it shows that one-hundred six (106) or 46.3% of the
respondents are Scared during this pandemic; fifty-eight (58) or 25.3%
said that they are slightly scared; fifty-four (54) or 23.6% of the
respondents are Very scared; and a total of eleven (11) or 4.8% said that
they are Not scared at all. Figure 6 revealed the highest percentage of
respondents are scared during this pandemic. In relation to the study of
Saraswathi et al. that CoVID-19 pandemic greatly affects the mental
health, behavior and way of thinking of the population especially the
medical students.
66
Table 12
“Type of test I will take If I have Symptoms of CoVID-19”
Type of test I will take If I Frequency Percentage (%)
have Symptoms of CoVID-19
RT-PCR 201 87.8
Rapid Antigen Test 83 36.2
Rapid Antibody Test 21 9.2
Philippine Red Cross’ Saliva 28 12.2
Test
Table 12, shows that two-hundred and one (201) or 87.8% of the
respondents answered that RT-PCR is the type of test they will take when
they have CoVID-19 symptoms and eighty-three (83) or 36.2% of the
respondents will take the Rapid Antigen test. Table 12 revealed that RT-
PCR got the highest result with regards to the type of test the respondents
will take when they have CoVID-19 symptoms. In relation to the study of
WHO (2020), Rapid Antigen test detects viral proteins but less accurately
67
than RT-PCR which is the gold standard and confirmatory test for CoVID-
19.
Figure 7
“Willingness to be Vaccinated”
Figure 7, shows the willingness of the respondents to be vaccinated.
Two-hundred and twelve (212) or 92.6% said that they are willing to be
vaccinated and seventeen (17) or 7.4% of the respondents said No. The
data revealed that the majority of the respondents are willing to be
vaccinated against CoVID-19.

68
Table 13
“Preferred Vaccine”
Preferred Vaccine Frequency Percentage (%)
Pfizer/BioNTech 165 72.1
Moderna 106 46.3
AstraZenaca 80 34.9
SinoPharm 12 5.2
Sinovac (Corona Vac) 49 21.4
Gamaleya (Sputnik V) 8 3.5
● Johnson & 2 0.9
Johnson
● Novavax 1 0.4
● Whatever is 4 1.7
available
69
Table 13, shows the vaccines that the respondents will take.
Pfizer/BioNtech scored the highest one-hundred sixty-five (165) or 72.1%
followed by the Moderna scoring one-hundred and six (106) or 46.3%.
Evidence from table 13 shows that the respondents preferred vaccine is
Pfizer/BioNtech with the highest result compared to other vaccines.
3. Perception of Medical Technology Students Toward The CoVID-
19 Situation.
Table 14
Weighted Mean based on the Assessment by the Respondents
in Terms of Perception Towards CoVID-19
Statements Mean Verbal
Interpretation
1 All people should always wear facemask 4.85 Strongly Agree
when going outside
2 Instead of going out for leisure, staying 4.82 Strongly Agree
at home is still advisable
3 The government’s action towards the 1.94 Disagree
situation is acceptable.
70
4 Following the health guidelines and 4.73 Strongly Agree
protocols given by the barangay is a
must
5 Taking CoVID-19 vaccine is essential 4.64 Strongly Agree
before resuming face-to-face classes.
6 When vaccinations become available, 4.84 Strongly Agree
prioritized target groups should be the
first ones to have it (frontliners, senior
citizens and those who have underlying
conditions).
7 When vaccinations are already given, 4.79 Strongly Agree
the people must still observe social
distancing as well as to limit themselves
from going out unless the government
has declared the country CoVID-19 free
8 It is advisable to have your own packed 4.79 Strongly Agree
lunch and set of utensils when classes
are resumed
71
9 Taking Vitamin C everyday helps in 4.68 Strongly Agree
boosting the immune system against
CoVID-19.
10 Wearing a full-on face shield must not 2.44 Disagree
be a requirement.
11 There should be a limited number of 4.42 Agree
students for face-to-face classes until
the quarantine protocols in the country
toned down.
12 Face-to-face classes for allied health 4.09 Agree
courses should be continued
Grand Mean: 4.25 Agree
*Strongly Disagree (1.00 – 1.50), Disagree (1.51 – 2.50), Neutral (2.51 – 3.50), Agree (3.51 – 4.50),
“Strongly Agree (4.51 – 5.00)
Table 14, this table will present the perception of the Respondents
towards the CoVID-19. It presents statement 3 which obtained a mean of
1.94, as according to the data, the respondents are not in favor or
disagrees with the government's actions towards the situation. In
Statement 10 which obtained a mean 2.44, which shows that respondents
disagree that full on face shield must not be a requirement. It appears that
most of the respondents agreed that the current situation is certainly not
72
safe and preventive measures and protocol provided should be followed.
In relation to the study of Al Jasser et al. (2020) the effect of pandemic
situations strengthened the awareness of the people regarding CoVID-19.

73
CHAPTER 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary and conclusion conducted from
the data gathering procedures conducted by the researchers. It also
provides the recommendations relating to the findings to further explicate
the result of the study.
Summary of Findings
Based on the data gathered, the following findings are hereby
presented:
1. Based on the survey conducted, there is a higher percentage of
medical technology students who have basic knowledge and
awareness toward CoVID-19.
2. There is a significant relationship between the awareness of the
respondents towards CoVID-19 and the behavior towards the virus
in terms of following health protocols.
3. According to the data gathered, given the right knowledge and
awareness along with the behavior displayed toward CoVID-19, a big
percentage of the respondents are still scared of the pandemic.

74
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions are presented
1. There is a greater number of students who are well-aware about the
basic information for CoVID-19.
2. The behavior of the respondents is greatly affected by preference,
accessibility, procurement of basic necessities and their fear about
CoVID-19.
3. Medical technology students agree that even though cases for
CoVID-19 in the country decrease, adhering with the safety
protocols is still a must.
Recommendations
Based on the following findings and conclusions, the researchers
propose the following:
1. To assess the differences between the factors from first year to third
year students.
2. To educate medical technology students about the benefits of having
vaccination.
3. Assess the implications considered by the respondents in terms of
decision making in acquiring the vaccine.
4. To compare the behavior, awareness and perception of science and
non-science students regarding CoVID-19.

75
5. Broaden the scope of respondents particularly the frontliners and
non-health workers to determine their perspective and knowledge
towards CoVID-19.
6. To expand the respondents to the population of Centro Escolar
University.
76
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Harries, A. J., Lee, C., Jones, L., Rodriguez, R. M., Davis, J. A.,
Boysen-Osborn, M., … Juarez, M. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19
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Jasser, R. A., Sarhan, M. A., Otaibi, D. A., Oraini, S. A. (2020).
Awareness Toward COVID-19 Precautions Among Different Levels of
Dental Students in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Jha, N., Singh, N., Bajracharya, O., Manandhar, T., Devkota, P., Kafle,
S., & Shankar, P. R. (2020). Knowledge about the COVID-19
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Lalitpur, Nepal. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-41172/v2. Retrieved from
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Khasawneh, Humeidan, Alsulaiman, Bloukh, Ramadan, Al-Shatanawi, &
Kheirallah. (2020). Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge,
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83
APPENDICES
A. Letter of Request
B. Informed Consent
C. Time Table
D. Reliability Raw Data
E. Validation Sheet
F. Certificate of Validation
G. Certificate of Good Clinical Practice Training

84
Appendix A
Letter of Request for Class List of Medical Technology Department

85
Appendix B
Consent to Participate
Research Title: Assessment of the Awareness, Behavior, and Perception
Towards CoVID-19 of Medical Technology Student in Centro Escolar
University-Makati
INTRODUCTION
This research is being conducted by the students of Medical Technology
Department in Centro Escolar University – Makati. The researchers will be
assessing the awareness, behavior, and perception towards CoVID-19 of
first to third year students of the Medical Technology Department. The
participation in this study is voluntary and you will have the complete
discretion to participate or not; the survey form will only need less than
10 minutes to finish, so your time and effort would be highly appreciated
and this few minutes will assist us in completing our study.
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
This study’s purpose is to demonstrate and show how aware the students
of the Medical Technology Department in regards to CoVID-19. It will also
show the difference in behavior and perception of students toward CoVID-
19.
86
TYPE OF RESEARCH INTERVENTION
Google Forms will be utilized by the researchers in order to efficiently
collect data.
PARTICIPANT SELECTION
The participants that will be selected in the study is part of the population
that the researcher chose to be as subjects. The researchers will be using
Stratified Random Sampling Technique in choosing the five hundred ten
(510) participants for the study and must be included in the following
criteria: The participants must be: (1) At least 18 years old (2) Able to read
and understand English (3) Medical Technology Students from first year
to third year in Centro Escolar University-Makati under the School year of
2020-2021 (4) and have provided an informed consent.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
The participation in this study is voluntary. It is up to you to decide
whether or not to take part in the study. If you decide to participate, you
will be asked to sign a consent form given that you understood the risks,
benefits and procedures of the study and allowed the researchers to collect
and process the data you have given. You have the right to discontinue at
87
any time. There will be no penalty imposed for your refusal or withdrawal
to take part in the study. If you withdraw from the study before data
collection is completed, your data will be returned or nullified for ethical
purpose.
PROCEDURES
The gathering of data from participants will be conducted through an
online survey. The survey questionnaire will take approximately 10
minutes to complete. The four-part survey questionnaire will consist of
questions according to their categories: general information, level of
awareness, perception and behavior towards COVID-19
DURATION
The study is expected to be conducted from April 2021 until May 2021.
RISKS
There are no known risks to individuals participating in this study.
BENEFITS
The study is aimed towards illuminating the level of awareness, behavior
and perception of medical technology students towards Covid-19. This
study can give professors and other faculty members and even parents or
guardians a better understanding of how to handle students during such

88
time. The study may also provide data and reference for future studies that
may be of relation.
REIMBURSEMENTS
Participation in this study is free, and will not involve any form of
payments and reimbursements.
CONFIDENTIALITY
The questionnaire is an assessment of awareness, behavior and perception
towards Covid-19 along with non-sensitive information. The researchers
will act upon good faith under the data privacy act of 2012 along with the
ethical standards constituted by the Ethics Research Committee of Centro
Escolar University, keeping all information collected privately, observing
rights to privacy while ensuring the free flow of information. All data
gathered will only be available solely to the researchers only and will be
stored in a private folder on Google Drive and one (1) flash drive for at least
two (2) years.
SHARING THE RESULTS
Sharing of results won’t be necessitated in the study, but will be consulting
the owner of the results if needed. The identity of the participants is not
included in the publication of the results in the paper.
RIGHT TO REFUSE OR WITHDRAW

89
The voluntary participation of the participant is respected and they have
the right to refuse or withdraw to participate in this study.
CONTACT PERSON
If there will be any inquiries or questions about the study, you may contact
the Lead Researcher, Calvin James S. Nuque. You can reach him through
this contact information:
Contact Number: 09175260326
E-Mail: nuque1820090@mkt.ceu.edu.ph or calvin.nuque26@gmail.com
This informed consent has been approved by the CEU IERB. If any concern
arises regarding with the rights of the participants which includes
grievances, they can be contacted through ierb@ceu.edu.ph or Tel: (+63)2
8735-68-61 to 71 loc.228
90
Appendix C
Time Table
Study Parts JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
2021 2021 2021 2021 2021
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
SYNTHESIS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH PROCEDURES
91
SETTING OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
DATA GATHERING
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
IERB
92
Appendix D
Reliability Raw Data
Inter-Item Correlation Matrix

93
94
95
96
Case Processing Summary
Reliability Statistics
97
Appendix E
Validity Sheet
98
99
Appendix F
Certificate of Validation
100
101
Appendix G
Certificate of Good Clinical Practice Training

102
103
104
105
106
107
108
CURRICULUM VITAE
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

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APPROVAL SHEET

Keywords: Awareness, Behavior, Perception, CoVID-19, Medical Technology

For the accomplishment of this study, we would like to take this

opportunity to express our gratitude to our Research Adviser Mrs.

Maria Carmen S. Dizon, and to our Research Coordinator, Ms. Marielle

working to make this study.

Appreciation for Ms. Katrina D. Elizon, who gave us advice and

assistance in the preparation and generation of our data for its

analysis and interpretation that contributed essential information to

Sincerest gratitude is extended to our respondents, first year to third

year Medical Technology students from Centro Escolar University

This research is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved and

supportive parents who have been our constant source of inspiration

and gave us strength to overcome all the challenges we faced and

continually to support us financially, emotionally and morally.

We also dedicate this research to our professors who have been

mentoring us all throughout. They have given us motivation,

discipline to finish the tasks and for not giving up to help us

throughout our success for this research. Without their moral

support this research would not have been made possible.

And lastly, this research is dedicated to Almighty God, for the

guidance, strength, power of mind, protection and skills.

List of Tables …………..………………………………………………….………..viii

List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………..x

1. The Problem and Its Setting …...……………………………………….1

Background of the Study …...…………………………………….2

Conceptual Framework …….………………………………………4

Statement of the Problem …….….………………………………..5

Significance of the Study …….………….………………………...5

Scope and Delimitations ………….…………………………..……6

Definition of Terms ..……………………………..………………... 7

2. Review of Related Literature and Studies ……………………………..9

Perceived Information of Students Regarding CoVID-19 …...9

Perception of Students regarding CoVID-19 …...….........…13

Effect of CoVID-19 towards the Behavior of Students .......20

3. Method and Procedures …...…………………………………………...30

Research Methodology ………..…..………..…………………….30

Research Procedures ...…………………………..………..........30

Setting of the Study ….......................................................32

Subjects/Respondents of the Study …...............................35

Sampling Techniques …....................................................34

Research Instrument ….....................................................37

Validation of Instrument …….………..………………………....48

Statistical Treatment of Data ……………...……..……….…....49

4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data ..……….…...51

Knowledge of Students Regarding Their Gathered

Information Regarding CoVID-19 and Its Infectious Agent

The Factors Affecting The Behavior of Medical

Technology Students ………………………………….……..……54

Perception of Medical Technology Students Toward The

CoVID-19 Situation ……………………..…………………….…..69

5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations ……...............73

Summary of Findings …………..………………………………...73

A. Letter of Request ………………………………………………..84

B. Consent to Participate ………………………………………...85

C. Time Table ………………………………………………..……...90

D. Reliability Raw Data ……………………………………………92

E. Validation Sheet ………………………………………………...97

G. Certificate of Good Clinical Practice Training …………..101

Curriculum Vitae ……………………………………………………..108

1. Computation of the sample per strata ………………………………….....36

2. The Range-Value and its Corresponding Agreement Level ……..........38

3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution based of the

Respondents in Terms of Awareness Towards CoVID-19 ……......51