Basics of Excel

Pakhi Tewari MS EXCEL ASSIGNMENT
1B
MS EXCEL ASSIGNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No. Practical
1. Creating Tables in Excel
2. Formatting Table design
3. Sorting data in the Table
4. Filtering data in the Table
5. Mathematical Functions
6. Statistical Functions
7. Date and Time Functions
8. Text Functions
9. Financial Functions
10. Chart & Graphs
11. Worksheet Management
12. Pivot Table
13. Managing Scenario & Summary
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PRACTICAL - 1
CREATING TABLE IN EXCEL
1. Select the table’s data by clicking on the top left cell of the data(A1), hold shift
while clicking on the bottom right cell of the data(F6)
2. Click on the Insert Tab and then click on the table icon
CTRL+T can also be used instead

3. A pop-up Window opens, select “My table has headers” if heading is there.
RESULTANT TABLE
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PRACTICAL - 2
FORMATTING TABLE DESIGN

1. Click on Design Tab
There are various commands like: Properties, Tools, External Table Data, Table Style
Options etc.
A) Properties : The table name can be changed by using table name command
B) Table Style Options :
I. Header Row
Check the “Header Row” option to add header to the table
II. Total Row
Check the Total Row to add a row at the bottom of the table that displays the total
value of the right most columns
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III. Branded Rows
Check the Branded Rows box to colour the rows
IV. Branded Columns
Check this column to colour in alternating columns
V. First Column and Last Column
Check the First and Last column box to bold the data in them
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VI. Filtering Button
When checked, this box places a drop-down box next to each heading in a table that
allows one to change the data displayed in that column
C. Table Styles:
Select the design scheme. Click one of the coloured boxes in the “Table Styles”
section of the design toolbar to apply the colour and design the table.
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PRACTICAL - 3
SORTING OF DATA IN THE TABLE

1. Select all the data in the list
2. Click on the “Data” Tab
3. In the Sort and Filter group, click the sort button
4. A pop-up window will appear showing column, sort on, order
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ORIGINAL TABLE
I. SORTING BY ROLL NO.

i. Smallest to Largest
Resultant Table
ii. Largest to Smallest
Resultant Table
II. SORTING BY NAME
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i. A to Z
Resultant Table
ii. Z to A
Resultant Table
III.SORTING BY MARKS IN PHYSICS
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i. Smallest to Largest
Resultant Table
ii. Largest to Smallest
Resultant Table
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The above sorting can also be done by clicking on the arrows on the right side of the
heading:
The following window appears-
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PRACTICAL - 4
FILTERING OF THE DATA IN TABLE
 Create a table on excel
 Click on the filter menu, it is the “Down Arrow” button on the right side of all
headings
 Select the desired filter(s) and click OK
The Data is filtered as per the requirements
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Example: Marks of Students have been displayed out of 100.
The ones below 50 have to be Filtered out by red colour denoting- FAIL .Whereas
those above 50 are green coloured denoting- PASS
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PRACTICAL - 5
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
1) Product Function
The Product function multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the
product
Syntax: =PRODUCT (Number1, Number2,…)
Example:
Result:
2) Sum Function
The Sum Function, of the maths and trig functions, adds the values of individual cell
references or ranges or a mix of all three
Syntax: =SUM (Number1, Number2,…)
Example:
Result:
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3) Quotient Function
The Quotient Function returns the integer portion of a division
Syntax: =Quotient (numerator, denominator)
Example:
Result:
4) SQRT Function
The SQRT Function returns a positive square root
Syntax: =SQRT (number)
Example:
Result:
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PRACTICAL - 6
STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
1. Count
The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers and counts
numbers within the list of arguments,
Syntax: =COUNT (Cell1, Cell2...)
Arguments:
 Value1 (Required) The first item, cell reference, or range within which one wants
to counts to count numbers
 Value2 (Optional) Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or range within
which one wants to count numbers.
Example:
2. CountA
The COUNTA Function counts the number of cells that are not empty in a range. It
counts even if here is any text or special character in the array.
Syntax: =COUNTA (value1, [value2])
Arguments:
 Value1 (Required) The first argument representing the values that one wants to
count
 Value2(Optional) Additional arguments representing the values that one wants to
count, up to maximum of 255 arguments
Example:
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3. Count blank
The COUNTBLANK Function counts the number of empty cells in the range of cells
Syntax: =COUNTBLANK (range)
Arguments: Range (Required) The range for which one wants to count the blank
cells
Example:
4. COUNTIF
The COUNTIF Function counts the number of cells that meet a criterion. COUNTIF
can be used to count cells with dates, numbers, and texts that match a specific
criterion
Syntax: =COUNTIF (range, criteria)
Arguments:
 Range(Required) The range to evaluate
 Criteria(Required) The criteria to use on range
Example:
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5. MIN
Returns the smallest value in the set of values
Syntax: =MIN (number1, [Number2],…)
Arguments:
 Number1(Required)
 Number2-225 (Optional) 1 to 225 numbers for which one wants to find the
minimum value
Example:
6. MAX
Returns the largest value in the set of values
Syntax: =MAX (number1, [Number2],…)
Arguments:
 Number2-225 (Optional) 1 to 225 numbers for which one wants to find the
minimum value
Example:
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7. AVERAGE
Returns the average (arithmetic mean of the arguments)
Syntax: =AVERAGE (Number1, Number2)
Arguments:
 Number2-225 (Optional) Additional numbers, cell references, or ranges for which
one wants the average, up to maximum value of 225
Example:
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PRACTICAL – 7
DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
1) DATE Function
The DATE Function creates a valid date from individual year, month and day
components
Syntax: =DATE (year, month, date)
Arguments:
 Year- Number for year
 Month- Number for month
 Day- Number for day
Example:
2) TIME Function
It is a built-in function that allows to create a time with individual hour, minute and
second components.
Syntax: =TIME (hour, minute, second)
Example:
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3) TODAY and NOW Function

 TODAY Function when user displays the current date
Syntax: =TODAY ()
Shortcut: CTRL+;
Example:
 NOW Function when user displays the current date and time
Syntax: =NOW ()
Shortcut: CTRL+Shift+;
Example:
4) DAY Function
The DAY Function returns the day of the month as a number from 1 to 31 from a
given function
Syntax: =DAY (date)
Arguments: Date should be excel valid date
Example:
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5) MONTH Function
The MONTH Function extracts the month from a given date as a number between 1
to 12
Syntax: =MONTH (date)
Arguments: Date should be excel valid date
Example:
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PRACTICAL – 8
TEXT FUNCTIONS
1. Left() and Right()

The LEFT Function is used to extract the leftmost characters from a string
Syntax: =LEFT (text,num_char)
Example:
Similarly, the RIGHT Function is used to extract the rightmost characters from a
string
Syntax: =RIGHT (text, num_char)
Example:
2. Len()
Len Function in excel helps to know the length of string i.e. the number of characters
in a string
Syntax: =LEN (text)
Note: Spaces are included while calculating length
Example:
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3. Mid()
Mid Function in excel is used to extract characters from the middle of a string
Syntax: =MID (text, start_char, Num_char)
Example:
4. Find()
Find Function in excel is used to know the position of certain characters in a
particular string
Syntax: =MID (find_text, within_text, [start_num])
Example:
5. Proper()
Proper Function in excel capitalizes each word in the string that is, it converts the case
into proper case.
Syntax: =PROPER (text)
Example:
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6. Rept()
Rept Function in excel is used when a certain text is to be repeated certain number of
times
Syntax: =REPT (text, number times)
Example:
7. Trim()
Trim Function in excel removes the unnecessary spaces from a particular text
Syntax: =TRIM (text)\
Example:
8. Upper()
Upper Function in excel converts the text into uppercase from lower case
Syntax: =UPPER (text)
Example:
9. Substitute()
Substitute Function in excel helps to replace existing text with a new text in a
particular string
Syntax: =SUBSTITUTE (text, old text, new text, instance number)
Example:
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10. Concatenate()
Concatenate Function in excel helps to join the text of two or more cells
Syntax: =CONCATENATE (text1, text2...)
Example:
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PRACTICAL – 9
FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
1) Future Value (FV)
Syntax: =FV (Rate, Nper,[ Pmt],PV,[Type])
 Rate= Interest rate/period
 Nper= Number of periods
 Pmt = Payment
 PV = Present Value
 Type = When the payment is made
Example:
Question- If a person invested Rs.2000 in 2014 and the payment has been made
yearly with the interest rate of 20% p.a., the future value in 2019 will be?
Answer-
2) FVSCHEDULE
This Financial Function is used to calculate the future value with variable interest
rates.
Syntax: =FVSCHEDULE (Principal, Schedule)
 Principal- Present value of a particular investment
 Schedule- A series of interest rate put together
Example:
Question- If a person invested Rs.200000 in 2014 and it is expected that the rate
of interest will change every year (in 2015,2016,2017,2018 and 2019), the rate of
interest would be 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% respectively. Find the future value.
Answer-
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3) Present Value (PV)

Syntax: =PV (Rate, Nper,[ Pmt],PV,[Type])
 Nper= Number of periods
 Pmt = Payment
 FV = Future Value
Example:
Question- The future value of an investment is Rs 5000. The payment has been
made yearly. The rate of interest is 20% p.a. What will be the present value in
2027?
Answer-
4) Net Present Value (NPV)

It is the sum total of positive and negative cash flows over the year.
Syntax: =NPV (Rate,[Value1], [Value2], [Value3],…)
 Rate- Discount Rate for the period
 Value1, [Value2], [Value3],… Positive or Negative cash flows
 Here, Negative values would be considered as payments and positive would be
considered as inflows
Example:
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5) Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

IRR is used to understand whether any new project or investment is profitable or not.
If IRR is more than the hurdle rate, then it is profitable for the company and vice-
versa.
Syntax: =IRR (Value,[Guess]…)
 Values: Positive or Negative cash flows
 [Guess]: An assumption of what IRR should be
Example
6) NPER
NPER is the number of years required to pay off a loan
Syntax: =NPER (Rate, Pmt, PV,[FV],[Type])
 Pmt = Payment
 PV = Present Value
 FV= Future Value
Example:
Question- Rs.200is paid per year for a loan of Rs.1000. Interest rate is 10% p.a
and the payment needs to be done yearly. Find the NPER.
Answer-
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7) RATE
Through RATE Function, the interest rate needed to pay off the loan in full for a
given period can be calculated.
Syntax: =RATE (NPER, PMT, PV,[FV],[Type],[Guess])
Example:
Question- Rs.200is paid per year for a loan of Rs.1000 for 6 years and the
payment needs to be done yearly. Find the RATE.
Answer-
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PRACTICAL – 10
CHARTS AND GRAPHS
To make a graph/chart:
1. Select the data to include the chart
2. Select the suitable category of chart/graph from Insert Tab
TYPES OF CHARTS
The following data has been used to show the different types of Graphs:
1. COLUMN GRAPHS
Types of Column Graphs

1.1 Clustered Column
1.2 Stacked Column
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1.3 100% Stacked Column
1.4 3D Clustered Column
0
1.5 3D Stacked Column
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1.6 3D 100% Stacked Column
1.7 3D Column
1.8 Clustered Cylinders

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1.9 Stacked Cylinders
1.10 3D Cylinders
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1.11 Clustered Cones
1.12 Stacked Cone
1.13 3D Cone
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1.14 3D Pyramid
2. LINE GRAPHS
Types of Line Graphs

2.1 Stacked Line Graphs
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2.2 Line with Markers
2.3 Stacked Lines with Markers
2.4 3D Lines
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3. PIE CHART
Types of Pie Charts

3.1 Pie Chart
3.2 Pie in 3D
3.3 Pie in Pie
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3.4 Exploded Pie
3.5 Exploded Pie in 3D
3.6 Bar of Pie
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4. BAR GRAPHS
Types of Bar Graphs

4.1 Clustered Bar
4.2 Stacked Bar
4.3 3D Clustered Bar
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4.4 3D Stacked Bar
4.5 Clustered Horizontal Cylinder
4.6 Stacked Horizontal Cylinder
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4.7 Clustered Horizontal Cone
4.8 Stacked Horizontal Cone
4.9 Clustered Horizontal Pyramid
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4.10 Stacked Horizontal Pyramid
5. XY SCATTER GRAPHS
Types of XY Scatter Graphs

5.1 Scatter with Markers
5.2 Scatter with Smooth Lines
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5.3 Scatter with Straight Lines
5.4 Scatter with Smooth Line and Markers
6. SURFACE CHARTS
Types of Surface Charts

7.1 3D Surface
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7.2 3D Wireframe
7.3 Contour
7.4 Wireframe Contour
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7. DOUGHNUT CHARTS
Types of Doughnut Charts

7.1 Doughnut
7.2 Exploded Doughnut
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CUSTOMIZING EXCEL CHARTS
 ADD CHART TITLE
 Change the way the chart axis’ are displayed

For most chart types, title scan be added to the horizontal and vertical
axis’ are added automatically when a chart in excel is prepared
 When creating graphs in excel, titles can be beaded to the horizontal
and vertical axis to help the user understand what the chart data is
about
 Click anywhere within the chart, then click chart elements button on
the panel and check the Axis
 Click on Axis Title box on the chart and type the text
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 Show or hide Gridlines

 Click the chart elements button and either check or uncheck the
gridlines box
 Microsoft excel determines the most appropriate guidelines type for
the chart type automatically. For example, on the bar chart, major
vertical guidelines will be added, whereas selecting the gridlines
option on a column chart will add major horizontal gridlines
 To change the gridlines type, click the arrow next to gridlines and
then choose the desired gridlines type from the list, or click more
options to choose the \desired gridlines type from the list, or click
more options to open the pane with advanced major gridlines option.
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 Adding Data Labels to Excel Charts

 Click on the data series to be labelled. To add a label to one data
point, click on the data point after selecting the series.
 Click the charts element button and select the data label option
 Moving charts in Excel

 Select the chart
 Go to design tab in the ribbon
 Click move chart button
 In the move chart dialogue box, click on new sheet, if multiple chart
sheets are to be inserted in the workbook, give some descriptive name
to the new sheet and click OK.
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 Changing chart type and style

 One chart types can e easily changed into some other chart type by
selecting the existing chart, switch to the insert tab, and choose
another chart type in the Charts Group
 Alternatively, right click anywhere within the graph and select
Change Chart Type from the context menu.
 To quickly change the style of the existing graph in excel, click the
chart styles button on the chart and scroll down to see the other style
offerings
 Or choose quickly a different style in the chart styles group on the
design tab.
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 Changing Chart Colours

To change the colour theme of the excel graph, click on the chart styles
button, switch to the colours tab and select one of the available colour
themes. The selected choice will be immediately reflected in the chart, so
one can decide whether it will look well in the new colours.
 Resizing the chart in excel

To resize the Excel graph, click on it, and drag the sizing handles to the
required size
Alternatively, enter the desired chart height and width in the shape height
and shape width boxes on the format tab, in the size group.
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PRACTICAL – 11
WORKSHEET MANAGEMENT
1. Adding a Worksheet
Click on the “New Sheet” button which appears to the immediate right of
the last worksheet
2. Removing a Worksheet
 Click on the delete button that appears on the Home Tab in cells
group
 Select “Delete Sheet”
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3. Moving between sheets

 Click on the desired worksheet on the tab at the bottom of Excel’s
grid window
 Or use the scroll button which appears to the immediate left of the
worksheet tab (efficient when there are too many sheets and do not
fit in the tab).
 Or Keyboard shortcuts can be used- Ctrl+Page Down to move to

the next sheet, Ctrl+Page up to move to a previous sheet
4. Hiding a Worksheet
 To hide a sheet, click on the “Format” Element in cells group under
Home Tab
 Click on “Hide and Unhide” under Visibility, and select “Hide
Sheet”.
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 To unhide a sheet, Click on Format option in cells section under

Home Tab.
 Click on Hide and Unhide option in drop down menu and Click on
Unhide Sheet
 Unhide Dialogue box appears. Select the desired sheet and press
OK.
5. Renaming a Worksheet
 Right click on the Sheet no. which you want to rename
 Select “Rename”, Rename the sheet and press enter
 Or Double click on the sheet’s cell and edit the name
6. Re-arranging Worksheets
Select the desired sheet and drag it, a tiny page will appear beneath the
cursor. Move the worksheet wherever required.
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PRACTICAL – 12
5)
PIVOT TABLE
To insert a Pivot Table
 Click on any cell inside the table
 Click on Insert Tab, and then Select “Pivot Table” option
 “Create Pivot Table” Dialogue box appears. Click on OK button
 The following pane will appear to the right side. Check the fields that
you wish to add to the Pivot Table. The table gets created.
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PRACTICAL – 13
1)
MANAGING SCENARIOS AND SUMMARIES

 Create a table in Excel
 Click on “What-If Analysis” in the Forecast Group under Data Tab

 Click on Scenario Manager
 The Scenario Dialogue Box will appear. Add a scenario by clicking on

the Add Box
 Add Scenario Dialogue Box will appear, in which you are supposed to
give a name to the scenario. In this example, S21 is the name given to
the first scenario, which changes cells as B2, B3 and B4 as these are
the cells in which principal, rate and time are added, and then click
OK.
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 Scenario Values Dialogue Box will appear. Fill values as per the
requirement and click OK and choose summary option.
 Scenario Summary Dialogue Box appears. Type the cell in which you
want the result. On clicking OK, output will be scenario summary
worksheet in which all the resulting values are calculated.
55

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Pakhi Tewari MS EXCEL ASSIGNMENT

CREATING TABLE IN EXCEL

CTRL+T can also be used instead

FORMATTING TABLE DESIGN

B) Table Style Options :

Check the “Header Row” option to add header to the table

II. Total Row

III. Branded Rows

Check the Branded Rows box to colour the rows

IV. Branded Columns

Check this column to colour in alternating columns

V. First Column and Last Column

VI. Filtering Button

SORTING OF DATA IN THE TABLE

2. Click on the “Data” Tab

3. In the Sort and Filter group, click the sort button

4. A pop-up window will appear showing column, sort on, order

I. SORTING BY ROLL NO.

ii. Largest to Smallest

II. SORTING BY NAME

III.SORTING BY MARKS IN PHYSICS

ii. Largest to Smallest

The following window appears-

FILTERING OF THE DATA IN TABLE

 Create a table on excel

 Select the desired filter(s) and click OK

The Data is filtered as per the requirements

Example: Marks of Students have been displayed out of 100.

DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS

3) TODAY and NOW Function

1. Left() and Right()

3) Present Value (PV)

4) Net Present Value (NPV)

5) Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Types of Column Graphs

1.2 Stacked Column

1.3 100% Stacked Column

1.4 3D Clustered Column

1.6 3D 100% Stacked Column

1.8 Clustered Cylinders

1.9 Stacked Cylinders

1.11 Clustered Cones

1.12 Stacked Cone

Types of Line Graphs

2.2 Line with Markers

2.3 Stacked Lines with Markers

Types of Pie Charts

3.3 Pie in Pie

3.4 Exploded Pie

3.5 Exploded Pie in 3D

3.6 Bar of Pie

Types of Bar Graphs

4.2 Stacked Bar

4.3 3D Clustered Bar

4.4 3D Stacked Bar

4.5 Clustered Horizontal Cylinder

4.6 Stacked Horizontal Cylinder

4.7 Clustered Horizontal Cone

4.8 Stacked Horizontal Cone

4.9 Clustered Horizontal Pyramid

4.10 Stacked Horizontal Pyramid