1

4.3.5.2 Discriminant Validity

Discriminant validity was revealed as the values of the square root of AVE on the diagonal in

Table 4.13 were greater than the inter-factor correlation values which are off-diagonal. As

presented by Fornell & Larcker (1981) a discriminant validity is evidenced when the square root

of AVE is greater than the inter-factor correlation.

4.3.5.3 Reliability

Reliability of the measure was confirmed by assessing the values of Composite Reliability (CR).

Internal consistency was revealed since all the Composite Reliability values were > 0.7. Ilyas et

al. (2017) used 0.70 value of composite reliability as a lower limit for showing the presence of

reliability. Bagozzi & Yi (1988) indicated that values form 0.60 are desirable to indicate

reliability. The results are as presented in Table 4.13.

Table 4.1: Validity and Reliability of the Model

 2

CR AVE MSV MaxR(H) AW EE TR PV SI PE GS BI FC

AW 0.900 0.751 0.575 0.905 0.867
EE 0.918 0.693 0.572 0.931 0.722 0.832
TR 0.930 0.774 0.383 0.978 0.499 0.494 0.880
PV 0.903 0.700 0.552 0.916 0.679 0.644 0.525 0.837
SI 0.930 0.818 0.346 0.959 0.548 0.588 0.309 0.420 0.904
PE 0.946 0.854 0.572 0.950 0.708 0.756 0.440 0.640 0.559 0.924
GS 0.799 0.515 0.053 0.878 -0.230 -0.185 -0.130 -0.145 -0.228 -0.211 0.718
BI 0.817 0.598 0.575 0.821 0.758 0.673 0.619 0.743 0.518 0.694 -0.216 0.774
FC 0.783 0.553 0.453 0.826 0.633 0.665 0.619 0.632 0.443 0.579 -0.173 0.673 0.744
Source: researcher (2019)