Method of inspection of water area at reconnaissance of sunken wood

G01V9 - Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups ; G01V0001000000-G01V0008000000

B65G69/20 - Auxiliary treatments, e.g. aerating, heating, humidifying, de-aerating, cooling, de-watering, or drying,
during loading or unloading; Loading or unloading in a fluid medium other than air
FIELD: static estimation of volume and quality of accumulation of sunken wood in water objects; detection (more
accurate defining) of accumulation of sinkers; determination of number and quality of separate logs.

SUBSTANCE: water area is divided into 625 squares by Latin square method. Sunken wood is inspected in 25
non-intersecting squares and results are valid for entire water area. Latin square takes outline of water area being
inspected.

EFFECT: accuracy of results.

3 dwg

The invention relates to methods of statistical estimation of the volume and quality of accumulations of wood in
water bodies and can be used as a preliminary stage of technological processes of detection and recovery of
sunken wood for the establishment of places of occurrence of accumulations of drift wood, defining the nature of
occurrence and the number of sunken wood, as well as the degree of Saitoti its load.

There is a method of evaluating the volume and quality of clusters sunken timber casements (way line of the
intersection or the method of sections), developed by the staff of the Moscow state forest University [1]. The
method of cross-sections is that the characteristic area of the water body (mainly small not navigable-float the
river), where deposited accumulations of logs, split needed to research the number of cross-sections. Logs lying
on the lines of cross-sections, are taken into account, then these logs and give assessment of the entire cluster.
Then distribute the data obtained for all the investigated water area of the water body. The surface area is
determined for the low-water period in the sailing instructions-float the river or through instrumental shooting.
Gauging the cross-sections perpendicular to the waterway or shoreline of the river and represent a small
percentage of the surveyed in the Equatoria. The number of sites is selected depending on the specific conditions
at the location, but not less than 5 and not more than 20 pieces. The distance between adjacent cross-sections
should not be less than 10-50 meters, the length of the target is the width of the river, the minimum area shall be
100 m2.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of determining the location of the logs on the main rivers and
reservoirs, the low accuracy of the quantitative and qualitative assessment (35% compared with the method of
continuous conversion of logs in the cluster).

There is a method of exploration of occurrence of sunken wood trial sites, developed by the specialists of the
Central scientific research Institute of rafting [2, 3]. This statistical method of estimating the amount of occurrence
of a snag with the systematic sampling type, it is recommended that the current instruction reclamation float rivers
[3]. The essence of the method is that it selects a certain number of trial sites to float the river, constituting a small
percentage of the area surveyed area, which determine the volume of snags and distribute these data for all the
investigated water area of the water body. The surface area is determined for the low-water period in the sailing
instructions-float the river or through instrumental shooting. Courts have the form with the other rectangle, halt
perpendicular to the entire valuation of land from one Bank to another or located along the coastline (tape test
site). The width of trial sites should be 5-10 meters, the minimum area of 100 m2and their number is set
prerequisite mathematical statistics [2, 3].

The disadvantage of this method is the increased complexity of accounting for the diversity of logs, occurring in
clusters and, respectively, the low accuracy of the quantitative and qualitative assessment, and that the site
located in the water area of the water object randomly, without any order, which is very uncomfortable at work.

Problem solved by applicants is to develop a more accurate method to estimate the volume and quality of clusters
sunken wood, applicable to any water bodies (large trunk and navigable rivers, reservoirs, lakes). Our proposed
method of exploration of occurrence of sunken wood in a water body based on the mathematical idea of a “Latin
square” [4] applying the methodology of rational planning of the experiment [5]was chosen as a prototype.

Latin square [8] is used in the planning of agricultural experiments. So, for example, to identify the joint influence
of the two factor is in, each of which can take five different values, the number of possible combinations is 5 2=25.

Developing further the Latin square method [5]proposed to find the dependence of the strength of rocks, not two,
but four factors and to plan the experiment so that in any row and in any column has not been re-combinations
(figure 1). Large combinatorial square consists of 52=25 medium squares, each of which in turn are divided into
52=25 small squares or cells (figure 2). Thus, a total of 54=625 cells on the total number of combinations of the four
influencing factors a, b, C, and the column Number average of the squares corresponds to the number of variants
of factor a (figure 1)and the line number of the average of the squares of the number of variant factor S. Of 25
possible combinations of factors and (1 each of medium squares choose only one, denoted by blackened by the
cell; and in each row and in each column should be only one such cell.

It is easy to see that for each value of one of the factors, for example for a=1, all values other factors occur equally
often. So in this case b=3, 4, 5, 2, 1, with=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and d=1, 2, 3, 5, 4.

Therefore, when determining the results for a=1 the influence of three other factors predniso and the result will
correspond to b≈3≈3, d≈ 3. In the circuit shown (figure 4), such averaging may be performed for any value of
factor a, b, C or d.

Producing such averaging for each value of the factor a, we can find the dependence of the result only of this
factor neutralising factors a, C and d.

Changing the order of averaging, we can use the same data 25 experiments to find the effect of all four primary
factors. Thus, this method of planning of experiments allows to replace the total number of combinations of
influencing factors equal to 625 variants, only 25 specially selected combinations of options and reduce the
amount of experiments 25 times.

In the patent and scientific and technical literature such methods exploration of sunken wood in the water object,
we have not identified.

The method of exploration of the patterns of occurrence of sunken wood in the Latin square method consists of
the following steps:

1) select the representative of the water body to full-scale survey, which is conducted jointly with representatives
of the float of enterprises in average for the region factors: current technology rafting; species composition made
of wood; the weighted average duration-float works; the availability of sapana, raids of priprava upper and
warehouses; the typical characteristics of the hydrological regime of the water body; the possibilities of using
aplacophorans equipment;

2) build on the pilot map area water area selected for examination of water body, a Latin square with a non-
repeating combinations of cells in all horizontal rows and vertical columns (figure 1) and the ability to take the
shape of the subject site water facility;

3) fixing the Latin square on the water object and shoreline surveying or other signs, floating on surface buoys,
floats, etc.;

4) follow-up examination by hydrocollator of water object, where the Latin square[5, 6, 7];

5) lifting of sunken wood from the water in the water area of the water body within the surveyed squares (figure 2
and 3) and inventory logs individually, taking into account the qualitative assessment, including identification:
species composition percent of total volume in two ways - deciduous and coniferous; the length and diameter of
logs; the quality of business and a wood-burning; according to the degree of Saitoti wood river sediment whole or
in part;

6) averaging and recalculation of the results of experimental studies using the methodology of rational planning of
experiments according to the method of Latin squares [5];

7) determination of correction factors: the total amount of the sunken wood; on species composition of wood KP;
quality wood CD; Saitoti river sediment KS;
8) distribution obtained correction coefficients for the whole subject to examination water object.

To test the accuracy of the method of exploration of occurrence of sunken wood in the method of the Latin square
experimental investigations were carried out in the hydraulic laboratory of the Mari state technical University on
physical models in scale 1:20.

Distribution and tracing of Latin squares was carried out on a horizontal surface hydraulic tray. When this overlay
maps (transparent paper with lines drawn on it squares) was carried out with the obligatory correction of the lateral
border of the Latin square to the sides of the tray. Within the boundaries of the squares was manufactured piece
counting the number and quality of discovered sunken wood. During the laboratory experiments were simulated:
different types of water bodies; assortment composition; the nature of the distribution of clusters of sunken timber
along the bottom of the water body [7, 9, 11]. As a result of experiments, the number of logs that participated in
the experiments ranged from 100 to 250 pieces, the length was simulated from 2.0 m to 7.0 m, and the diameter
from 0.06 m to 0.42 m and more. P is the area occupied by the waters of the simulated two sections with the
following dimensions: the first 1000× 500 m and the second 500×500 m Each experiment was repeated at least 5
times, after which the results were summed up and averaged, the distribution model of logs on the bottom of the
hydraulic tray has conducted several anonymous researchers.

On the first plot size 1000×500 m accuracy evaluation of data volume sunken wood in comparison with the
method of continuous recalculation was way sites - 74,6%, and for how Latin squares of 83.9%. The second
500×500 m by the method of sections - 66,7%, and according to the method of Latin squares - 91,9%. When
comparing these methods between them was that the difference in the accuracy of evaluation of the logs in the
first case between the two methods was 9.3 per cent, and in the second case - 25,2% in favor of the way of Latin
squares, i.e. on average, our proposed method is more exact method of cross-sections 17,3% [7, 9, 11].

The method of exploration of occurrence of clusters of sunken wood in water by the method of the Latin square is
used as follows. First is the imposition of a large square, consisting of 625 cells, pilotage map the considered area
of the water body. Then they selected 25 cells with a distinct combination of characteristics and intersections of
the parties, in one of these cells is drawn and superimposed on the pilot card selected characteristic sites in the
nogo object of the Latin square. Thus, for each of the 25 medium-Latin squares experiments are carried out only
in one corresponding to one of the blackened cell (figure 1). This reduces the required number of experiments 25
times in accordance with theoretical studies [5, 9, 10]. If necessary, imposed on pilotage map of Latin squares
take the exact configuration to be covered the area of the water body, i.e. in nature (figure 2).

SOURCES of INFORMATION

1. Karpatchev S. p. Theory and technology statistical evaluation of the volume and quality of accumulations of
wood in reservoirs: author... Prof. technology. Sciences; 05.21.01.; At MSFU. - M, 1995. -38 C.

2. Assessment methodology the quantitative and qualitative composition of the sunken wood. - L.: Clarecastle,
1989. - 35 S.

3. A statistical method of estimating the amount of occurrence of drift wood. Instruction reclamation float rivers and
album of designs rukovaditelei structures. VSN-10-87. Part 1: Instructions and application. - L.: Minlesbumprom
USSR, 1987. - 44 S.

4. Markova E.V., Lisenkov A.N. Combinatorial plans tasks multifactorial experiment. - M.: Nauka, 1979. - 345 S.

5. Protodyakonov M.M., Teder FI Method of rational planning of the experiment. - M.: Nauka, 1970. - P.8.
(prototype).
 6. Kobyakov US and other Construction hydroacoustic fish-finding equipment. - Len is ngrad: Shipbuilding, 1986. -
272 S.

7. Rozhentsov A.P. and others Using Latin squares method to determine the fields of occurrence and reserves
sunken wood. //Proceedings of the 53rd meiwes. stud. ).technology. proc. - Yoshkar-Ola: Marstu, 2001. - VIP, part
2 - P.74-77.

8. Miller, EV planning Method experimental studies with the statistical processing of the results. Abstracts, vyp. );
In here of mining Sciences of the USSR, 1960. (prototype).

9. Tarasov, N.M. Statistical evaluation of accumulations of sunken wood method of Latin squares. /Namtaru,
Aposentos, Pravasta. // Irrigation and water management. - Moscow, 2003. No. 5. - Ñ.38-40.

10. Voytko, PF Program and methodology of research of the composition of sunken wood on the waters of the
Republic of Mari El. /Pravasta, Aposento //Proceedings of Marstu 6 Dept. in VINITI-98 No. 2737 from 03.09.98,
Yoshkar - Ola, Marstu, 1998. - S-150.

11. Tarasov, N.M. detection Technology and quality assessment of the sunken wood in water objects of the
Republic of Mari El. /Namtaru, Aposentos, Ingyen, Pravasta. // Irrigation and water management. - Moscow, 2003.
No. 5. P.41-45.

The method of examination of water object in the exploration of sunken wood on a separate distinctive areas,
including the inception in them 625 squares and allocation of 25 squares disjoint between a and corresponding to
each cell with nepot rausis combination of characteristics and overlaps the sides of the pilot charts for the survey
of the sunken wood, characterized in that the splitting of water object on separate squares of cells made in
accordance with the mathematical idea of a Latin square, which includes the selection of a characteristic of a
water body for survey, construction and pilotage map area water area selected for examination of water body, a
Latin square with a non-repeating combinations of all horizontal rows and vertical columns, the consolidation of
the Latin square on the water object and the coastline, the control examination of hydrocollator of water object,
which is denoted by a Latin square, averaging and recalculation of the results of experimental studies using the
methodology of rational planning of experiments on the principle of Latin squares, determination of correction
factors, the distribution of the obtained correction coefficients for the whole subject to examination water object

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