MICROBIOLOGY

Q BANK

( UPDATED AS PER cbme Curriculum )

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Acknowledgment
The following are the students who have put together their efforts to bring out this material in good
form :

• Ashraf Ali H
• Niranjani B L
• Venkatakrishnan S
• Pugazhenthi C

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 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
ESSAY:

1. Fluorescent Microscopy

2. Structure of bacterial cell wall and antibiotics acting on it (2)

3. structure of bacterial cell wall and physical requirement of growth (2)

4. classify bacteria depends on shape, details about flagella

5. Growth requirement of bacteria describe their gaseous requirement

6. Sterilization by moist heat, autoclaving ,disinfectants (5)

7. Sterilization methods, HEPA filter, protocol to sterilize major surgical operation theatre

8. Sterilization classification, chemical and microbial agents and their mode of action (2)

9. Methods of identification of bacteria

10. Mechanism of drug resistance , Gene transfer (5)

11.Define Ideal disinfectant,properties.enumerate Various disinfectant agents and their applications.

12. Immunoflourecence

13. Viral vaccines

14. Various methods of isolation of viruses in lab

15. Immunoprophylaxis of viral disease

SHORT NOTES:

1. Louis Posteur (3)

2. Robert Koch

3. Lord lister

4. Differential staining Methods

5. Bacterial cell wall

6. Bacterial flagella (4)

7. Bacterial capsule (7)

8. Filamentous appendages of bacteria

9. Bacterial spores (3)

10. Sporicidal chemicals

11. Spore bearing bacteria

12. Endospore

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13. L forms of bacteria

14. Bacterial Growth

15. Bacterial growth curve (8)

16. Significant bacteriuria (2)

17. Dry heat sterilization (2)

18. Hot air oven (4)

19. Sterilization by chemical agents

20. Non sporing anaerobes (2)

21. Gaseous disinfectants (3)

22. Tyndallisation (4)

23. Antibiotics sensitivity test

24. Seitz filter

25. Sterilization by autoclave (4)

26. Bacterial Filters (3)

27. Sterilization by radiation (1)

28. Testing of disinfectants (2)

29. Enriched Media (2)

30. Selective Media (2)

31. Enrichment Media (2)

32. Differential Media

33. Transport Media (4)

34. Anaerobic Media

35. Anaerobic culture methods (7)

36. Fimbriae(2)

37. Plasmid (9)

38. Phenotypic Variations of bacteria

39. Mutation(3)

40. Bacterial drug resistance (3)

41. Transduction (4)

42. Transmissible drug resistance

43. Methods of transmission of Genetic Materials (2)

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44. Conjugation (5)

45. Resistance Transfer Factor

46. Difference between mutational and transferable drug resistance

47. PCR (2)

48. Bacterial virulence

49.Moist heat sterilization

50.Cytokines

51.Sources of human infections

52.Transposable genetic elements

53.Electron microcopy (2)

54.Extrachromosomal genetic elements

55.Immunoflourescence

56.Nucliec acid probes

57.Negative staining-principle and uses

58. Guinea pig uses in microbiology

59. Pigment producing bacteria

60. 4 examples of enriched media

61. Name 2 zoonotic bacterial diseases

62. 4 differences between endotoxin and exotoxin

63. Negative staining

64. Cold sterilization

65. Arthus phenomena

66. Give 2 example of transport media

67. Egg culture

68. Viral replication (2)

69. Tissue culture for viruses (4)

70. Cell culture

71. Cytopathic effects (3)

72. Slow viruses/slow viral disease of man and prions (2)

73. Antiviral agents

74. Bacteriophage

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75. Viral hemagglutinin

76. Suckling mice

77. Draw and label a bacteriophage

78. Define definitive host. Give 2 examples.

79. Define intermediate host

80. Nematodes- classification according to habitat of adult worm.

81. Stool examination- concentration methods.

82. Role of cyclops in parasitic disease

83. Examination of feces for parasitic infection

84. Chlamydospores
85. Corn Meal agar

86. Germ test tube

87. Sabourauds Medium

88. Opportunistic fungi (5)

89. Viviparous parasites

IMMUNOLOGY
ESSAY:

1. Methods of transmission of infection

2. Innate immunity

3. Active and passive immunity (2)

4. Humoral immunity (2)

5. Cells involving immunity and their functions

6. Difference between the B & T cells ,Development of T cells

7. Immunoglobulins (2)

8. Antigen antibody reactions, discuss agglutination tests with clinical examples(2)

9. Hypersensitivity reactions and Type – I and mechanism of anaphylaxis (6)

10. Autoimmunity (2)

11. Hypersensitivity reaction-type 4 and Schwartzman reaction

12. Define anaphylaxis,mediators and pathogenesis of anaphylaxis

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SHORT ANSWERS

1. Methods of transmission of infections

2. Nosocomial infections(3)

3. Carriers

4. Difference between the exotoxin and

endotoxin

5. Exotoxins

6. Innate immunity (1)

7. Active immunity (1)

8. Passive immunity

9. Adjuvants(1)

10. IgG

11. IgM(3)

12. Ig A , (Secretary IgA)(3)

13. IgE (2)

14. Lymphokines

15. B lymphocyte (3)

16. T – lymphocyte (3)

17. T cell subsets

18. Cell mediated Immunity and T-Lymphocytes(2)

19. Antigen presenting cells

20. NK cells

21. Precipitation in gel

22. Compliment fixation test

23. Heterophile antigen

24. Applications of agglutination reactions

25. Passive agglutination (3)

26. Coombs test (3)

27. Western blot technique(1)

28. ELISA

29. Applications of ELISA (2)

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30. Antibody sensitivity test

31. Fluorescent Antibody techniques (4)

32. Principles of monoclonal antibody production, Monoclonalantibodies, pricnciple, techiniques and

uses(3)

33. Complement

34. Alternative pathway of complement

35. Biological function of complement

36. Anaphylaxis

37. Antigen antibody reactions and it’s uses in

microbiology

38. Serum sickness

39. Type – II Hypersensitivity

40. Type – III Hypersensitivity (2)

41. Type – IV (delayed)Hypersensitivity (3)

42. Schwartzman’s reaction

43. P.K (Prausnitz - Kustner)Reactions (2)

44. Auto antibody formation theories

45. Autoimmunity (3)

46. Mechanism of autoimmunization

47. GVH Reaction

48. Oncofetal antigen

49. Protocols for safe blood transfusion

50. Human leukocyte antigen

51. MHC

52.Abnormal Ag

53.Immunological tolerance

54.Hemolytic disease of the new

born/erythroblastosis fetalis

55. Herd immunity

56.Tumour antigens (2)

57.Immunosurveillance

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58.Systemic autoimmunity

59.Theories of immune response

60.Agglutination reaction

61.Allograft rejection

CVS & BLOOD

Essay

● Classify streptococci, details about infective endocarditis

● Salmonella typhi-Pathogenesis,disease caused,lab diagnosis,classify enterbacteriaceae
● Causative agents of enteric fever / fever , lab diagnosis of typhoid fever (3)
● Bacteria causing prolonged fever, details about enteric fever (2)
● PUO, Organism causing PUO, detail about typhoid fever(2) pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of
acute pyogenic meningitis caused by any one of them.
● Leptospirosis, Brucellosis
● Classify arboviruses, detail about dengue virus
● HIV/AIDS
● Important microorganisms during blood transfusion, details about HIV

● Life cycle of plasmodium falciparum , marphologcial differences between the different

plasmodia

● Hemoflagellates and their morphology ? details about leishmania donovani or Kala azar
morphology, life cycle, clinical features,lab diagnosis (4)

● Important protozoal parasites of man? Details about malignantertian malaria

,complicatoions and lab diagnosis.

● Hemoparasites ? details about plasmodium falciparum (4)

● Classify sporzoa, life cycle of plasmodium falciparum, differentiate it from others, lab
diagnosis of malignant tertian malaria

● Viviparous nematodes ? life cycle, lab diagnosis of any one, prevention and control of
bancroftian filariasis

● Tissue or somatic nematodes ? details about wuchereria bancrofti (3).

Short Notes

● Enterococci
● Relapsing fever(3)
● Lab diagnosis Enteric carriers(2)
● MDR S.tyhi
● Lab Diagnosis of enteric fever
● Vi Antigen
● Widal test (3)
● Lab diagnosis leptospirosis and weils disease-lab diagnosis (3)

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● Leptospirosis
● Lyme disease(2)
● Weils disease
● Borrelia
● Rickettsiae(2)
● Epidemic typhus
● Neil mooser (tunica) Reaction
● Scrun typhus(2)
● Weil felix reaction(4)
● Q fever
● Trench fever
● PUO
● Candida Albicans / Candidiasis (5)
● Dimorphic Fungi (5)
● Coccidiomycosis
● Japanese B encephalitis (5)
● Dengue fever (5)
● Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) (2)
● Viral hemorrhagic fever (5)
● Lab diagnosis AIDS (2)
● Methods of HIV transmission
● Morphology and Antigenic structure of HIV
● Lab diagnosis and morphology of KALA AZAR (3)
● Pernicious malaria
● Exoerythrocytic cycle
● Exoerythrocytic shizogony
● Erythrocytic stage of P.vivax
● Lab diagnosis of malaria
● P.falciparum
● Black water fever
● Lab diagnosis of Malaria
● Gamatocytes of P.falciparum
● Microfilaria of W.bancrofti
● Microfilaria (9)
● Complication produced by P.falciparum.
● Filariasis- lab diagnosis
● Histoplasma capsulatum

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 GASTROINTESTINAL
Essay

● Dysentery, causative agents , details about bacillary dysentery

● Bacteria causing acute gastroenteritis, details about V.cholera, Lab diagnosis (6)
● Salmonella typhi-Pathogenesis,disease caused,lab diagnosis,classify enterbacteriaceae – non
typhoidal salmonellosis
● Organism causing diarrhoea, details about V.Cholerae

● Classify cestodes, details taenia solium , lab diagnosis of tap worm infection (3)

● Intestinal nematodes ? details about ankylostoma duodenale, lab diagnosis of hook worm
infection and enumerate parasites causing anaemia (3)

● Intestinal parasites of man ? details about enterobiasis.

● Ascaris lumbricoides- Life cycle, pathogenensis,lab diagnosis and classify nematodes (3)

Short Notes

● Clostridium Botulinum
● Clostridium difficle
● Bacterioids
● General characteristics of entero bacteriacae
● Diarrhoegenic E.coli(3)
● Traveller’s diarrhea
● Halophilic vibrio(3)
● Eltor Vibrio(5)
● Prophylaxis and Epidemiology of cholera
● Campylobacter
● ETEC
● Non agglutinating vibrios
● Difference between classical and Eltor Vibrio
● Bacillary dysentery
● Types of diarrheagenic E.Coli
● Mycotoxicosis / mycotoxins (5)
● Cryptosporidium parvum (7)
● Rota virus (3)
● Viral diarrhea (4)
● Viral gastroenteritis (2)
● Primary amoebic meningioencephalitis (6)
● Free living amoebae (4)
● Life cycle of entamoeba histolytica (2)
● Lab diagnosis intestinal amoebiasis
● Redia and cercaria.
● Larval forms of cestodes

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 ● Dwarf tap worm.
● Pathogenisis of strongyloides stercoralis
● Life cycle of A. duodenale.
● Thread Worm (pinworm)

● cyclops

● Morphology of pathogenic intestinal protozoans

● Bile stained eggs
● Life cycle of balantidium coli
● Examination of feces for parasitic infection
● Life cycle of Taenia solium
● Extra intestinal amoebiasis

● Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides.

● P.latum and its larval forms

HEPATOBILIARY
Essay

● Hepatitis
● Name the virus affecting liver. Explain hepatitis viruses . Details about hepatitis B
● Viruses causing post transfusion hepatitis , details about hepatitis B (2)
● Classify HHV, details about it (1)

● Classify cestodes, details about Echinococcus granulosus (5)

Short Notes

● Yellow fever
● 17D vaccine
● Han diagnosis of HBV
● Lab diagnosis of Hepatitis B
● Hepatitis E
● Lab diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C

● Fasciola hepatica

● Hydatid cyst (2).

● Pathogenisis and lab diagnosis of hydatid diseases

● Casoni’s test

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 SKIN SOFT TISSUE
Essay

● DNA viruses ? Details about Herpes group of viruses (2)

● Classify herpes viridae, details about herpes simplex virus (2)
● Classify herpes viruses, details about Varicella Zoster virus (2)
● Streptococci
● Biological weapons, organism used as biological weapon, details about B.anthracis
● Classify clostridia , details about clostridium tetani
● Clostridium of medical importance, details about gas gangrene
● Mycotic Mycetoma

● Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis

● Onchocerca volvulus.

● Cyclops.

● Larva migrans (5)

Short Notes

● Coagulase test
● Staph. Aureus-special characteristics
● MRSA (2)
● Staph Virulence Factor(2)
● Group D and B strep
● Toxin and enzymes of Strep Pyogenes
● Toxins of strep and virulence factors
● Non suppurative complications of strep.pyogenes (2)
● CAMP test
● Malignant pustule (5)
● Mcfadyean’s reaction
● Toxins of clostridium Welchii / perfringens
● Naglers reaction (2)
● Gas gangrene (2)
● Lab diagnosis of anaerobic infection
● Distinguish between alpha hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci
● Clostridium perfringens and toxins
● Candida albicans / candidiasis (5)
● Madura mycosis
● Mycetoma (5)
● SporothrixSchenkii/Sporotrichosis
● Rhinosporidiosis / Rhinosporidiumseeberi (4)
● Subcutaneous mycosis
● Superficial mycosis (2)
● Dermatophytes (12)
● Chromomycosis

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 ● Tinea versicolor
● MMR vaccine (3)
● Varicella Zoster (2)
● Type C Hepatitis
● Measles virus (2)

● Trichinella spiralis (2)

RESPIRATORY
Essay

● C.diptheriae , add note on it’s prophylaxis – bacterial pharyngitis

● Classify Mycobacteria , details about pulmonary tuberculosis and lab diagnosis (6)
● Bordetella pertussis-Etiology,pathogeneis and lab diagnosis
● Influenza virus-morphology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis.
● Classify herpes virus, details about EBV
● Influenzae virus – morphology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis

Short Notes

● Neufeld Quellung Reaction – Pneumococcus (3)

● Toxin and enzymes of Strep Pyogenes
● Non suppurative complications of strep.pyogenes (2)
● Lab diagnosis diphtheria (2)
● Prophylaxis of diphtheria
● Test for toxin products of Corynebacterium (2)
● Elek’s test (2)
● Diptheroids
● Satellitism (3)
● X and V factor
● Lab diagnosis of pulmonary TB (3)
● Extra pulmonary TB
● 2 liquid media to grow mycobacteria
● Mantoux test (2)
● Atypical Mycobacteria (3)
● Lab Diagnosis of mycoplasma
● RNTCP
● Photochromogens and scotochromogens
● Aspergilloma
● Mucormycosis
● Zygomycosis
● Aspergillosis
● D.B. Pnuemococcus and streptococcus viridians
● PcP Pneumocystic Pneumoniae
● Oppurtunisitic fungal infections

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 ● Rhinovirus infections
● Satellitism(3)
● X and V factors
● Lab diagnosis of pulmonary TB(3)
● Extra pulmonary TB
● Mantoux test (2)
● Atypical Mycobacteria (3)
● Lab diagnosis of mycoplasma
● Nocardia
● Distinguish between alpha hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci
● Non suppurative streptococcal disease
● Melioidosis
● Legionellosis
● Difference b/w pneumococcus and streptococcus viridians
● Aspergilloma (2)
● Difference b/w orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus
● Influenza viruses – H1N1 infection, diagnosis and prophylaxis
● Antigenic drift and shift (5)
● Hemagglutination inhibition test
● EBV (3)
● Swine flu pandemic
● Rhinovirus infections
● lung fluke ( paragonimus wetter anti)
● Pnuemocystic jerovecii

CENTRAL NERVOUS Sys

Essay

● Causes of meningitis and its pathogenicity, lab diagnosis, role of BACTEC in rapid diagnosis of
causative agents in bacterial meningitis
● Bacteria causing meningitis, details about acute pyogenic meningitis caused by any one of
them
● Organism causing meningitis, lab diagnosis of meningococcal Meningitis (2), / lab diagnosis
of cerebrospinal fever
● Viruses causing Aseptic Meningitis, details about poliomyelitis virus – Pathogenesis, lab
diagnosis, prophylaxis (3)
● Classify picorna viruses, details about polio virus (2)
● Classify arbovirus, details about Japanese Encephalitis B (5)
● Rabies (4)
● Viruses affecting CNS, details about rabies
● Classify rhabdoviruses, details about rabies virus

● Parasitic zoonotic diseases, details about toxoplasmosis

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Short Notes

● Bacterial meningitis – lab diagnosis

● Tetanus prophylaxis and lab diagnosis
● Aseptic meningitis
● Meningitis producing bacteria
● Listeria monocytogenes
● Cryptococcus Neoformens / Cryptococcosis (6)
● Lab diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis
● Polio vaccine (3)
● Prophylaxis of polio
● Rabies vaccine
● Oral polio vaccine
● Coxasackie B virus
● Coxasackie viruses
● Sabin Vaccine
● Rabies Prophylaxis (6)
● Poliomyelitis lab diagnosis

● Toxoplasma gondii or toxoplasmosis (2)

● Cysticercus cellulosae (5)

● Cysticercosis

● TB Meningitis

URINARY TRACT
Essay

● Classify Spirochetes, details about diagnosis of syphilis

● Organism causing STDs, details about syphilis (4)
● Bacteria causing UTI, details about lab diagnosis of UTI

Short Notes

● Enterococci
● Gonorrhoea – Lab diagnosis
● Gonorrhoea
● Non gonococcal urethritis (2); D/B NGU and GU
● General characteristics of entero bacteriacae
● VDRL test (2)
● Standards test for syphilis
● Lab diagnosis of secondary syphilis
● Non venereal treponemes
● Gardneralla Vaginalis(2)
● Freis Test (2)

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 ● Inculusion conjunctivitis
● TRIC agents
● UTI
● Nonspecific urethritis
● Anaerobic vaginitisUTI

● Trichomonas vaginalis (4)

● Trichomonas

Misc
Essay
● Y.pestis, lab diagnosis of plague
● Zoonosis, bacteria causing zoonotic diseases, details about leptospirosis
● Zoonotic bacterial diseases, details about brucellosis
● Bacterial zootonic disease
● Guinea pig uses in Microbiology

Short Notes

● Lab Diagnosis of plague

● Mycotic keratitis
● Viral Inclusion Bodies – CMV – Misc
● Congenital Viral infection

All the Best !

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