MỤC LỤC

NỘI DUNG TRANG

PHẦN 1. HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN (PARAGRAPH), BÀI LUẬN (ESSAY),
THƯ (LETTER) 2
I. ĐOẠN VĂN (PARAGRAPH)
1. Định nghĩa
2. Bố cục (paragraph)
3. Các dạng đoạn văn (paragraph)
II. BÀI LUẬN (ESSAY)
1. Định nghĩa
2. Phong cách viết nói chung
3. Cấu trúc 1 bài luận
4. Ví dụ
5. Cách viết từng phần
6. Cách tính điểm
7. Các yếu tố khiến học sinh mất điểm
III. VIẾT THƯ (LETTER)
1. Văn phong viết thư
2. Mục đích viết thư thường gặp và các cách diễn đạt tốt
PHẦN 2. ĐOẠN VĂN MẪU
I. Đề THPT Chuyên Ngoại ngữ - Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ học Quốc Gia Hà Nội 25
1.2008-2009: " Write a paragraph of 150 words on the following benefits of the Internet:
as a source of information, entertainment and education.”
2. 2009-2010:” Write a paragraph of 150 words starting with the following sentence: “In
my opinion, smoking should be banned in public places.”
3.2010-2011: " Write a paragraph of 150 words starting with the following sentence: “It is
believed that a man who knows how to divide his time between work and leisure enjoys
happiness”.
4. 2011-2012: “Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: Online games should be
banned. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Justify your answer?”
5. 2012-2013: “Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: Students should take a
part-time job. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Justify your answer.”
6. 2013-2014: “Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: What is a very important
skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill
and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.”
7. 2014 - 2015: “Write a paragraph of 150 words on the following statement, using
specific arguments to support your writing: “Failure is simply the opportunity to begin
again, this time more intelligently”. (Henry Ford).”
8. 2015 - 2016: “Write a pararaph of 150 words: To be admitted to university, using the
result of study during high school years is better than that of the university entrance
examination. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?”
9. 2016 - 2017: “Write a paragraph of 150 words: Do you agree or disagree with the
statement: “He who asks a question remains a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask
a question remains a fool forever”, state your opinion and give reasons and examples to
support your answer.”
II. Đề thi THPT chuyên - Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội 29
1. 2012-2013: “Write a paragraph of about 150 words about your dreams.”
2. 2013-2014: “Write a paragraph of about 120-150 words about the benefits of working
in groups.”
3. 2014-2015: “Write an opinion paragraph of 120-150 words about the benefits of taking
an online course.”
4. 2015 - 2016: Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the reasons why teenagers
should be encouraged to do household chores.”
5. 2016 - 2017:" Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the benefits of studying at a
gifted school.”
6. 2017 - 2018: "Write about the most essential skill a 21st - century learner should
acquire.”
7. 2018 - 2019: "In 120-150 words, write a paragraph to suggest ways to promote
creativity at high school.
8. 2019 - 2020: “Write a paragraph of about 140 words about the reasons why an
increasing number of cafeterias and restaurants are replacing single-use plastic items such
as plastic straws and utensils with paper ones.”
9. 2020 - 2021: “During the coronavirus crisis, many people did courageous and
meaningful deeds. Write a paragraph of about 140 words about one of the deeds that
impressed you most.
Write your paragraph on your answer sheet.”
III. Đề thi trường chuyên của Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo Hà Nội 34
1. 2008 - 2009: “Write 150 words to share your experience how to learn English with
your friends.”
2. 2009 - 2010: " Write no more than 150 words about energy waste problems around you
and suggest the solutions to save energy.”
3. 2010 - 2011: " Write no more than 150 words about secondary students’ clothes.”
4. 2011 - 2012: " Write no more than 200 words about the media you like best. Give
reasons to prove your opinion.”
IV. Một số đề khác
1. Chủ đề 1: ” Nowadays, many teenagers no longer trust their parents but they turn to
their friends for advice. What are the reasons?”
2. Chủ đề 2: “ What are the benefits of reading books?”
3. Chủ đề 3.1. “What are the consequences of modifying test scores?”
3. Chủ đề 3.2. “ What are the solutions to modifying test scores?”
4. Chủ đề 4: “Write a paragraph of 150 words about the importance of a healthy diet”
5. Chủ đề 5: “Write a paragraph of 150 words about the advantages of social network”
PHẦN 3. BÀI LUẬN MẪU 39
I. Đề thi trường chuyên cùa Sở Giáo dục & Đào tạo Hà Nội
1. 2013 - 2014: “It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.”
Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from
books. Which is more important? Why? Write about 200-250 words to improve your
opinions in this space”
2. 2014 - 2015: " The Football World Cup is taking place in Brazil now. Write a
composition of no more than 250 words to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of
football.”
3. 2015 - 2016:" In about 200-250 words, write an essay about the advantages and
disadvantages of living in the modern world.”
4. 2016 - 2017: “The ASEAN Children Festival 2016 helps children from ASEAN
countries to further understand one another. To what extent do you agree with the
statement? Give reasons for your answer.”
5. 2017 - 2018: " Some people say that poor students or students who come from rural
areas often find it difficult to have access to university education. What should be done to
solve this problem? Give reasons for your answer. You should write at least 250 words in
this space.”
6. 2018 - 2019: " Some schools offer courses on the Internet so people can study online. Is
this a positive or negative trend? Use your own reasons and arguments to write an essay
of 250 words about this topic.”
7. 2019 - 2020: “ Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing
today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and
individuals take to tackle the issue?”
8. 2020 - 2021: “Some teenagers spend more time reading books, while others prefer to
read online newspapers. The former group is likely to develop creative imaginations and
have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree? In about 250
words, use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.”
II. Đề thi THPT chuyên, Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ học Đại Quốc gia Hà Nội 46
1.2017 - 2018: " Write an essay with at least 250 words about the consequences of plastic
bags and how to solve this problem?”
2. 2018 - 2019: “Since July 1st 2017, parents must ask their children’s permission before
uploading their pictures on social networks. What is your opinion about the effectiveness
and necessity of this regulation (250 words)”
3. 2019 - 2020: “Write an essay of at least 250 words to discuss the importance of self-
studying.”
4. 2020 - 2021: “In entrance exams to high school, besides Math and Literature,
candidates are required to answer test questions about other subjects like Physics,
Chemistry, History, Geography and Civic Education. What is your opinion about this
way of testing?”
III. Một số đề khác 49
1. Chủ đề 1: ” Many people prefer to watch foreign films than locally produced films.
Why could this be? Should governments give more financial support to local film
industries?”
2. Chủ đề 2: ” Nowadays, young people admire stars though they often do not set a good
example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?”
3. Chủ đề 3: " Some people say that it is possible for a country to be both economically
successful and have a clean environment. Others disagree. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.”
4. Chủ đề 4: ” Many people believe that students in remote areas should be given bonus
points in the national graduation exam. Others believe that no one should have that
advantage. Discuss both points and give your opinion?”
5. Chủ đề 5: " Child abuse is happening everywhere. What are the consequences and
solutions to it?”
6. Chủ đề 6: " Many people think modern communication technology is having some
negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?”
7. Chủ đề 7: “In many countries, students who behave badly in class are expelled from
their schools and never allowed to return. Many consider this an effective way to educate
while others disagree. What is your opinion?”
8. Chủ đề 8: " Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of
information, there is no role for teachers to play in modern education. Do you agree or
disagree?”
9. Chủ đề 9: “Some people think that everyone has the right to have access to university
education, and that government should make it free for all students no matter what
financial background they have. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
opinion?”
10. Chủ đề 10: “Some believe that students should be taught how to compete while others
say that they should be taught to cooperate. What is your opinion?”
11. Chủ đề 11: “What are the pros and cons of teenagers’ doing a part-time job?”
12. Chủ đề 12: “In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What
problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could
be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.”
13. Chủ đề 13: " Nowadays young people spend too much of their free time in shopping
malls. Some people fear that this may have negative effects on young people and the
society they live in. What is your opinion?”
14. Chủ đề 14: “It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural
environments such as the South Pole. Do you think the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?”
15. Chủ đề 15: "Can computer replace handwritting?”
16. Chủ đề 16: “Many people say that we now live in consumer societies where money
and possessions are given too much importance, others believe that consumer culture has
played a vital role in improving our lives. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
17. Chủ đề 17: "Leaders or directors are often old people. Some
people say that young people can also be leaders, to what extent do you think this is
true?” .
18. Chủ đề 18: " Some family sent their children to foreign country for education
purpose. What is your opinion?”
19. Chủ đề 19: " Some people think that it is a waste of money for countries to host big
sporting events like the World Cup, and that the money would be better spent on other
things. However, others think that hosting large sporting events has a clear, positive
impact on a country. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.”
20. Chủ đề 20: " In the next academic year, to get admitted to a public high school, a 9th
grade student must handle not only Mathematics and Literature but also a set of subjects
which can only be revealed in March. Do you think this is a good or bad trend?”
21. Chủ đề 21: "Having a good memory is the only requirement to be successful in life.
Do you agree or disagree? Include relevant examples from your own experience and
knowledge.”
22. Chủ đề 22: "Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. Ordinary
people can get no advantage with the development of air travel. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?”
23. Chủ đề 23: ’’There is an increasing trend of antisocial behavior by individuals and in
most cases, it is blamed on the society. What needs to be done about such individuals?
Who should take care of them?”
24. Chủ đề 24: “Some people think that students should be allowed to use their mobile
phones at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an
essay of at least 250 words to illustrate your points.”
PHẦN 4 BÀI VIẾT THƯ MẪU
I. Đề thi trường Chuyên Ngoại ngữ, ĐH Quốc gia 2019 - 2020:
Write a letter of 120 words to a club manager 2020 - 2021:
Write a letter to the principal of a university to suggest a new course.
II. MỘT SỐ DẠNG BÀI KHÁC
Chủ đề 1.
You are planning to spend a weekend at a hotel with your family. Write a letter to the
hotel making the arrangements.
Chủ đề 2.
You recently subscribed to a new magazine. A representative of the magazine has asked
you to give some feedback on their magazine.
Chủ đề 3.
Write a letter of complaint to a store where you purchased a faulty new refrigerator. 68
Chủ đề 4.
Recently, you had a party at your house. There was a lot of noie late at night and you
disturbed your next door neighbor. Write a letter to your neighbor.
Chủ đề 5.
A friend from overseas recently sent you a gift in the mail. Write a letter to your friend to
thank him/her.
REFERENCES (Tài liệu tham khảo)
GLOSSARY (Từ vựng tham khảo)

75
PHẦN 1
HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN (PARAGRAPH)
BÀI LUẬN (ESSAY), THƯ (LETTER)
I. Đoạn văn (Paragraph)
1. Định nghĩa
Là một tập hợp các câu (150 từ) thành một đoạn văn(không xuống dòng) nhằm diễn tả ý tưởng xuyên suốt
cả đoạn.
2. Bố cục đoạn văn (paragraph)
Gồm ba phần chính:
- Topic sentence(s): câu chủ đề: nêu ý chính sẽ nói trong đoạn (1-2 câu có viết lại câu chủ đề sao cho giữ
nguyên ý) (paraphrase topic).
- Supporting sentences: câu hỗ trợ ý: bổ sung, giải thích cho câu chủ đề lúc đầu (4-6 câu).
- Conclusion sentence(s): câu kết tóm tắt lại một lần nữa ý chính trong đoạn (1-2 câu) (viết lại ý chính
đoạn trên). Câu kết có thể không cần viết nhưng tốt nhất là nên có.
3. Các dạng đoạn văn (paragraph)
Gồm 4 dạng chính:
- Descriptive : đoạn văn mô tả người, sự vật, nơi chốn...
- Narrative: đoạn văn kể chuyện: kể một câu chuyện (trình tự thời gian) từ lúc bắt đầu → diễn biến → kết
thúc.
- Expository: đoạn văn hướng dẫn từng bước để làm một việc gì đó.
- Persuasive: đoạn văn thuyết phục: người viết đưa ra dẫn chứng để thuyết phục người đọc tin theo luận
điểm của mình.
Dù đoạn văn có thuộc dạng nào đi chằng nữa thl bố cục vẫn không đổi. Đề thi chuyên thường tập trung
vào dạng persuasive paragraph. Do đó, định hướng của sách sẽ là về hướng dẫn viết luận theo dạng
persuasive paragraph này.
Ví dụ:
SAMPLE TOPIC. What are the skills that a 21st century learner needs nowadays?
To adapt themselves to today’s ever-changing and demanding (a) Topic sentence: nói lên chủ đề cả
world, 21 century learners need to have certain skills as follows đoạn là về “skills” cần thiết của 1 ng
st

(a). Firstly, language skills prove to be indispensable (b). Having học thế kỷ 21
a great command of a language, especially prevailing ones such (b) Supporting sentence 1: giải thích
as English, Chinese, Spanish and so on., is a key to lift any skill 1 là gì
barriers in free trade and cultural exchange (b1). Secondly, (b1) Hỗ trợ ý cho supporting
computer skills also seem vital for any learners (c) . In the era of sentence: giải thích tại sao skill 1 lại
state-of-the-art technology, when artificial intelligence is quan trọng
booming in all aspects of life, being conversant with computers (c) Supporting sentence 2: giải thích
will help save a great deal of time to do laborious and tiring skill 2 là gì
work (c1). For example, if an accountant is proficient in using (c1 + c2) Hỗ trợ ý cho supporting
Microsoft Excel, he can avoid the possibility of errors that may sentence 2: giải thích tại sao skill 2 lại
emerge from extremely complicated financial records of quan trọng
transactions of an enterprise (c2). In conclusion, both language (d) Câu kết: Tóm tắt nội dung toàn
and computer skills are believed to be pivotal to the learners of a bài là về 2 skills: language &
new millenium (d). computer

II. Bài luận (Essay)

1. Định nghĩa
Là 1 bài viết ngắn (250-300 từ) gồm nhiều đoạn văn (paragraph) ghép lại để nói về một chủ đề cụ thể.
2. Phong cách viết nói chung
Như hình minh họa ở trên, phong cách viết luận rất đa dạng. Người châu Á nói chung, người Việt Nam
nói riêng hay suy nghĩ kín kẽ, rào trước đón sau trước khi bắt đầu viết vào nội dung chính. Nhiều khi học
sinh Việt Nam cho rằng, cứ viết thật dài, kể lể dài dòng thì giám khảo sẽ cho thêm điểm. Chính lối suy
nghĩ này khiến cho bài viết của học sinh nhiều lúc rất lê thê, không đủ chỗ viết vì số trang giấy thi chuyên
Anh là giới hạn trong một mặt giấy. Trong lối văn viết luận của người Anh, bài viết cần đi thẳng tới vấn
đề, ngắn gọn, cô đọng, nêu bật được chủ đề cần viết. Việc thay đổi tư duy là điều không hề đơn giản
nhưng các tác giả hi vọng rằng, sau khi đọc xong quyển sách này, học sinh sẽ thay đổi được ít nhiều tư
duy để viết bài sao cho chuẩn mực hơn.
English Romance Judaic Asian

Straight to Detours are

the point: expected to
conciseness maintain Going in
valued interest and circles to
theme politeness avoid being
expressed perceived as
overly
assertive or
causing loss
“But that’s of face
another
story”

Câu 2-3: (thesis statement) đưa ra

câu trả lời cho câu hỏi trong đề
3. Cấu trúc 1 bài luận bài. Câu trả lời sẽ được trình bày
cụ thể hơn trong các đoạn phần
Mở bài thân bài
(Opening paragraph)
(2-3 câu) Câu 1: dẫn dắt, giới thiệu vào đề
bài (Viết lại giữ nguyên ý, không
chép lại) (PARAPHRASE)

Câu 1: (topic sentence): diễn tả ý

sẽ nói trong cả đoạn
Đoạn 1 Câu 2,3,4…(supporting sentences):trả
Thân bài lời cho ý đã nêu trong câu 1 bằng các
(Body paragraph) lập luận, dẫn chứng.
(2-3 đoạn)
Câu 1: (topic sentence): diễn tả ý
Đoạn 2 sẽ nói trong cả đoạn.

Câu 2,3,4…(supporting sentence): trả

Kết luận lời cho ý đã nêu trong câu 1 bằng các
(Conclussion paragraph) lập luận, dẫn chứng.
(2-4 câu)
4. Ví dụ Tóm tắt lại ý chính đã nêu ở phần trên
TOPIC: “The only way to improve safety of our roads is to give much stricter punishments on driving
offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
MỞ 1 đoạn Câu 1: giới thiệu chủ điểm của bài: In discussion of road safety today, many
BÀI duy nhất phạt nặng vì an toàn giao thông believe a crackdown on traffic violations is
(2-3 câu) the key to achieving this end. Personally,
Câu 2: đưa ra trả lời cho câu hỏi đề although I strongly support a zero-tolerance
bài approach, there are effective alternatives
that need considering.
THÂN ĐOẠN 1 Câu 1: topic sentence: đưa ra ý On the one hand, immediate and
BÀI chính sẽ phân tích trong đoạn: xử uncompromising sentences are deterrents to
phạt mạnh là cần thiết potential law breakers.
Các câu sau: supporting sentences: In fact, the power of harsh punishments on
trả lời cho luận điểm ở đầu đoạn: driving infractions lies in the punitive
Tại sao lại cần thiết phải xử phạt? nature through which delinquents will be
Minh chứng cho sự hiệu quả của wary of the consequences of their offenses.
biện pháp xử phạt là ở đâu? Kèm Illustrations of this can be seen in big cities,
thêm minh chứng cụ thể thì bài sinh namely New York, Coventry or Melbourne
động hơn. in the late twentieth century. The number of
alcohol-related accidents recorded in these
cities have fallen remarkably since the
enforcement of immediate arrest on drunk
drivers. From this perspective, stringent
penalties can irrefutably address road
offences.

TOPIC: “The only way to improve safety of our roads is to give much stricter punishments on driving
offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
ĐOẠN 2 Câu 1: topic sentence: đưa ra ý chính được nhắc đến However. I would argue
trong cả đoạn này: có nhiều biện pháp hiệu quả khác để that other effective
xử lí vi phạm giao thông. options to tackle traffic
violations are available.
Các câu sau: supporting sentences: trả lời cho topic One method would be to
sentence: Các biện pháp đó là gì? Vì sao chúng hiệu improve the
quả? infrastructure in order to
accommodate
appropriate traffic
mobility. It is advisable
for the government to,
for example, introduce
more parking lots in the
inner cities, which can
clearly curb illegal
parking. Another
compelling measure is
the integration of
programs guiding young
road users towards
desired behaviours in
the national curriculum.
Through this,
 commuters will
presumably be more
well-informed of traffic
laws and thereby refrain
themselves from
committing moving
violations.
KẾT 1 ĐOẠN Khẳng định lại ý chính đã nói ở trên: Ngoài biện pháp In conclusion. I can
LUẬN xử phạt nặng ra thì còn biện pháp khác nữa. clearly see reasons why
harsh regulations should
be embraced alongside
with other subsidiary
schemes to handle
traffic offences and
simultaneously promote
road safety. Practical
combination of all will
undoubtedly yield
phenomenal results.

5. Cách viết từng phần

5.1. Mở bài
Câu 1: đưa ra thông tin chung bằng 2 cách:
Cách 1: Viết lại câu giữ nguyên ý (paraphrase topic)
Ví dụ: đề ra có câu
“Some people think that increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and
pollution problems.”
thì ta có thể viết đoạn văn bằng các cấu trúc sau như sau:
a/Dùng cấu trúc chủ động - bị động:
-> “It is thought that the price of petrol should be increased to solve growing traffic and pollution
problem.”
b/Đổi dạng từ:
increasing (Gerund) -> increase (N)
solve (V) -> solution (N)
"Some people think that an increase in the price of petrol is the best solution to growing traffic and
pollution problems”.
c/ Sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “It"
-> "It is important to increase the price of petrol to solve growing traffic and pollution problem”.
d/ Dùng từ đồng nghĩa:
-> "Some people think that a rise in the petrol price is the answer to heavy traffic and pollution problems”.
Cách 2: gián tiếp đưa topic thành ý của người khác
Ví dụ:
“Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports
facilities, others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures
are required.”
-> “People have differing views about the best way to improve public health.” hoặc
“Experts are sharply divided on the discussion of the best way to improve public health”
Câu 2-3: giới thiệu ý chính sẽ phát triển trong bài.
“This essay will discuss in details the advantages and disadvantages of home schooling in today’s world.”
Vậy là bài viết sẽ tập trung phát triển 2 ý chính: “advantages” và “disadvantages” trong thân bài đoạn 1 và
đoạn 2. Người viết có thể thêm 1 số cụm từ thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân như: “In my opinion”, “In my
(point of) view”... Nếu đề bài có hỏi về “you”, ví dụ “to what extent do you agree with this statement?”
thì có thể dùng “I” trong bài viết, còn nếu không thì có thể giữ giọng văn trung lập, tránh dùng “I”.
Một số cách thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân cơ bản:
I (strongly/firmly) think/ believe that... In my opinion,
As far as I am concerned, In my (point of) view/ In my viewpoint,
Lưu ý: nếu đã dùng "think/ believe” rồi thì không có “in my opinion” nữa
5.2. Thân bài
Người viết nên dừng ở 2 đoạn văn để tập trung diễn đạt ý ngắn gọn, cô đọng. Nếu sang đoạn thứ 3 thì ý có
thể bị lan man lạc đề, thừa nhiều từ so với yêu cầu đề bài. Tất nhiên, vẫn có người viết nhiều ý nên họ
chọn kết cấu 3 đoạn trong thân bài. Phương án này vẫn sẽ hiệu quả nếu mỗi đoạn đều có ý chính rõ ràng,
hỗ trợ lẫn nhau bằng dẫn chứng mạch lạc, đầy đủ và các câu trong đoạn có sự gắn kết logic với nhau.
Người viết cũng cần cân nhắc số từ mà đề bài yêu cầu để tùy chỉnh số lượng đoạn và ý cho bài viết. Dù
lựa chọn bố cục là 2 hay 3 đoạn trong phần thân bài, theo sơ đồ ở trên đã chỉ rõ, mỗi đoạn văn trong thân
bài (body paragraphs) cần tuân theo cấu trúc:
Câu 1: (topic sentence): diễn tả ý sẽ nói trong cả đoạn.
Câu 2-hết: (supporting sentences): giải thích cho câu chủ đề qua các dẫn chứng, lập luận, ví dụ...
Topic sentence: I believe there are three main points in support of
Người viết cho rằng có 3 điều là cần thiết để duy trì military obligation.
nghĩa vụ quân sự bắt buộc.
Supporting sentence 1: Firstly, all countries need a military force defending
lợi ích 1: đóng góp cho đất nước the citizens in times of war and hence all residents
should make some contribution.
Supporting sentences 2: The second reason is more of a primary
lợi ích 2: có ích cho hệ thống phòng thủ của đất determinant to many countries. If a country is
nước. unable to attract sufficient volunteers to the military
service, it can hardly operate as superior defence.
Supporting sentences 3: The third explanation often hailed by older
lợi ích 3: dạy người trẻ về tính kỉ luật, trách nhiệm. generation in a society is that military service is an
effective discipline for young people. Not only does
it teach them practical and; social skills but also
encourages them to take responsibility for
themselves and others. A society with compulsory
military service will therefore enjoy enhanced
security.

Thay vì việc dùng “the second reason” hay “the third explanation” thì người viết có thể dùng “Secondly",
“Thirdly” cũng là 1 cách hay để chỉ ra các ý liên tiếp nhau. Quan trọng là, các ý diễn đạt cần có liên từ
thích hợp để khiến câu văn mạch lạc nhuần nhuyễn hơn. Một số liên từ có thể dùng trong thân bài như
sau:
Bổ sung thêm ý Ý đối nghịch Thứ tự lần lượt Nguyên nhân và Minh họa
theo thời gian hệ quả
And But Next Because For example
Moreover However/ Then As For instance
Furthermore Nevertheless First(ly)/ Since Such as
Besides Whereas Second(ly)... .For As revealed by
Also Although/ First of all So In the case of
As well as (Even) though To start/ begin with Thus Accordingly
Let alone in spite of/ despite/ In the first place Hence In particular
Similarly albeit/ First and foremost Consequently Particularly
Like Notwithstanding For one thing Subsequently To be more
Too In stead of/ in For that reason specific
In addition lieu of In turn
Even Except
By the way Alternatively Last but not least As a result Specifically
Likewise Unless Lastly In other words
Additionally Otherwise/ Finally/ Eventually That is to say
Meanwhile
While
Unlike
On the other hand/
On the contrary
Contrary to...
Yet
Even so

5.3. Kết luận

Người viết chỉ cần dùng 1-2 câu nhắc lại câu trả lời cho câu hỏi của đề bài (viết lại câu giữ nguyên ý lần
nữa). Không đưa các thông tin mà đề bài không yêu cầu. Điều này lại trái với tư duy viết văn của học sinh
Việt Nam là đã viết thì cứ phải mở rộng ý ra hết sức có thể. Đoạn kết trong lối hành văn kiểu Anh cần
được dùng để chốt lại ý nhằm tổng kết những gì đã viết ở trên.
Ví dụ:
Đề bài “What are the causes and effects of noise pollution in metropolitan cities?”
Kết bài chỉ cần nêu những ý đã nói ở trên theo yêu cầu của đề bài rằng:
“In summary, several underlying reasons (such as....) and consequences of noise pollution (like...) in
metropolis have been mentioned in this essay" ("cause” đổi thành ‘’reasons”, “effects” đổi thành
"consequences”) LÀ ĐỦ. Người viết có thể chỉ viết lại ngắn gọn lại câu 2 phần mở bài - thesis statement
hoặc bổ sung thêm các ý đã liệt kê trong đoạn thân bài cũng được. Không cần mở rộng thêm những câu
như “Solutions need to be implemented to handle noise pollution" vì đề bài chỉ yêu cầu nguyên nhân và
hậu quả của ô nhiễm âm thanh chứ không đòi hỏi giải pháp gì đưa ra từ người viết.
Một số cách viết mở đầu cho kết luận:
In summary To summarize In conclusion To conclude

Một số cách khác như "’In a nutshell’/ “To recap” chưa đủ trang trọng nên hạn chế dùng.
6. Cách tính điểm
Nhìn chung, ở mỗi kì thi hàng năm, tiêu chí chấm, biểu điểm từng thành phần lại có những sự thay đổi
nhất định. Tuy nhiên, tựu chung lại, bốn tiêu chí lớn để đánh giá một bài viết là như sau:
Đáp ứng yêu cầu (Task response): Người chấm muốn xem liệu câu trả lời cho câu hỏi đề bài có trong
phần mở bài, có đủ ỷ tưởng phù hợp để minh họa, dẫn chứng, ví dụ cụ thể...hay không? Chiều dài của cả
bài có phù hợp hay không?
Ngôn ngữ sử dụng (Lexical resource): Chấm xem dùng từ vựng có linh hoạt, chính xác, đa dạng để phát
triển câu hay không -> nên dùng từ mang tính học thuật chứ không phải văn nói, nên viết câu phức, câu
ghép khoảng hai dòng, tối đa là sang dòng thứ ba nhưng phải cẩn thận vì có thể gây lủng cùng, không xác
định được vế chính, phụ....
Tính chặt chẽ và mạch lạc (Coherence & cohesion): Chấm xem bài viết có logic hay không? Có trả lời
đầy đủ câu hỏi đề đưa ra hay không? Có chặt chẽ hay bị lan man, đưa ra ý tưởng không phù hợp hay
không?
Ngữ pháp (Grammatical Accuracy): Chấm xem liệu người viết có dùng đúng ngữ pháp, từ vựng ở ngữ
cảnh đưa ra trong bài hay không
7. Các yếu tố khiến học sinh mất điểm
7.1. Từ vựng
7.1.1. Từ vựng không mang tính học thuật
Người viết cần tránh sử dụng các từ “really”; “very”; “a lot”, “so”, “of course” vì đây là những từ không
mang tính học thuật, thường được sử dụng trong văn nói nhiều hơn. Vì thế, ta cần tìm những từ hoặc cách
diễn đạt tương đương.
Ví dụ:
Many students think that the university entrance exam is very difficult, (có “very”' -> tránh)
Many students think that the university entrance exam is challenging (nên dùng)
- Với “really”; “very” chúng ta có thể sử dụng “definitely/extremely/absolutely” Ngoài ra ta có thể dùng
tính từ khác thay cho “very” như sau:
1 SỐ CỤM TỪ THAY THẾ
Tránh dùng “very” thì hãy dùng Tránh dùng “very” thì hãy dùng
afraid terrified/ fearful neat immaculate
angry furious noisy deafening
bad awful old ancient
beautiful gorgeous/exquisite perfect flawless
big massive/immense powerful compelling
bright luminous/dazzling poor destitute
busy swamped quiet silent
capable accomplished risky perilous
cheap stingy roomy spacious
clean spotless old ancient
clever brilliant rich wealthy/ affluent
clear obvious rude vulgar
cold freezing serious solemn
colorful vibrant shy timid
confused perplexed small tiny
conventional conservative soft downy
dirty filthy/squalid special exceptional
dry arid/parched sure certain
easy effortless strong unyielding
exciting exhilirating stupid idiotic
expensive costly/exorbitant tasty delicious
fat obese thin gaunt
fast quick talented gifted
fierce ferocious tall towering
funny hilarious thirsty parched
good superb/ terrific tired exhausted
happy elated/jubilant/ec- static ugly hideous
heavy leaden unhappy miserable
high soaring valuable precious
hot sweltering/scalding upset distressed
hungry ravenous/ starving weak feeble/ frail
important crucial/ essential/ vital wet soaked
interesting captivating willing eager
large colossal wicked villainous
lively vivacious wide expansive
long lengthy/extensive wise sagacious
loved adored worried distressed/anxious

- Với “a lot” chúng ta có thể sử dụng:

much/ a great amount of (trước danh từ không đếm được) hoặc
many/ a great number of (trước danh từ đếm được).
Đây là những cách tương đối phổ thông, dễ dùng. Ngoài ra, một số cách khác để diễn tả số nhiều sẽ được
đề cập đến trong các bài luận mẫu trong chương sau.
- Với “so” (vì vậy, vì thế), chúng ta có thể sử dụng “hence / therefore/ thus” để thay thế.
- Với “of course” (rõ ràng là), để khẳng định sự chắc chắn về quan điểm, chúng ta có thể thay bằng:
it is true that... it is undeniable that...
it is apparent that... it cannot be denied that...
it is evident that... it is irrefutable that...
it goes without saying that... it is an undisputed/undoubted fact that...
it cannot be denied that...
7.1.2. Từ vựng quá khó nhưng dùng sai hoặc sắp xếp trật tự từ sai (collocation)
Nhiều khi, để gây ấn tượng với người chấm, thí sinh có nỗ lực học từ vựng có tính học thuật cao để áp
dụng trong bài viết. Đây là một con dao hai lưỡi vì: nếu dùng đúng dạng trong văn cảnh thích hợp thì sẽ
gây được hiệu ứng tích cực lên người chấm; nếu dùng sai thì người chấm sẽ trừ điểm nặng vì khiến câu
văn trở nên khó hiểu. Ngoài ra, từ vựng mang nặng tính học thuật cũng cần ăn khớp với nội dung toàn bài.
Mục đích chính vẫn là tạo ra một bài viết mạch lạc, ý tứ đầy đủ, thuyết phục chứ không chỉ là sự phô
trương về ngôn từ. Thêm vào đó, dùng sai collocation (trật tự từ) sẽ khiến bài viết trở nên khó hiểu với
giám khảo là người bản ngữ.
Ví dụ:
This essay will solve the issue of unemployment to maintain sustainable development of a country.
“Solve the problem” thì đúng còn “issue” thì phải là “resolve the issue”.
7.1.3. Dùng từ tuyệt đối (extreme words)
“Extreme words” là các từ mang tính tuyệt đối, chẳng hạn như “all/every...”. Nếu dùng các từ này, bài
viết sẽ bị coi là không khách quan, chẳng hạn khi viết về vai trò của việc đọc sách, có bạn viết rằng:
“Everyone knows that reading books is necessary”.
Từ “Everyone” trong câu trên bị coi là không khách quan vì không chắc tất cả mọi người, tính cả giám
khảo, đều nghĩ như người viết. Tóm lại, khi viết bài, người viết có thể thấy có một điều gì đó rất đúng mà
có lẽ ai cũng nghĩ như vậy, tuy nhiên, không nên tuyệt đối hóa cách nghĩ của mình bằng các “extreme
words” như trên. Người viết có thể vẫn nhấn mạnh được điều mình muốn nói bằng cách thêm vào trước
các “extreme words” kia một số từ mang tính giảm nhẹ, chẳng hạn như:
- It seems/is likely/ that everyone knows that reading books is necessary. (dường như)
- Seemingly everyone knows that reading books is necessary. (có vẻ như)
-Almost / nearly everyone knows that reading books is necessary. (Hầu hết/ gần như tất cả)
7.2. Ngữ pháp
7.2.1. Dùng phân từ không phù hợp (Dangling participles)
Trường hợp này thường xảy ra ở những câu rút gọn. Nếu 2 vế có chung chủ ngữ, người viết có thể rút gọn
thành V-ing (dạng chủ động) hoặc Past Participle (dạng bị động). Lỗi sai xảy ra khi vế trước và vế sau lại
chỉ 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau.
Sai: Going out of the room, his friends came in.
Câu gốc là “When he went out of the room, his friends came in” thì “he” và “his friends” chỉ hai chủ ngữ
khác nhau.
Sai: Deprived of their rights, the uprising occurred on an escalating level.
Câu gốc là “As the farmers were deprived of their rights, the uprising occurred on an escalating level.”
"Farmers” là chủ ngữ vế 1 khác với chủ ngữ vế 2 là "uprising” nên không thể dùng chung được.
7.2.2. Câu bị đứt đoạn (Sentence Fragment)
Câu bị đứt đoạn, không hoàn chỉnh là một lỗi thường gặp khi khả năng viết của người viết còn hạn chế.
Theo định nghĩa về câu trong tiếng Anh học thuật, chủ ngữ và động từ là không thể thiếu. Tuy nhiên,
nhiều người viết đã thiếu các yếu tố cơ bản cấu thành nên câu đôi khi chỉ có mệnh đề phụ thuộc mà không
có mệnh đề độc lập khiến câu mất đi nghĩa.
Ví dụ 1:
Sai: Working very hard on weekdays. (Thiếu động từ, "working very hard on weekdays’ là cụm danh từ
đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ).
Đúng: Working on weekdays is hard. ("Working" đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ, “is” là động từ "to be”)
Ví dụ 2:
Sai: As some students are distracted by mobile games when studying at home (mệnh đề sau “As” - “Bởi
vì” là mệnh đề phụ thuộc vì chỉ lý do, do đó cần có 1 mệnh đề độc lập chỉ kết quả đằng sau thì mới đúng
trong văn viết)
Đúng: As some students are distracted by playing mobile games when studying at home, their academic
performance at school may be poor. (“Their academic performance....”là mệnh đề độc lập chỉ kết quả của
mệnh đề phụ thuộc “As”-“bởi vì”)
7.2.3. Câu quá dài (Run-on sentence)
Đây là lỗi khi người viết dùng một loạt mệnh đề độc lập nhưng lại thiếu liên từ hoặc dấu câu không hợp
lí. Dấu chấm phẩy có thể được dùng để ghép mệnh đề độc lập.
Sai: Playing football is a great way to stay in shape, it requires its players to consume a huge amount of
energy.
Ví dụ 1:
Đúng: Playing football is a great way to stay in shape because it requires its players to consume a huge
amount of energy.
hoặc
Playing football is a great way to stay in shape; it requires its players to consume a huge amount of
energy.
Ví dụ 2:
Sai: He is good at listening skills, however, his speaking skills are relatively bad.
Đúng: He is good at listening skills; however, his speaking skills are relatively bad.
7.2.4. Câu cụt (A choppy sentence)
Câu không hẳn là sai sót về mặt ngữ pháp, thậm chí là đúng, vấn đề là, khi người chấm đọc một loạt
những câu đơn quá ngắn gọn, người viết sẽ bị trừ điểm do bị coi là nghèo nàn trong cách thể hiện. Thay
vào đó, ta nên dùng những câu ghép, câu phức gồm nhiều thành phần: mệnh đề quan hệ, cụm danh từ...để
câu theo chuẩn văn phong viết học thuật hơn.
Ví dụ: Không nên: In today’s world, there is a boom of entertainment. One of the most popular form of it
is online games. It is considered a kind of social malady. This needs proscribing forthwith.
Nên: In today’s world, there is a boom of entertainment, one of the most popular form of which is online
games, considered a kind of social malady that needs proscribing forthwith. (Người viết đã dùng 1 loạt
mệnh đề quan hệ nối những câu có chung thành phần thành một.)
7.2.5. Câu lộn xộn (sprawl sentence)
Trái ngược hoàn toàn với lỗi choppy sentence bên trên, đây là lỗi xảy ra khi người viết ôm đồm quá nhiều
mệnh đề độc lập ghép vào một câu, lạm dụng quá nhiều liên từ, từ nối khiến người đọc bị loạn, không rõ
đâu là mệnh đề chính / phụ nữa. Một nguyên nhân nữa khiến cho câu khó hiểu là vì kết cấu câu rời rạc khi
quá nhiều câu được dùng mà ngữ pháp không chặt chẽ. Do đó, người viết nên tách thành vài câu ngắn hơn
nhưng đừng quá ngắn kẻo dính lỗi “choppy sentence” ở trên.
Không nên:
In case we go on holiday during Tet, we ought to set up appropriate plans at least a month in advance, so
in order to do this, we should write down a to-do list as soon as possible, which is quite important in any
trip, so as not to miss anything.
Nên:
In case we go on holiday during Tet, we ought to set up appropriate plans at least a month in advance. In
order to do this, we should write down a to-do list as soon as possible so as not to miss anything, which is
quite important in any trip.
7.2.6. Cấu trúc câu không ngang hàng (Non-parallel structures)
Đây là lỗi cũng rắt phổ biến khi viết tiếng Anh học thuật. Trong tư duy người Việt, sau những từ như “và”
“nhưng” “hoặc”...thì chỉ cần đủ ý là được. Trong tiếng Anh, từ trước và sau những từ trên “and” “but"
“or”phải cùng tuân theo một quy luật về ngữ pháp và cấu trúc. Giả sử, trước “and” là danh từ thì sau
“and” cũng phải là danh từ.
Sai: I suggest having a medical check-up at least twice a year and avoid smoking at all costs.
Đúng: I suggest having a medical check-up at least twice a year and avoiding smoking at all costs.
(trước “and” thì có “having” vì thế sau đó cũng cần có thêm động từ V-ing đóng vai trò tương đương như
vế trước)
7.2.7. Những lỗi sai ngữ pháp khác
Sai thì động từ, dùng sai giới từ, cấu trúc câu...là những lỗi người viết có thể mắc. Điều này cần người
viết phải ôn luyện thật chắc từng chuyên đề ngữ pháp trước khi viết bài.
Bên cạnh đó, dùng sai quy tắc hòa hợp chủ vị là lỗi tương đối hay gặp khi người viết quên hoặc không xác
định được lúc nào cần dùng số ít/nhiều hoặc chủ ngữ 1 hoặc chủ ngữ 2. Sau đây là một số quy tắc hòa hợp
chủ ngữ - vị ngữ cơ bản:
- Nếu các chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “and” chỉ 2 đối tượng riêng biệt thì động từ được chia ở số nhiều.
Ví dụ: Tim and Tom are good friends, (chỉ 2 người bạn riêng biệt)
Nếu các chủ ngữ nối nhau bằng “and” và diễn tả cùng một ý tưởng thì động từ được chia ở số ít.
Ví dụ: Bread and paste is my favorite breakfast. (chỉ 1 món là bánh mì pate)
- Nếu các chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “or”, “nor”, “neither.... nor”, “either ...or”, “not only ...but also” thì
động từ chia theo chủ ngữ gần nhất.
Ví dụ:
Neither Mary nor her friends are here.
Neither her friends nor Mary is here.
- “Every, each” đi kèm với danh từ số ít, thì động từ chia ở số ít. Các chủ ngữ có “every, each” nối với
nhau bằng “and” thì động từ cũng chia ở số ít.
Ví dụ: Each boy and each girl has different opinions.
+ Many + a + danh từ số ít được coi như “Every, each”
Ví dụ: Many a student loves playing football.
- Chủ ngữ, các danh từ được nối với nhau bởi “as well as”, “no less than”, “together with”, “along with” ,
“accompanied by” thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ thứ nhất.
Ví dụ:
Mr. John, together with his students, is tired.
His students, together with Mr.John, are tired.
- None of, One of, Each of, Every of, Either of + danh từ số nhiều + thì động từ chia ở số ít.
Ví dụ:
One of my friends is coming here.
- Từ chỉ số lượng (Half, %...) + of danh từ số ít/không đếm được + động từ chia dạng số ít.
Từ chỉ số lượng (Half, %...) + of danh từ số nhiều + động từ chia dạng số nhiều
Ví dụ:
Half of the students are absent.
Half of the population is infected with this disease.
- The number + danh từ số nhiều + động từ chia số ít (Số lượng những….) + A number + danh từ số nhiều
+ động từ chia số nhiều (Một số những…)
Ví dụ:
The number of dogs is increasing.
A number of dogs are as big as lions.
- Một số từ dạng số nhiều (kết thúc = “s”/”es”) nhưng bản chất số ít thì luôn chia động từ dạng số ít.
+ Môn/ngành học: Mathematics, Physics, Economics, Linguistics...
+ Bệnh tật: measles, mumps, rabises, diabetes, rickets, ...
+ Thể thao: athletics, aerobics, ...
+ Một số từ khác: news, politics, electronics, ...
Ví dụ:
The news is spreading fast.
- Một số từ có dạng số ít (không kết thúc = “s”/”es”) nhưng bản chất số nhiều thì luôn chia động từ dạng
số nhiều, (people, police, cattle, the + quốc tịch, the + adj...)
Ví dụ:
The British are conservative in general.
The poor outnumber the rich.
- Chủ ngữ là những danh từ chỉ tập hợp, tập thể (family, class, school, group, team, government, ...) thì
động từ chia số ít nếu chỉ tổng thể, động từ chia số nhiều nếu nhấn mạnh vào từng cá nhân trong tổng thể
đó.
Ví dụ:
My family opens a restaurant. (Cả nhà tôi cùng mở một nhà hàng.)
My family open a restaurant. (Mỗi người trong gia đình đều mở một nhà hàng.)
- Các danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tiền bạc, thời gian... thì động từ luôn chia số ít.
Ví dụ:
5,700 miles is the distance from Hanoi to London.
- Nếu sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “It” thì động từ sẽ chia theo chủ ngữ chinh trong cấu trúc câu chẻ.
Ví dụ:
It is her students who/that often tease her.
7.3. Văn phong
7.3.1. Viết tắt
Nhiều người bình thường hay viết tắt thì cũng áp dụng nguyên si những gì hay viết vào bài luận khi thi.
Đây là điều chắc chắn khiến người viết bị mất điểm vì văn phong tiếng Anh học thuật không chấp nhận
điều này.
Viết tắt Viết đúng
I’m -I ain’t I am (not)
He - She - It’s/isn’t He - She - It is (not)
You - We - They’re/aren’t You - We - They are not
can’t cannot (viết liền)
‘d would/should/had (tùy ngữ cảnh)
won’t/shan’t will not/shall not
gonna/wanna going to/want to

7.3.2. Đặt câu hỏi

Lỗi này rất hay gặp khi người viết chưa có nhiều kinh nghiệm viết văn học thuật. Tư duy của người viết
vẫn mang nặng tư duy khi viết văn tiếng Việt, rằng nên đặt câu hỏi để cho câu nghe luyến láy tu từ hơn.
Trong văn viết tiếng Anh, người chấm cần câu trả lời từ phía người viết cho câu hỏi từ đề bài chứ không
cần trả lời câu hỏi cùa người viết. Người chấm cần chấm ý của người viết chữ không có trách nhiệm trả
lời câu đó.
Ví dụ:
There are many reasons why the Internet is important. Why? Firstly…..(“Why” là hoàn toàn thừa thãi,
nên bỏ luôn)
7.3.3. Chép y nguyên đề
Nhiều người viết bị ảnh hưởng của văn tiếng Việt là luôn phải chép lại đề bài cẩn thận vào phiếu trả lời để
khỏi bị mất điểm trình bày. Tuy nhiên, điều này sẽ khiến người viết bị trừ điểm vì người chấm cho rằng:
người viết vốn từ kém, không viết lại đề giữ nguyên ý (paraphrase) được. Do đó, khi viết lại đề, người
viết cần viết lại đề giữ nguyên ý chứ không chép lại đề.
Ví dụ: đề bài là:
“Nowadays, many teenagers no longer trust their parents but they turn to their friends for advice. What
are the reasons?”
Nếu chép lại y nguyên câu “Nowadays, many teenagers no longer trust their parents but they turn to their
friends for advice ..." chắc chắn sẽ không được đánh giá cao. Thay vào đó, có thể viết lại rằng:
“In this day and age, there exists several reasons related to the issue of teenagers' confiding in peers in
lieu of their biological parents”.
7.3.4. Đoạn quá dài hoặc quá ngắn
Đây là lỗi thường thấy ở những đề có hai ý để hỏi, người viết đã quá chủ tâm vào một đoạn ở phần thân
bài, dẫn tới việc không đủ thời gian để viết đoạn còn lại trong phần thân bài. Giả sử đề có hỏi “reasons’ và
“solutions’ thì đây là hai ý có tầm quan trọng ngang nhau, do đó độ dài hai đoạn cũng cần tương đương
chứ không thể đoạn lại dài tận 10-15 dòng, đoạn còn lại chỉ lèo tèo 4-5 dòng được
7.3.5. Sai đề (nhầm lẫn giữa viết essay/paragraph)
Lỗi này nếu thi IELTS thì sẽ ít gặp vì người viết được định hướng thi, quen với cấu trúc thi từng phần rồi.
Với những người chưa thi bao giờ hoặc trong các bài thi chuyên, điều này vẫn có thể xảy ra. Viết đoạn
văn thi chỉ có một đoạn, không được xuống dòng trong khi viết bài văn gồm nhiều đoạn thì phải có xuống
dòng. Nếu sai đề, người viết sẽ bị trừ điểm rất nặng.
7.3.6. Dùng ngôi thứ 2 “you"
Nhiều học sinh quen dùng "you” trong bài văn của mình. Đây là điều không nên vì “you” là cách xưng hô
với người đối diện, khiến người chấm liên tưởng là đang nhắm tới chính người chấm, như đang dạy bảo
họ cần làm thế này thế nọ. Dùng “you” còn khiến câu văn trở nên thân mật quá, giống như bạn bè nói
chuyện thân mật với nhau chứ không còn khiến đoạn văn mang tính học thuật nữa. Để đảm bảo tính chính
luận, khách quan của bài viết, tác giả nên dùng ngôi “we” hoặc chủ ngữ giả như “it”. Tất nhiên, nếu đề có
hỏi “your opinion on sth” thì dùng “I” được.
7.3.7. Bắt đầu câu bằng liên từ “FANBOYS”
Đây là văn viết chứ không phải văn nói. Vì thế, nếu các liên từ “FANBOYS” (For / And/ Nor/ But/ Or/
Yet/ So) đứng đầu câu thì câu sẽ giảm đi tính học thuật trang trọng, sa đà sang lối văn nói. Chúng cần
được đặt giữa câu vì là từ nối hai mệnh đề với nhau.
7.3.8. Lạm dụng thành ngữ (idiom) hoặc cụm động từ (phrasal verb)
Nhiều học sinh thi chuyên đã dành nhiều thời gian ôn luyện cụm động từ (phrasal verb) và thành ngữ
(idiom) nên cũng quen áp dụng luôn vào bài viết. Đây là điều không nên vì 2 dạng trên phù hợp cho văn
nói hoặc lối viết hoa mĩ trong văn thơ hơn là những bài viết có tính trang trọng cao.
7.3.9. Đưa ra những dẫn chứng không đủ sức thuyết phục
Các câu trong phần thân bài cần có những dẫn chứng thuyết phục người chấm tin vào luận điểm người
viết đã đưa ra. Tuy nhiên, không phải dẫn chứng nào cũng có sức thuyết phục. Dưới đây là hai dạng dẫn
chứng điển hình như vậy:
Dạng 1: dẫn chứng chủ quan lấy từ kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm riêng của người viết.
Ví dụ: Having hair dyed is a common trend in today’s world. For example, my friend, Quynh, dyed her
hair in pink last week.
Nhân vật “Quỳnh” là 1 nhân vật quá chung chung khiến người đọc không thể nắm bắt được đây là ai.
Dạng 2: lấy số liệu, dẫn chứng quá cụ thể.
Về sau, khi học đại học, trong quá trình làm nghiên cứu, người viết có thể tìm thông tin từ rất nhiều
nguồn: Internet, báo, đài, TV...để bổ sung dữ liệu vào bài viết của mình. Nhưng ở đây, xét trong trường
hợp khi đi thi, người viết không có đủ thời gian và không được phép tra cứu thông tin vì khi thời gian thi
diễn ra, thí sinh không được dùng bất kì tài liệu nào cả. Vậy thông tin về số liệu lấy ở đâu ra?
- Nếu số liệu quá cụ thể, chi tiết, người chấm sẽ cho rằng thí sinh đang bịa số liệu.
Ví dụ:
Cancer is a serious disease in today’s world. For example, a record number of 94,768 cases were
witnessed last year in Vietnam only.
Câu hỏi đặt ra là, con số 94,768 lấy ở đâu ra? Con số này có thể được lấy dễ dàng trên mạng Internet
nhưng nếu xét về hoàn cảnh như trên, việc nhớ được tường tận chi tiết như vậy là rất khó khăn. Do đó,
muốn dẫn chứng số liệu, người viết nên viết dạng ước chừng “approximately”, "roughly”, "about”; số liệu
thì nên viết "less/ fewer/ more than...” thì sẽ hợp lý hơn.
7.4. Vậy viết thế nào để được điểm cao
Như trong phần 6 đã nêu lên cách tính điểm của một bài luận, để giành được điểm cao thì điểm thành
phần tạo thành điểm tổng cũng phải cao. Do đó, 1 bài luận được điểm cao là khi:
- Đáp ứng yêu cầu (Task response): trả lời được rõ ràng, rành mạch câu hỏi trong đề bài bằng những lập
luận sắc sảo, thuyết phục.
- Ngôn từ sử dụng (Lexical Resources): dùng từ không bị lặp, không sai chính tả, đúng ngữ cảnh, dùng
được từ có độ khó cao. Từ ngữ được biến đổi dạng hợp lí.
- Tính chặt chẽ và mạch lạc (Coherence & Cohesion): viết liền mạch, logic, không rời rạc bằng các liên từ
thích hợp. Các câu có sự kết hợp khéo léo: câu đơn, câu phức, câu ghép.
- Tính chính xác về ngữ pháp (Grammar Accuracy): ngữ pháp dùng tốt, không sai sót dưới bất kì dạng gì.
III. VIẾT THƯ (LETTER)
Phần viết thư lá thay đổi lớn nhất cùa sách so với lần xuất bản đầu năm 2018 và lần tái bản thứ nhất 2019.
Việc đưa phần này vào sách là nhằm thỏa mãn 3 mục đích:
Thứ nhất, nhóm tác giả chúng tôi muốn những học sinh có tham gia thi vào Trường Chuyên Ngoại ngữ -
Đại học Quốc gia có những sự trải nghiệm, rèn luyện nhất định về dạng bài này để bớt bỡ ngỡ trong lúc
thi.
Thứ hai, phần này tương ứng bài Task 1 trong khi thi IELTS General Training nên luyện tập qua phần này
sẽ giúp người đọc có những kinh nghiêm tương đối (trong phần thi IELTS Academic Training, Task 1 là
viết biểu đồ, quá trình...).
Thứ ba, đây là điều quan trọng nhất tôi muốn hướng tới không nhằm mỗi mục đích thi cử: rèn luyện cho
học sinh cách viết thư cho đúng văn phong chuẩn mực nhất. Trong suốt quãng thời gian đi dạy, tôi đã gặp
rất nhiều trường hợp học sinh gửi email cho giáo viên nhưng không khác gì gửi cho bạn. Những người
bạn bè của tôi năm xưa giờ làm lãnh đạo các công ty, cơ quan lớn cũng than phiền rằng: “hình như nhiều
người ra trường hiện giờ cũng không biết cách gửi email sao cho đúng đắn thì phải. Gửi thì ít ra phải có
cho ai, tiêu đề phải thế nào, nội dung thưa gửi ra làm sao, đằng này nhiều khi ghi mỗi 1-2 câu cho có cứ
như là mình có trách nhiệm phải đọc không bằng”.
Tựu chung lại, tôi muốn người đọc sẽ quen với việc viết thư, không chỉ dừng lại ở góc độ thi cử mà sẽ là
hành trang giúp ích sau này trong sự nghiệp công tác. Toàn bộ lý thuyết phần viết thư này tôi biên soạn từ
từ điển Oxford Advanced Learners và sách "IELTS Writing step by step” của tác già Mike Wattie kết hợp
cùng những bài viết mẫu cho đề thi do chúng tôi tự viết. Hi vọng phần này sẽ giúp ích cho người đọc.
1.Văn phong viết thư
3 văn phong viết thư chính:
- Dạng 1: Formal (thư trang trọng): thường dành cho những người mà mới nhận ; thư lần đầu cùa người
gửi, người có địa vị cao hơn người viết (sếp, lãnh đạo...). Đây là dạng dành cho ĐI THI.
- Dạng 2: Semi-formal (thư trang trọng một phần/ bán trang trọng): dành cho người đã từng nhận thư của
người gửi ít nhất 1 lần, người nhận có thể có địa vị cao hơn nhưng mối quan hệ hai bên khá thân mật.
- Dạng 3: Informal (thư thân mật/ không trang trọng): dành cho những người bạn bè, họ hàng thân thiết
của người gửi
Format (bố cục)
1.1. Formal (thư trang trọng)
* Sender’s contact information (thông tin người gửi): NẰM BÊN PHẢI GÓC TRÊN CÙNG CỦA THƯ
+ Name:……(tên:....)
Address: (số)……,(ngõ)……,(ngách)……, (phố)...,
(phường)...,(quận)...,
+ Thành phố/tỉnh:……,Mã vùng:....
+ Số điện thoại liên lạc
+ E-mail: không bắt buộc (nếu đã gửi email rồi thì thôi)
Ví dụ: Mai Thanh Son
47, Alley 91, Nguyen Chi Thanh str.,
Lang Ha Ward, Dong Da District
Hanoi, 10000
+84937589868
sonmt910@gmail.com
 Lưu ý: tên trên đầu góc phải có thể không cần dùng nếu tác giả kí tên ở cuối hoặc đã giới thiệu bản thân
trong đoạn mở đầu.
* Date (Ngày tháng): (BÊN TRÁI): 2 kiểu viết ngày tháng:
- Br.E (Anh - Anh): 20 April 2020
- A.E (Anh - Mỹ): April 20, 2020
(Không viết tắt theo kiểu 20/04/2020 hay Apr 20, 2020)
(Viết e-mail thì không cần ngày tháng)
* Recipient’s contact information (Thông tin người nhận): BÊN TRÁI
- Name:
+ Nếu không biết tên thì không cần viết
+ Nếu biết tên thì dùng Mr./Mrs./Ms. + họ/ tên (đã biết rõ người đó) hoặc nếu không dùng Mr./Mrs. Ms. +
tên đầy đủ (nếu không phân biệt được giới tính) (cũng có thể để sau Dear +…)
- Title (Chức vụ):
- Company name (Tên công ty)...
- Address (Địa chỉ)....
• City/ post code (Thành phố/ mã vùng)
(Nếu viết mail thì phải nêu cụ thể mục đích trong tiêu đề e-mail)
(VD: Request for help. Meeting this week...)
VD:
(Mr.) Nguyen Thanh Van
Principal/ Headmaster
Foreign Language Specialized School
1 Pham Van Dong Str., Mai Dich Ward, Cau Giay Dist.,
Hanoi, 10000
• Greeting: (Lời chào hỏi)
- Dear:
+ Nếu đã biết rõ tên: Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. ...
+ Nếu chưa rõ tên:
Dear + chức vụ,
hoặc Dear Sir/Madam,
hoặc To whom it may concern: thường dùng trong thư giới thiệu
* Paragraph 1 (Đoạn 1: mở bài): thường có 1-2 câu.
- Câu 1: giới thiệu tên (nếu ở trên đã có rồi thì thôi)/ hoàn cảnh xảy ra sự việc gì đó(I am/My name...)
(Khi đi thi: không nêu tên ra tránh bị coi là đánh dấu bài)
- Câu 2: (giống như thesis statement trong essay): nêu rõ mục đích viết thư ra.
1 số cấu trúc hay dùng để mô tả:
+ I write/ am writing this letter (in order/so as) to V-inf/ with a view to V-ing…./with the aim of V-ing...
+ The purpose of this letter is to V-inf...
+ I am writing with regards to ....
+ I am writing to inquire about....
- Nguyên tắc chung khi viết thư formal (trang trọng): NO ABBREVIATION/ CONTRACTION
(KHÔNG VIẾT TẮT)
• Paragraph 2-3-4: giải thích cụ thể mục đích của câu 2 phần mở bài
- Giống essay (bài luận): câu đầu mỗi đoạn là topic sentence, câu sau là supporting sentence rồi explanation
(có thể kèm yêu cầu người nhận làm gì đó).
+ Topic sentence (Câu mở đầu mỗi đoạn): có thể bắt đầu bằng
With regards to....,
As for...,
I would also like to mention that...
- Yêu cầu:
+ Dùng từ/cấu trúc formal (trang trọng): nên dùng “purchase” thay “buy”, “require” thay “need”,
“We are.../I am delighted to...”
“Please do not hesitate to V-inf.../ Should you V-inf...”
(thay cho “If you...” vì “Should” dùng trong đảo ngữ thì trang trọng hơn), hoặc dùng:
Would/ Could + ...... please?
Would it be possible for you/me to V-inf...
I would be grateful if you could V-inf...
I was wondering if you ....
* Last paragraph: đoạn kết:
- Câu 1: (không bắt buộc); general comment (bình luận chung): nói lại lý do viết thư
- Câu 2: cảm ơn người đọc vì đã đọc.
+ Thank you for....
+ I would really appreciate your help
+ I am (particularly) grateful (to you) for...
- Câu 3: thể hiện mong muốn người đọc trả lời sớm
+ I look/am looking forward to your swift reply.
+ I look/am looking forward to hearing from you (at your earliest convenience/ without delay).
+ I very much hope to hear from you shortly.
+ I await your prompt reply.
* Complimentary Close (Lời chào kết thư): (BÊN TRÁI)
- Br.E (Anh - Anh): Best wishes,/ Best regards,/ Regards,
- A.E (Anh - Mỹ): Sincerely (yours), Yours truly, Yours faithfully
* Signature (Chữ ký) (TRÁI PHẢI ĐỀU ĐƯỢC)
* P.S (postscript) (tái bút): KHÔNG BẮT BUỘC
1.2. Semiformal (Thư trang trọng 1 phần)
Format (Bố cục):
* Your contact information (Thông tin liên lạc của người gửi):
* Date (Ngày gửi): có thể viết tắt (Apr 20, 2020) nhưng tốt nhất là nên để formal
* Recipient’s contact info (thông tin người nhận): giống ở trên
* Greeting: Dear.... / Dear All,
* Paragraph 1: giống ở trên
- Có thể viết tắt trong thư (miễn là kí hiệu viết tắt đó được toàn cầu chấp nhận) (I am = I’m)
* Paragraph 2-3-4: giống ở trên. Ngôn ngữ có thể bớt trang trọng đi
I’m/ We’re happy/pleased to V-inf...
Please feel free to....
If you...
Could you V-inf.. ./Could I V-inf...
* Last paragraph: giống ở trên
* Complimentary Close: dùng formal cũng được nhưng cũng có thể dùng một số cấu trúc bớt formal đi:
Sincerely,/ All the best,/ Best,/ Many thanks, + tên (ký tên)
1.3. Informal: (thư không trang trọng, thư thân mật)
Format (Bố cục):
* Your contact information (thông tin người gửi): không bắt buộc
* Date (Ngày gửi): không bắt buộc
* Recipient’s contact info (thông tin người nhận): không bắt buộc
* Greeting: Dear/ Hi/ Hello + tên
* Không nhất thiết phải chia làm các paragraph: không cần mở bài, trình bày xem là ai nhưng ít nhất trong
cả bài vẫn phải nói được mục đích của người viết.
- Có thể bắt đầu bằng các câu chào: Hi,/ Hello,.../ How are you? How do you do? How have you been
doing? How have you been lately?/ (I) hope you are well.
* Complimentary close:
Thanks/ Cheers/ Speak to you soon + tên
- Nếu là người cực kì thân (vợ chồng, người yêu, người trong gia đình) thì có thể dùng Affectionately,/
Fondly,/ Love,
2. Mục đích viết thư thường gặp và các cách diễn đạt tốt
2.1. Tìm hiểu thông tin
Bắt đầu thư:
I am writing to ask if you would be so generous as to...
I am writing to request your kind permission for...
I wonder if I might ask you for your valuable advice concerning...
Đặt vấn đề:
Could you please provide details of...
I would also like to know ...
In addition, could you tell me...
Kết thúc thư:
I hope that my request will not inconvenience you too much.
I appreciate your time and attention to this matter.
Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation.
2.2. Cung cấp thông tin
Bắt đầu thư:
I am writing in response to your enquiry about...
I am writing with regards to ...
I am writing to advise you that...
Kết thúc thư:
I hope that this information will be of some assistance.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions.
Do not hesitate to contact me should you require further assistance.
Cách diễn đạt khác:
May I bring to your attention...
The following information may be of use to you ...
I would also like to draw to your attention...
2.3. Gửi lời phàn nàn
Bắt đầu thư:
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with....
I regret to inform you how disappointed I was with ...
I am writing to draw your attention to the problem of ....
Đưa ra lời than phiền một cách lịch sự:
I would like to draw to your attention...
I would like to respectfully point out that...
In order to rectify the situation, I will ....
Đề nghị giải quyết vấn đề một cách lịch sự:
Due to the discomfort and convenience by respectfully request compensatìor for...
I believe the best way to rectify the situation is ...
Could you please put this right by ...
Kết thúc thư:
I hope this matter will be resolved as soon as possible
I hope this matter will receive your immediate attention
I would like to request full compensation for...
2.4 Gửi lời xin lỗi
Bắt đầu thư:
I am writing to sincerely apologize for...
Please accept my profuse apologies for...
I would like to apologize for...
Thể hiện sự tiếc nuối:
Please accept my apology for...
I am sorry that I am unable to...
Regrettably, I cannot...
Đề nghị bù đắp:
Please allow me to offer compensation for...
I insist on making up for your inconvenience by ...
Kết thúc thư:
Once again, my apologies for the inconvenience caused.
I hope that you will accept my apologies.
I hope that you can overlook this regrettable error.
2.5. Cảm ơn người nhận
Bắt đầu thư:
I am writing to thank you for...
I am writing to express my gratitude for...
I would like to tell how cheerful I felt when ...
Đưa ra lời cảm ơn:
I am indeed indebted to you for...
I very much appreciated your...
I am extremely grateful to you for...
Kết thúc thư:
Once again thank you for...
Once again I really appreciated the ...
I would like to once again express my gratitude for...
Một số cấu trúc dành cho viết thư
Đưa ra luận điểm mới Sự bất mãn
With regard to I am discontent with/about..
As far as………….is concerned, am not satisfied with/about...
1 would also like to mention .... ....is not what 1 expected
.... does not fulfill my needs
.... is too (adj)
Nhấn mạnh những gì đang nói Sự tiếc nuối/ xin lỗi
Clearly, I regret that I ...
Obviously, Please accept my apology for...
Đưa ra lời đề nghị I am sorry that I am unable to
I would be grateful if... Please forgive me for....
What I am looking for is ... Regrettably I cannot...
I am very keen to....
I would be indebted to you if you could....
Sự thỏa mãn Đưa ra lời cảm ơn
I thoroughly enjoyed.... I am indeed indebted to you for...
I was thrilled about/by... I very much appreciated your...
...was extraordinary. I am extremely grateful to you for...
PHẦN 2
ĐOẠN VĂN MẪU
I. Đề thi THPT Chuyên Ngoại ngữ, Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ học Quốc gia Hà Nội
1. 2008-2009:
Write a paragraph of 150 words on the following benefits of the Internet: as a source of information,
entertainment and education.
Since time immemorial (1). the widespread (2) use of the TỪ VỰNG
Internet worldwide has been attributed (3) to an array of (4)
benefits, some of which will be discussed below. Firstly, it has (1) Kể từ lâu
proven to be a reservoir of (5) regularly updated information (2) rộng khắp
that can be easily accessed via a simple click of a mouse. (3) được cho là do
Internet users can be au courant with (6) trending news (4) hàng loạt
happening worldwide by browsing news websites or merely (7) (5) kho, nơi cung cấp trữ lượng lớn
typing a few keywords into the Google searchbox. Secondly, (6) cập nhật
entertainment forms abound (8) on the Internet, enabling users (7) chỉ là
to unwind (9) after stressful days at work. Watching a (8) tràn lan, có nhiều
profusion of (10) videos on Youtube and staying in touch with (9) xả hơi, thư giãn
(11) friends via social networking sites like Facebook and (10) số lượng nhiều
Twitter are popular leisure activities. Last but not least, its (11) giữ liên lạc
education potentials (12) cannot be ignored. A wide variety of (12) tiềm năng giáo dục
educational sites are available on the Internet, where the
majority of lessons are not only free but also beneficial towards
learners. In summary, the three main points above might be
considered the most outstanding benefits associated with the
Internet.

2. 2009-2010:
Write a paragraph of 150 words starting with the following sentence: “In my opinion, smoking should be
banned in public places”
In my opinion, smoking should be banned in public places. TỪ VỰNG
Despite the fact that cigarettes are now recognized as a legal
trading item (1), the negative (2) influence they can have on (1) hàng hóa được trao đổi hợp pháp
one’s health is certainly undeniable. The harmful chemical (2) có hại
compounds (3) contained within the mixture of smoke (3) thành phần
generated from cigarettes is not only detrimental (4) to (4) có hại
smokers, but is also scientifically proven to cause adverse (5) (5) xấu, tồi tệ
health effects to non-smokers upon exposure. As a (6) sự hít vào
consequence, allowing people to smoke in public places where (7) không còn nghi ngờ gì
passive smoking can occur through involuntary inhalation (6) (8) nghiêm cấm
would, without a doubt (7), damage the health of more people
than just that of active smokers. From what I have presented
above, it can be concluded that smoking in public areas is
likely to be harmful to both direct and indirect smokers, and in
order to lessen its negative impact on non-smokers, smoking
should be prohibited (8) of the use of cigarettes in public
places.
3. 2010-2011:
Write a paragraph of 150 words starting with the following sentence: “It is believed that a man who
knows how to divide his time between work and leisure enjoys happiness”.
It is believed that a man who knows how to divide his time between TỪ VỰNG
work and leisure enjoys happiness. Work is of paramount importance
in people’s lives for two reasons: firstly, and most obviously, it (1) thu nhập
provides them with an adequate income (1) to live by, and secondly, (2) cảm giác có mục đích
it offers people a sense of purpose (2). However, leisure is also of (3) có giá trị lớn
tremendous value (3). It is essential to have time to rest and (4) khỏi ốm, hồi phục
recuperate from (4) the stress of work, which actually keeps people (5) khỏe mạnh về mặt tinh thần và
mentally and physically healthy (5). Interestingly, when reflecting on sức khỏe
(6) their lives, people often voice their regrets about the things they (6) phản ánh về
would have done differently. Many complain about being so drawn (7) sự theo đuổi sự nghiệp
into working and pursuing their careers (7) that they missed out on (8) bỏ lỡ
(8) what they now realize were hugely important values. (9) hồi tưởng về
Alternatively, about the same number of people would also feel (10) sự tham gia vào
remorseful about (9) having too much leisure time and too little (11) hài lòng
involvement in (10) quality work. This clearly prompts people to
conclude that a balance between both work and leisure makes people
feel more content (11) and satisfied with their lives.

4. 2011-2012:
Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: Online games should be banned. Do you agree or
disagree with the statement? Justify your answer?
In today’s world, there is a boom of (1) entertainment, one of the TỪ VỰNG
most popular forms of which is online games. Gaming is sometimes
considered a kind of social malady (2) that needs proscribing (3) (1) sự bùng nổ
forthwith (4). (2) tệ nạn xã hội
However, I am in favour of the opinion that it should be encouraged (3) cấm đoán, bài trừ
instead for the following reasons. Firstly, all entertainment forms (4) ngay lập tức
serve the same purpose of bringing relaxation to a player. The matter (5) nằm ở
lies in (5) how much time one should spend on them. Specifically, (6) nhiều
wasting a surfeit (6) of time in the virtual world to the detriment of (7) gây thiệt hại, ảnh hưởng xấu
(7) other activities such as learning and socializing with friends tới
should be eschewed (8) but abstemious (9) usaae might alleviate (10) (8) tránh, hạn chế
the stress that can accumulate (11) throughout a hard day at work. (9) điều độ
Secondly, gaming ameliorates (12) a plaver’s brain in the long run (10) giảm nhẹ
(13). In particular, to gain mastery of (14) games. the user needs to (11) tích tụ
harmoniously (15) combine the dexterity (16) of his hands with a (12) cải thiện
nimble (17) brain durina the training period and real matches; thus, (13) về lâu về dài
may improve his decision-making ability (18) step-by-step. To (14) thuần thục
summarize, online games should scarcely be prohibited (19) in view (15) hài hòa
of (20) said (21) arguments. (16) sự khéo tay
(17) nhanh trí
(18) khả năng ra quyết định
(19) cấm đoán
(20) khi xét tới
(21) đã đề cập ở trên
5. 2012-2013:
Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: Students should take a part-time job. Do you
agree or disagree with the statement? Justify your answer.
Today, it might be considered the norm (1) for students to take part- TỪ VỰNG
time jobs, which - although can be regarded as distracting and even
risky - is not necessarily problematic (2) for the benefits as follows. (1) chuyện thường
First and foremost, to students who do not have enough financial (2) có vấn đề
capacity (3) to pursue their scholarly goals, the earnings (4) they can (3) khả năng tài chính
make through working would certainly be of significant help in (4) của kiếm được
paying tuition, which would consequently provide these students (5) ngành dịch vụ
with more opportunities to participate in academic activities as well (6) khả năng giao tiếp
as to proceed onto higher education. Secondly, by taking part-time (7) khả năng suy nghĩ trong thời
jobs, students can gain valuable work experience and soft skills. gian ngắn
Students who take up jobs in the service industry (5) like waiters or
shopkeepers can effectively learn the skills of communication (6) and
quick-thinking (7). while those who wish to become educators in the
future can obtain valuable experience through working as tutors. All
in all, it is sensible for students to take part-time jobs, for they can
gain not only money to help cover their academic fees but also useful
knowledge and experience for the future.

6. 2013-2014:
Write a paragraph of 150 words about the topic: What is a very important skill a person should
learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and
examples to support your choice.
To adapt to today’s ever-changing (1) and demanding (2) world, a TỪ VỰNG
person needs to have certain skills, some of the most essential of
which are language skills, especially English proficiency (3). There (1) luôn thay đổi
are a number of reasons that can account for the necessity of English (2) đòi hỏi
competence. To start with, having a great command of English is the (3) sự thành thạo
key to promoting commerce (4) or any business involving partners (4) đẩy mạnh buôn bán/ thương
overseas. English has been used as an official language of worldwide mại
trade since aeons ago (5); thus, English mastery (6) might aid two (5) từ rất lâu rồi
partners on different sides of the globe, for instance, a Vietnamese (6) sự nắm vững
and an American, in reaching a consensus (7). Secondly, English (7) sự nhất trí
proficiency paves the way for (8) one to access an endless (8) mở đường, mở lối
source of human knowledge. A plenitude of (9) documents written in (9) một số lượng lớn
English, ranging from classical compositions to modern works in (10) phát triển
various fields, might equip a reader with sufficient knowledge to
flourish (10) in a new era. To summarize, language skills, especially
English, are essential in today’s world.

7. 2014-2015:
Write a paragraph of 150 words on the following statement, using specific arguments to support
your writing: “Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently”.
(Henry Ford).
From the formative years (1) to adulthood, from being an infant to a TỪ VỰNG
full-fledged (2) person, one must go through vicissitudes (3) in life,
the part and parcel of which is tolerating (4) failures. Henry Ford (1) năm tháng hình thành nhân
once said, “Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time cách
more intelligently”, which is correct to a large extent due to the (2) trưởng thành
following reasons. Firstly, were it not for failures, one would never (3) thăng trầm
be able to climb the ladder of success (5), for they contain a number (4) chịu đựng, chấp nhận
of valuable lessons for those who fail to learn from, typically the (5) nấc thang thành công
courage not to abandon hopes. For example, one of the most (6) cá nhân có ảnh hưởng
influential figures (6) of the food industry, Colonel Sanders, was (7) nhiều không đếm được
rejected innumerable (7) times, even to the point he considered (8) tự tử
committing suicide (8) before managing to come up with a secret (9) động lực, thôi thúc
recipe to turn KFC into a worldwide brand. Secondly, failure (10) đầy cảm hứng
broadens one’s mind and give him the incentives (9) to weigh (11) qua đời
different options. For example, Steve Jobs, the legendary former (12) cơ hội vô giá
CEO of Apple, one of the most prestigious (10) companies
worldwide, was dismissed from Apple itself. His dismissal turned out
to be unexpectedly fruitful, as he seized the opportunity to
experience other aspects of competitive business before being invited
to return to lead Apple to reach its prime days before he deceased
(11). In brief, failure grants its recipients a priceless opportunity (12)
to start over in a more intelligent way.

8. 2015-2016:
Write a paragraph of 150 words: To be admitted to university, using the result of study during high
school years is better than that of the university entrance examination. Do you agree or disagree
with the statements?
Pursuing higher education (1) is the ultimate goal (2) of the majority TỪ VỰNG
of high school students. However, whether to utilize the grade point
average (GPA) during high school or the entrance exam result is still (1) học đại học
a controversial (3) issue. I am firmly of the opinion (4) that students (2) mục tiêu lớn nhất
should be opted based on the latter (5) owing to the following (3) gây tranh cãi
reasons. Firstly, the entrance exam is deemed (6) an equitable (7) (4) hoàn toàn ủng hộ phương án
process because every candidate sits for (8) the same papers whereas (5) cái/điều đằng sau
the merits (9) of high school might be contrived (10). When it comes (6) được coi là
to (11) the marking stage, no examiner knows who he or she is going (7) công bằng, không thiên vị,
to mark, which ensures transparency (12) of the admission stage (13). hợp lí
Secondly, the assessment criteria of different high schools vary (14). (8) đi dự (thi)
leading to disparity (15) in judging students’ academic potential (16). (9) chất lượng, kết quả
For example, the level of a top-notch (17) student from a remote or (10) bịa đặt, lừa dối, “xào nấu”
rural area may not be on par with (18) that of an average student (11) khi xét tới
from an ordinary high school in an urban zone (19), whose academic (12) sự minh bạch
environment is thought to be more conducive (20) to the learning (13) giai đoạn tuyển chọn
process. In summary, the finalized (21) results of one’s entrance (14) khác nhau
exam ought to be prioritized (22) over one’s high school GPA when (15) sự chênh lệch
candidates are evaluated for university admission. (16) tiềm năng học thuật, tiềm
năng học hành
(17) top đầu, ưu tú
(18) tương đương, cân bằng
(19) khu vực thành thị
(20) thuận lợi (cho)
(21) cuối cùng, đã hoàn thành
(22) được ưu tiên
9.2016-2017:
Write a paragraph of 150 words: Do you agree or disagree with the statement: “He who asks a
question remains a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask a question remains a fool forever”,
state your opinion and give reasons and examples to support your answer.
In my personal point of view, the saying bears (1) a rather wise and TỪ VỰNG
educative meaning. According to my intepretation, the statement
indicates that individuals who dare to raise questions would gain (1) chứa đựng
more opportunities to solve their problems, while the ones who do (2) gán cho mình cái mác
not ask would remain clueless- which is ultimately true. When (3) hoàn thành
deciding to raise a question, one must reveal their lack of knowledge
and hence labels himself (2) “a fool”; however, since he becomes
enlightened with the answer he demanded he is “only a fool for five
minutes”. On the other hand, a person who does not ask would never
gain the solution he wishes for and thus, is considered someone who
will never advance. Simply speaking, when solving the same math
problems, the student who poses questions would get closer to the
answer while the one who does not raise questions would find it
difficult to accomplish (3) the task without being provided with the
information he needs. All in all, the statement encourages the
willingness to ask and to learn rather than to passively, foolishly keep
silent.

II. Đề thi THPT Chuyên Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội

1. 2012-2013:
Write a of about 150 words about your dreams.
For as long as I can recall, I have always wanted to become a painter TỪ VỰNG
and thereby earn money for my family. When I was small, my father,
who worked as an engineer, taught me how to draw, and for each (1) mong muốn, khao khát
compliment that I gained, my motivation grew. Being acknowledged (2) khơi nguồn từ
for my artwork was, however, just one of my yearnings (1), for my (3) đam mê
inspiration was mostly generated from (2) my wish to become a (4) khả năng tài chính
person as passionate (3) as my father. Aside from that, another dream (5) theo đuổi sở thích
of mine is to make much money as my family does not really have (6) con đường gập ghềnh
financial capacity (4). So as to make these dreams come true, I am (7) được trả giá một cách thích
now trying my best at university in hopes of gaining enough đáng.
knowledge and experience to pursue my interests (5). Besides
studying Art at college, I also spend time working part-time as an
English tutor and a teacher’s assistant. I anticipate a bumpy road (6)
on the way to my goals, but I also hope that all my efforts will
eventually pay off (7).

2. 2013-2014:
Write a paragraph of about 120-150 words about the benefits of working in groups.
In a world laden with complications (1), there is a great need for (2) TỪ VỰNG
collaboration (3) in almost every aspect of life (4) as this work style
yields (5) multiple (6) benefits. Firstly, teamwork increases work (1) chất đầy sự phức tạp
efficiency (7). When a team works well together as a unit (8), they (2) cần nhiều
are more likely to (9) reap (10) greater productivity than what an (3) sự hợp tác
individual can generate (11) alone. Furthermore, working in a team (4) các lĩnh vực của cuộc sống
will boost (12) a group’s morale (13). This is because cooperation (5) cho ra
equals (14) responsibility being fairly entrusted to (15) each team (6) nhiều
member, resulting in (16) a higher sense of authority (17) in each (7) tính hiệu quả trong công việc
employee over the work progress (18). What is more, when diverse (8) như một thể thống nhất
members (19) in a team pool (20) their niche (21) in group projects, (9) dễ làm gì đó hơn
their complementary strengths (22) are blended (23), and therefore, (10) gặt hái
more effective solutions will, in all likelihood (24), ensue (25). (11) tạo ra
Lastly, working in a team benefits not only the employers but the (12) tăng
employees as well. Workers with different work styles and habits (13) tinh thần
will inevitably (26) trigger conflicts (27) with each other which are, (14) bằng với, đồng nghĩa với
in fact, the incentives (28) for them to hone (29) problem-solving (15) giao phó cho
skills. In summary, there are many fields where cooperation is (16) dẫn đến
needed, for the values this practice accrues (30) are numerous (31). (17) cảm giác có quyền lực
(18) tiến trình của công việc
(19) các thành viên khác nhau
(20) hùn cùng với nhau
(21) điểm mạnh
(22) thế mạnh bổ sung cho nhau
(23) hòa vào nhau
(24) khả năng cao là sỗ
(25) kéo theo
(26) không thể tránh khỏi
(27) gây ra xung đột
(28) động lực
(29) trau dồi
(30) tích lũy
(31) nhiều, to lớn

3.2014-2015
Write an opinion paragraph of 120-150 words about the benefits of taking an online course.
The availability (1) of cutting-edge (2) communication platforms (3) TỪ VỰNG
has revolutionized (4) the world of education, rendering (5) online
courses prevalent (6) across the globe. The advantages of this (1) tính sẵn có
learning in this fashion (7) are undeniable (8). For one, online (2) hiện đại
courses allow students to study in their own time and at their own (3) nền tảng
pace (9). Depending upon individual preferences, participants (10) (4) cách mạng hóa, thay đổi hoàn
can choose to learn either during day or at night in the comfort of toàn
(11) their homes. Furthermore, distance learning (12) is irrefutably (5) khiến cho
(13) cost-efficient (14). Traveling expenses (15) are no longer an (6) thịnh hành
issue (16) as online learners can access (17) their classes within only (7) cách học
a few mouse clicks (18). Learning materials also come free in digital (8) không thể chối bỏ
format (19) which can be downloaded and stored on personal (9) theo tiến độ
computers readily available (20) at any time. From the above- (10) những người tham gia
mentioned (21) merits (22), online learning is undoubtedly (23) (11) với sự thoải mái
revolutionary (24), and with the ever-advancing technology (25), its (12) học từ xa
potential (26) is limitless (27). (13) không thể chối cãi
(14) tiết kiệm
(15) chi phí đi lại
(16) vấn đề
(17) tiếp cận được
(18) chỉ bằng vài nút bấm
(19) định dạng kĩ thuật số
 (20) luôn sẵn có
(21) nhắc đến ở trên
(22) cái lợi
(23) chắc chắn là
(24) mang tính cách mạng
(25) công nghệ không ngừng phát
triển
(26) tiềm năng
(27) vô hạn

4. 2015-2016:
Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the reasons why teenagers should be encouraged to do
household chores.
In this day and age (1). youngsters are generally loath to do any TỪ VỰNG
housework due to their being uncognizant(3) of its advantages.
Firstly, handling chores teaches teenagers different, useful life (1) ngày nay
skills such as time management, prioritizing (4) tasks and (2) ngại ngần
organizational (5) abilities. That is partly because to do the (3) không nhận thấy được
housework effectively, they need to take into consideration some (4) ưu tiên
questions such as how much time should be spent on doing a task, (5) (thuộc) tổ chức
what to do first, what to do next, what to avoid, and so on. These (6) luôn thay đổi
skills will later prove to be useful in the ever-changing (6) world (7) đánh giá cao
where these soft skills are highly appreciated (7). Secondly, (8) với mục đích
performing chores may teach teenagers a sense of responsibilty. By (9) về lâu về dài
sharing housework with parents, teenagers may feel a sense of
belonging to the community, namely their family, and see the chores
in pursuance of (8) running the community efficiently. In conclusion,
adolescents might improve their social skills and responsibility in the
long run (9) by doing chores.

5.2016-2017
Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the benefits of studying at a gifted school.
Becoming an elite (1) student of a gifted institution is the burning TỪ VỰNG
ambition (2) of any aspirant (3) who wishes to study in an arduous (1) ưu tú, xuất chúng
(4) learning environment on account of (5) the following plausible (2) khát khao cháy bỏng
(6) reasons. Firstly, when surrounded by excellent friends, one must (3) người khao khát 1 việc gì đó
endeavour (7) to keep up with them in terms of (8) academic (4) khó khăn, gian khổ
performance. Constant emulation (9) during high school years at a (5) bởi vì
gifted school might be a prelude (10) to the incessant (11) (6) hợp lí, đáng tin
competition in real life later on. Secondly, if one longs for (12) the (7) cố gắng
opportunity to study abroad, the admission committee (13) of (8) về mặt
overseas univesities might give his application form precedence (14) (9) sự ganh đua
over that of other candidates coming from ordinary schools. This is (10) việc mở đầu, sự làm quen
partly because the quality of gifted schools is considered superior dần
to (15) that of their common counterparts (16), which might lead to (11) liên miên
favoritism. In summary, thanks to these aforesaid (17) arguments, (12) mong mỏi
there seems to be a wealth of (18) advantages to studying in a gifted (13) ban tuyển chọn
milieu (19) (14) ưu tiên hơn
(15) xuất sắc hơn
 (16) người/vật có vai trò tương
đương
(17) đã đề cập ở trên
(18) nhiều
(19) môi trường

6.2017-2018:
Write about the most essential skill a 21st-centurv learner should acquire.
In order to thoroughly (1) improve themselves in terms of TỪ VỰNG
knowledge, learners from the modern age of the 21st century should
be equipped (2) with various essential skills, one of which is (1) một cách tỉ mỉ
adroitness in communication (3). A justification (4) for such a claim (2) được trang bị
is that the skillfulness in conversing would efficiently aid students in (3) sự khéo léo trong giao tiếp
expressing their opinions, which would lead to significant progress in (4) sự chứng minh, biện hộ
acquiring knowledge. During the process of learning, it is quite (5) sự thông thạo
likely for a scholar with adeptness (5) in communication to (6) tích lũy
accumulate (6) more information as they could freely exchange (7) nâng cao
conversation with their mentors. Moreover, communication skills (8) cuộc đàm thoại
also enhance (7) students’ ability to cooperate with others, hence
promoting their self-awareness through teamwork. By carrying out
interlocution (8) with fellow peers, students might be more open-
minded towards others’ viewpoints, thus more willing to improve
themselves. All in all, communication skills are invariably necessary
for one’s learning process in this day and age.

7.2018-2019
In 120-150 words, write a paragraph to suggest ways to promote creativity at high school.
Creativity, an invaluable aspect of the human experience, needs TỪ VỰNG
fostering from early childhood to adolescence. There are numerous
ways to develop this special gift throughout high school. First and (1) sự trừng phạt
foremost, a supportive environment where every individual can (2) là điều kiện cần, tiên quyết
express oneself without fear of castigation (1) is prerequisite to (2) (3) nghe lời
promoting creativity. The backward notion that a student should (4) không dám hỏi
conform to (3) his or her teacher’s opinion unquestioningly (4) (5) bác bỏ
should be renounced (5). Instead, students should be encouraged to (6) đánh giá đúng
think for themselves and come up with new ways of solving (7) (bị) loại bỏ
problems. Secondly, educators need to acknowledge (6) the (8) suy nghĩ khác biệt
importance of the Arts in the curriculum. For example, in Vietnam, (9) nghĩ ra, chế ra
Artsrelated subjects are only taught from elementary school to grade (10) kích thích, làm bùng lên
9. Despite being excluded (7) from high school level, the Arts train (11) dễ chịu, thân thiện, hỗ trợ
students to think outside the box (8) and devise (9) novel approaches
to dealing with the world around them. Hence, the incorporation of
such subjects as Music and Art into high schools would certainly
ignite (10) creativity. In conclusion, a congenial (11) environment
and a greater emphasis on the Arts subjects are essential towards
promoting creativity.

8. 2019-2020:
Write a paragraph of about 140 words about the reasons why an increasing number of cafeterias
and restaurants are replacing singleuse plastic items such as plastic straws and utensils with paper
ones.
A great shift has taken place in food outlets (1) such as restaurants or TỪ VỰNG
cafeterias when it comes to recyclable (2) products displacing non-
disposable (3) dining utensils. Explanations for this trend are related (1) chuỗi
to the amount of trash alarmingly mounting (4) on planet Earth and (2) có thể tái chế
its deleterious (5) effects on humans. Firstly, the environment is (3) không thể vứt bỏ
damaged to a great extent. Landfill sites are becoming highly laden (4) tăng nhanh
with (6) litter, which is not only an eyesore (7) but also a waste of (5) gây hại
land reserves. In almost all bodies of water (8), there have been (6) đầy
incidents of environmentally- unfriendly junks inflicting widespread (7) thứ gây nhức mắt
damage on underwater (9) animals. In particularly, there have been (8) các thực thể của nước trên trái
heart-breaking (10) documentaries of dead turtles and whales washed đất: hồ, sông, biển...
up on (11) beaches with non-biodearadable (12) bags found stuck in (9) dưới nước
their noses and throats. Secondly, its negative impacts on humans are (10) thương tâm
undeniable. Several scientifically reports have suggested that plastic (11) bị trôi dạt vào
items contain carcinogenic (13) substances, which are detrimental to (12) không thể tự tiêu hủy
human’s health in the long run once consumed on a regular basis (13) gây ung thư
(14). In summary, these are the reasons why plastic products are (14) thường xuyên
becoming outcast (15) (15) bị loại bỏ

9. 2020-2021:
During the coronavirus crisis, many people did courageous and meaningful deeds. Write a
paragraph of about 140 words about one of the deeds that impressed you most. Write your
paragraph on your answer sheet.
In my virus-stricken (1) country, Vietnam, the government has joined TỪ VỰNG
forces (2) with citizens, especially doctors at the forefront of (3) the
Covid-19 campaign, to combat the pandemic. In my opinion, (1) bị ảnh hưởng của virus
concerted (4) efforts to save the life of patient 91, Stephen Cameron, (2) chung tay
a British pilot working for Vietnam Airline, are the most remarkable (3) ở tuyến đầu
for the following reasons. Firstly, from the experts’ prospective, (4) chung
doctors did everything possible to help him escape death (5) chỉ định
miraculously although his chances of survival were extremely slim. (6) sự cấy ghép
Numerous meetings for the purpose of saving Patient 91’s life were (7) đe dọa tới mạng sống
held between distinguished professors and experienced doctors. (8) biến chứng
Ecmo, a life support machine which is designated (5) for the most (9) không biết mệt
extreme case and costs a huge sum of money to be operated per day, (10) dũng cảm, can trường
was utlized. Secondly, on the citizens’ side, myriads of people were
more than willing to donate a part of their body to the pilot even
though they were complete strangers. For example, several ones were
prepared to sacrifice their lungs in case a lung transplant (6) was
required to prevent further life-threatening (7) complications (8). In
conclusion, the deed of people’s fighting tirelessly (9) for Cameron’s
survival is believed to be the most daring (10).

III. Đề thi trường chuyên của Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo Hà Nội
1.2008-2009:
Write 150 words to share your experience how to learn English with your friends.
Learning a foreign language, specifically English, is not an effortless TỪ VỰNG
(1) process for anyone, but there are methods to help learners make
further progress. One which worked for me was to study through (1) không tốn công sức
entertainment. In my personal viewpoint, gaining knowledge throuqh (2) cách tiếp cận
a new approach (2) other than textbooks is a more fascinating (3) điểm nhìn của người bản xứ
experience, hence, outside the compulsory curriculum, I also read (4) không đòi hỏi khắt khe
English books and watched movies with English subtitles so as to (5) thu thập
understand the language throuhgh its native perspective (3). As such (6) tiếp tục
activities were done by myself and in my own pace, I was not (7) cách hiểu
pressured about homework or quizzes and thus, the process of (8) đọc và sửa
learning was undemanding (4) and relaxed, which in my opinion was
ideal for absorbing (5) knowledge. Having familiarized myself with
the language, I proceeded (6) to practice writing based on my own
comprehension (7) and submitted it to my English teachers for
proofreading (8) In this way, I was able to enjoy the process of
learning English and therefore achieved a certain level of
understanding of the language.

2. 2009-2010
Write no more than 150 words about energy waste problems around you and suggest the solutions
to save energy.
Human beings are alarmingly (1) faced with (2) an array of (3) TỪ VỰNG
environmental issues, among which energy depletion (4) is the most
acute (5). Much of the world’s power sources are being drained (6) (1) một cách đáng báo động
as the result of the ever-increasing need (7) of a burgeoning (8) world (2) phải đối mặt với
population. For example, a number of factors such as increased (3) một chuỗi
irrigation (9) and rising temperatures are to blame for a severe (10) (4) sự cạn kiệt năng lượng
shortage of drinking water. Likewise, a surge (11) in automated (5) cấp bách
industries (12) has also strained (13) coal and oil resources, leaving (6) bị rút cạn
people with merely enough for a few more years of use. To (7) nhu cầu luôn tăng
overcome these threats, multiple measures (14) are needed. One (8) bùng nổ
compelling (15) solution is to make efforts (16) to explore and (9) sự tưới tiêu (trong nông
popularize environmentally friendly power sources to substitute (17) nghiệp)
the dissipating (18) ones. Furthermore, the public should be (10) nghiêm trọng
encouraged to (19) recycle materials alongside saving energy to curb (11) sự tăng vọt
(20) wasting natural resources. I believe the combination of strides (12) các ngành công nghiệp tự
(21) from many stakeholders (22) will yield (23) a fruitful end result động
(24) pertaining to (25) global energy preservation. (13) đặt gánh nặng lên
(14) biện pháp
(15) hiệu quả, thuyết phục
(16) nỗ lực
(17) thay thế
(18) đang biến mất dần
(19) cần được khích lệ để
(20) giảm
(21) nỗ lực
(22) những người quan tâm
(23) tạo ra
(24) kết quả cuối cùng
(25) liên quan đến, khi nói tới

3. 2010-2011
Write no more than 150 words about secondary students’ clothes.
Despite the fact that wearing uniform is compulsory for secondary TỪ VỰNG
students, nowadays there are some students who find loopholes to (1)
such rules by altering (2) their uniforms, which defies (3) the primary (1) tìm ra khe hở (để lách luật)
purpose of maintaining equality (4) among students. A very possible (2) thay đổi, sửa lại
cause for such a trend is that during the teenage phrase when students (3) coi thường, bất chấp
start to pay more attention to their appearance, they are easily (4) sự bình đẳng
captivated by (5) fashion trends and hence, begin to find their (5) bị thu hút bởi
simply-designed uniform stiff (6) and much of a bore (7). Then, they (6) cứng nhắc
try to change their long pants into skirts (for schoolgirls) or style (7) sự nhàm chán
their plain shirts and trousers into more fashionable items. Such acts (8) vi phạm
could have a negative influence on the school’s image as well as (9) bộ phận quản trị
violate (8) its regulations. so it is advisable that school administrators (10) thi hành
(9) enforce (10) more riqid disciplinary (11) measures to prevent this (11) mang tính kỷ luật, luật lệ,
trend from expanding in the student community. quy định

4. 2011-2012:
Write no more than 200 words about the media you like best. Give reasons to prove your opinion.
Media, the communication channels through which news and TỪ VỰNG
messaaes are promulgated (1) to a large pool of (2) people, has
several forms, my favorite of which is the Internet for the following (1) được tuyên truyền
reasons. Firstly, it alleviates (3) the burden of overseas calling (4). (2) nhiều người
Needless (5) to use the telephones to call the recipients (6) in foreign (3) giảm nhẹ (gánh nặng)
countries directly, which might be exorbitant (7) per minute, users (4) gọi điện sang nước ngoài
may take advantage of free applications such as Messenger, Skype, (5) Không cần
Viber, Whatsapp or Google Duo to contact their friends or relatives (6) người nhận
without incurring (8) any cost. Secondly, thanks to the widespread (7) đắt đỏ
use of the Internet, any request for assistance may pervade (9). (8) (làm) phát sinh
accomplishing its intended purpose (10) instantaneously (11). For (9) lan truyền
example, an astronomical (12) sum of money was raised to aid (10) mục đích cần đạt được
manifold (13) residents living in destitution (14) after their regions (11) ngay lập tức
had been deluged (15) by Thuy Tien, a public figure, this year. (12) vô cùng lớn
Thanks to her mobilization, a great deal of money has been delivered (13) nhiều
to the citizens in flooded regions, tiding them over until the flood (14) khốn cùng
subsidizes. Last but not least, users can be au fait with (16) any (15) bị ngập lụt
prevalent (17) news around them thanks to constant updates on the (16) cập nhật
Internet. Attractive headlines of articles or even single eye-catching (17) tràn lan
thumbnails may assist the audience in keeping abreast of (18) any (18) theo kịp
news in the mainstream. To conclude, the aforementioned (19) (19) đã đề cập ở trên
advantages explain why the Internet is to my liking.

IV. Một số đề khác

Chủ đề 1.
Nowadays, many teenagers no longer trust their parents but they turn to their friends for advice.
What are the reasons?
In this day and age, there exists several reasons related to the issue of TỪ VỰNG
teenagers’ confiding in (1) their friends in lieu of (2) their biological
parents. First and foremost, the generation gap (3) among different (1) thổ lộ
family members may lead to the youngsters’ mistrust (4). Born and (2) thay vì
raised in an age swarmed with (5) hardship (6) and living in a new (3) khoảng cách giữa các thế hệ
era teeming with (7) fierce competition or even injustice (8), many (4) sự thiếu tin tưởng
parents tend to exaggerate and misapprehend (9) whatever they hear (5) tràn ngập
from their offspring (10), causing tension (11) between each side and (6) sự khó khăn
partly resulting in the latter’s hesitation to open their hearts to (12) (7) tràn đầy
the former. For example, a teenager’s confession of his first love may (8) sự bất công
turn out to be chaotic once his parents dramatize (13) this pure (9) hiểu sai
affection because they consider it a threat to their progeny (14)’s (10) con cái
academic performance. Secondly, some parents are overwhelmed (11) sự căng thẳng
with (15) their own business, which leaves their descendants (16) no (12) trải lòng
time to share their secrets. This might cause their children to seek (13) làm to chuyện, bi kịch hóa
advice from their friends, who are likely to provide assistance in an vấn đề
instant. In conclusion, age disparity (17) and time deficiency (18) are (14) thế hệ con
the two most plausible (19) causes of teenagers’ regarding their peers (15) tràn ngập, ngập ngụa
(20) as more trustworthy (21) confidants (22) than their parents. (16) hậu duệ
(17) khoảng cách tuổi tác
(18) sự thiếu hụt thời gian
(19) xác đáng
(20) bạn đồng trang lứa
(21) đáng tin
(22) người được tin tưởng

Chủ đề 2.
What are the benefits of reading books?
There are a plethora of (1) advantages stemming from (2) the act of TỪ VỰNG
reading books. Firstly, thanks to books, readers are generally
equipped with a trustworthy source of knowledge. Unlike the (1) nhiều
Internet, where everything can be posted without censorship (3), (2) tới từ, bắt nguồn từ
books have to undergo editorial stages (4) to have irrelevant (5) (3) sự kiểm duyệt
content expurgated (6) before being published. Besides, sources of (4) trải qua nhiều giai đoạn biên
information in a book are supposed to be cited and credited, so tập
readers are assured that what they read is not likely to be fabricated (5) không phù hợp
(7). Secondly, books may hone (8) several helpful skills, a typical (6) cắt gọt bớt
example of which would be the use of language. The grammar and (7) làm giả
vocabulary used in a book written by native authors are invariably (8) mài giũa
(9) certain to be correct, and most of the time highly advanced (9) luôn luôn
especially in the case of literary books. By reading these books, (10) quen thuộc với
readers can familiarize themselves with (10) the usage of complex (11) tư duy phản biện
words and structures, and thus can apply them much more naturally (12) đọc sâu tỉ mỉ, soi xét
to their everyday life, particularly in writing essays. Last but not (13) tổng hợp
least, books are also considered beneficial in developing other skills (14) ý kiến đa chiều
such as skimming or critical thinking (11). By scrutinizing (12) (15) củng cố thêm
books, readers can compile (13) mixed opinions (14) from a variety (16) bổ ích
of authors to reinforce (15) their arguments, boosting the two
aforementioned skills. For the aforesaid reasons reading books is
believed to be a highly expedient (16) activity for the reader.

Chủ đề 3.1.
What are the consequences of modifying test scores?
In the academic world, sitting for an exam is a major constituent (1) TỪ VỰNG
of the learning process; hence,., its transparency (2) needs sustaining
(3) at all costs. Several dire (4) consequences may ensue (5) from the (1) thành tố cấu thành
act of falsifying (6) test scores. In the short run, the education system (2) tính minh bạch
is likelv to be jeopardized (7). There is a likelihood that other (3) duy trì, đảm bảo
students regard the case of wrongdoers (8) as prime (9) examples to (4) nghiêm trọng
imitate, getting distracted from pursuing knowledge for themselves. (5) sinh ra từ, xảy ra theo
In the long run, the future of the whole country that depends on (6) làm sai lệch
future workforce might be at stake (10). Fabricatirig (11) scores, (7) đe dọa
which is the equivalent of (12) replacing skilled students with less (8) người làm việc sai trái
academically-minded (13) counterparts, deprives of the chances of an (9) tiêu biểu
honor student (14) to contribute to the development of his or her own (10) bi đe dọa
country. For example, the life of a patient will be in grave peril (15) (11) làm giả
once it is put into the hands of a charlatan (16) who obtained (12) tương đương
preferential (17) treatment earlier. To conclude, several issues (13) có đầu tư cho học tập
stemming from the education system as well as the country’s (14) sinh viên tài năng
foreseeable (18) future when it comes to distorting (19) test scores (15) bị đe dọa nghiêm trọng
ought to be resolved. (16) kẻ lang băm
(17) được ưu tiên
(18) nhìn thấy được
(19) bóp méo

Chủ đề 3.2.
What are the solutions to modifying test scores?
To date, boosting the exam scores illegally proves to eauio its TỪ VỰNG
beneficiary (1) with an impressive CV to compete in a rigorous (2)
market place. This illicit (3) act might be partially (4) deterred (5) in (1) người được hưởng lợi
a number of ways as follows. First and foremost, more severe (2) khốc liệt
penalties had better be levied on (6) the culprits. (3) bị cấm, trái phép
For instance, in lieu of charging the offender lightlty, heftier (7) (4) phần nào đó
fines in the range of hundreds of millions or even billions of Vietnam (5) bị ngăn chặn
Dong ought to be imposed as this crime is deemed comparableto (8) (6) áp chế cho, áp dụng cho
revealing the nation’s top secrets. Secondly, students should be made (7) nặng nề hơn
aware of the importance of expanding knowledge for themselves. (8) có thể được so sánh với
Knowledge equipped at school and university is pivotal (9)when it (9) tối quan trọng
comes to joining the workforce as inflating(10) test scores does (10) làm tăng lên
nothing but giving them false hopes (11) of their true abilities. In (11) ảo tưởng
conclusion, harsher (12) castigation along with enhancing (12) nặng hơn
students’ awareness might help tackling the issue of altering (13) test (13) thay đổi
results.

Chủ đề 4.
Write a paragraph of 150 words about the importance of a healthy diet.
In this day and age, a sensible diet is of paramount importance for TỪ VỰNG
the following reasons. Firstly, a healthful diet is instrumental in (1)
one’s increased productivity. With a balanced diet to store their (1) góp phần, đóng vai trò
energy, people are capable of achieving the best results in the (2) không thể chữa được
workplace and stand a good chance of being promoted later on. (3) sinh ra từ, kéo theo
Secondly, a nutritious diet is crucial in preventing diseases. (4) sự hấp thụ
Food poisoning in the short term or obesity or even incurable (2) (5) sự nhập viện
diseases such as cancer in the long run all may ensue (3) from (6) quá nhiều
consumers’ intake (4) of dirty foods. For example, should an (7) chất bảo quản
unhealthy diet result in food poisoning, the person affected may (8) tên một loại chất bảo quản
require hosoitalization (5). In addition, consuming an excessive (6) (9) bún
quantity of preservatives (7) such as formaldehyde (8) found in the (10) những người bán hàng rong
noodles and vermicelli (9) sold by a great number of street food
vendors (10) poses a serious threat to human’s health. To summarize,
enhanced productivity at the workplace and the strong possibility of
disease prevention reflect the significance of a healthy diet.

Chủ đề 5.
Write a paragraph of at least 150 words about the advantages of social networks.
In today’s world, the social media boom is in full swing (1). TỪ VỰNG
Accordingly, there are merits aplenty associated with social media
platforms. Firstly, such sites facilitate connectivity, forging the (1) ở giai đoạn cao trào
friendship and bond (2) among users irrespective of any geographical (2) mối gắn kết
barriers. Particularly, people from all walks of life all over the world (3) cuồng nhiệt
can become friends and exchange information should they wish to (4) khắp toàn cầu
get connected. For example, an adoring (3) fan might subscribe to his (5) đáng chú ý
or her idols and communicate on the virtual platform, which would
be unfeasible were it not for the advent of social media. Secondly, it
suits anyone’s educational purposes. In particular, it enables learners
across the globe (4) to access a wealth of knowledge shared by
myriads of online learning pages and groups. Reference materials,
for example, IELTS-related ones, abound on Facebook, which may
assist learners in honing their language skills. In conclusion, the
ability of social media to ensure enhanced connectivity and
accomplish educational purposes is noteworthy (5).
 PHẦN 3
BÀI LUẬN MẪU
I. Đề thi trường chuyên của Sở Giáo dục & Đào tạo Hà Nội
1.2013- 2014:
It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast
knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. Which is more important?
Why? Write about 200-250 words to improve your opinions in this space
Education is believed to never cease, and there are many ways to keep TỪ VỰNG
learning. Although I concede (1)that learning through regular reading
is fruitful (2), I believe that knowledge enhancement can take place (1)thừa nhận
through other fashions such as interpersonal communication and (2)nhiều lợi ích
travelling, which emerge (3) as other valuable sources of knowledge (3)nổi lên
and prove to be of equal importace. (4)khi nhắc tới việc
Admittedly, written accounts hold certain advantages when it comes (5)chứa đựng
to (4) studying svstematic and lenathv textual knowledge. Being (6)truyền đạt
portable, a book can compact (5) knowledge of many fields within (7)vũ trụ học tham khảo
only a few hundred pages, allowing readers to learn at any time (8)từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau
convenient for them. A mini encyclopaedia, for example, imparts (6) (9)bổ sung
information of various fields, namely physics, biology, chemistry or (10)minh họa
even cosmology (7). Knowledge seekers can even review and cross- (11)chuyên sâu vào
reference (8) material at their own convenience. Nevertheless, (12) chính đáng
knowledge can also be enhanced through communication with other (13) mặc dù
people whose command is complementary (9) to ours. This is clearly (14) có hại cho môi trường
illustrated (10) in the case of an environmentalist listening to a friend (15) người quen
who specializes (11) in economics. (16) trực tiếp
He can, after a discussion, come to a realization of legitimate (12) (17) đi ngang qua
concerns of those whose jobs depend on the continued profitable, (18)không thể đọ với
albeit (13) environmentally-unfriendly (14) operation of a factory. (19)lạ
Moreover, this strengthens bonds among acquaintances (15) and (20)đồ ăn
boosts mutual understanding. Therefore, it is primarily through (21)do đó
discussion or debate with other people that one’s knowledge is (22)cảm giác
expanded. (23)làm cho
In addition, another compelling way to obtain information about (24)mê hoặc
people and cultures is travelling. Indeed, tourism can satisfy human’s (25)tích lũy
primary need to experience new things first-hand (16) and to explore (9)

the world with people own eyes. A picture of the Swiss Alps, no
matter how colourful it is presented on a page of a book, is unlikely to
serve as a substitute for a motorcycle tour along the narrow roads
traversing (17) those mountains. Similarly, seeing food photos in a
magazine is no match for (18) tasting the exotic (19) cuisine (20) in a
foreign setting. Hence (21), it is clear that travelling gives tourists
sensory (22) experience during the learning process that will
ultimately render (23) learning not only riveting (24) but memorable
as well.
On balance, books may be helpful in some aspects of learning, I,
however, firmly believe that knowledge can be accumulated (25)
through other effective means such as interpersonal communication or
travelling. It is one’s personal choice to keep oneself informed either
through books or active engagement with other people and cultures.
2. 2014-2015:
The Football World Cup is taking place in Brazil now. Write a composition of no more than 250
words to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of football.
Football, originating (1) in England and termed (2) “soccer” in the TỪ VỰNG
USA, is believed to be the king of all sports on a global level. This
essay will discuss in detail its advantages and disadvantages. (1)bắt nguồn (từ)
On the one hand, football encompasses (3) advantages aplenty (4). In (2)được đặt tên/gọi là
the first place, owing to its characteristic of being a strenuous sport, (3)bao gồm, chứa đựng
football entails (5) its players to work out their muscles through the (4)nhiều
activity, of running and sweating (6) on the pitch to wrest control of (7) (5)yêu cầu
the ball. Thanks to that, a player can maintain his figure (8) and a high (6)đổ mồ hôi
level of physical fitness (9). Besides, football might provide the (7)giành quyền kiểm soát
intangible (10) benefits of uniting people and rousing national pride (8)giữ dáng
(11). In 2008, legions of (12) supporters, many of whom had never (9)duy trì trạng thái thể lực tốt
watched a football match before, jubilantly (13) flocked (14) to the (10)vô hình, không thấy được
streets ubiquitously (15) in celebration of (16) Vietnam being crowned (11)làm dâng lên niềm tự hào dân
the champion of the South East nations after its unprecedented (17) tộc
victory in the AFF final match against their rival (18). Thailand. On the (12)nhiều, hàng đoàn
other hand, several downsides of football are worth mentioning. By (13)rạng ngời, rạng rỡ
virtue of (19) it being a competitive sport in which the players of both (14)đổ xô ra
sides struggle for the possession of the ball, the chances are that minor (15)khắp mọi ngả đường
injuries ranging from sprained ankles (20) to serious ones such as torn (16)để ăn mừng
knee ligaments (21) will occur. (17)chưa từng có tiền lệ
Several world-class footballers such as Marco Van Basten of the (18)địch thủ
Netherlands and Owen Hargreaves of England have been deprived of (19)Vì
(22) their careers due to unrecoverable injuries (23). In addition, (20)bong mắt cá chân
unexpected violence may arouse (24) among spectators when fanatics (21)đứt dây chằng đầu gối
(25) or hooligans riot (26), wreaking havoc (27) or even killing others (22) bị tước mất
after observing lackluster performances (28) of their favorite teams. For (23) chấn thương không thể hồi
example, in 1994, Escobar, a hapless (29) player, was assasinated after phục
scoring an own goal for the Colombian national team, which led to his (24)nổi lên
team’s disqualification (30) later on. (25)người hâm mộ quá khích
In conclusion, the pros of enhancing one’s health and promoting (26)làm loạn
solidarity (31) for the nation co-exist with the cons of potential injuries (27)phá hoại
and hooligans’ riotous (32) activities. (28)màn trình diễn thiếu thuyết
phục
(29)không may mắn
(30)sự bị loại
(31)tình đoàn kết
(32)làm xáo trộn, huyên náo

3.2015-2016:
In about 200-250 words, write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the
modern world.
Humans of all time and ages have evolved so as to ameliorate (1) the TỪ VỰNG
society they live in: therefore, it might be safe to claim that the modern
world as it is today-as the latest outcome of human advancement, (1) cải thiện
brings about favorable benefits for people. On the other hand (2), along (2) mặt khác
with such improvements, the emergence of certain drawbacks is (3) không thể tránh được
inevitable (3). In order to offer a more elaborate (4) insight, both (4) chi tiết
advantages as well as downsides of today’s modern society will be (5) lợi ích
discussed below. (6) vượt trội
It would be difficult to argue with the opinion that living in people (7) được phù hộ với
contemporary society has its perks (5), for the modern world provides (8) bắt gặp
people with the convenience of cutting-edge (6) technology, as well as (9) nhờ sự giúp đỡ của
room for individual development. Over time, as humans have (10) phương tiện giao thông
unceassingly found measures to further enhance their quality of life, (11) trên hết
today’s world is blessed with (7) numerous technological innovations (12) cách nhìn cởi mở
which effectively serve their purpose of conquering all possible (13) không phân biệt đối xử
obstacles one may encounter (8) in daily life. With the aid of (9) (14) có ác cảm
modern means of transportation (10), novel electronic devices, as well (15) suy thoái đạo đức
as numerous convenient applications of social media, connecting to (16) do đó
other people and acquiring new information have never been easier. (17) vô tình
On top of that (11), the majority of modern communities are often (18) tiêu chuẩn
open-minded (12) and non-discriminatory (13), which allows freedom (19) lạm dụng lời nói và công
for every single person to choose the lifestyle of their own preference. nghệ
Most people of today’s society are not quick to judge, hence they (20) bất lịch sự
seldom hold grudges against (14) others for different skin-colors, (21) thái độ thù địch
genders or sexual orientations. The modern world today allows people
to live as equals, free of old-fashioned prejudices, and hence, it offers
them a higher quality of life.
On the other hand, over-dependence on technology and moral
degeneration (15) are undeniably negative consequences of
modernization. As much as technological advancements have eased the
lives of many, people also rely heavily on them and thus, might
become unable to perform independently of technological applications.
For example, nowadays, direct interactions and face-to-face
conversations have gradually become less common with the advent of
(16) modern communication platforms. Not only that, the personal
freedom that today’s modern society promotes has also involuntarily
(17) led to the violation of social norms (18). Under the excuse of
“freedom of speech”, there are individuals who have committed verbal
and cyber abuse (19), expressing extreme discourtesy (20) and
provoking hostility (21) among the community. It is not surprising to
witness such unfortunate circumstances in the modern world anymore.
All in all, from the content presented above, it might be fair to
conclude that for every advantage of living in a modern world, there is
a corresponding drawback. Modernization has not only gifted humans
with more convenience and freedom in life, but also triggered the risk
of overdependence on technology and the degradation of morality.

4. 2016-2017:
“The ASEAN Children Festival 2016 helps children from ASEAN countries to further understand
one another. To what extent do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.
Global events like the ASEAN Children Festival 2016 are expanding TỪ VỰNG
worldwide with the aim of boosting (1) both cultural understanding
among future global citizens and the reputation of participating (1) đẩy mạnh
countries. Although I agree with the collective (2) goal of international (2) tập thể
celebrations, mutual understanding is seldom the outcome (3). (3) kết quả
For one, such a festival provides a prominent (4) platform on which (4) nổi bật
national identities are promoted (5). Young ASEAN participants can (5) đẩy mạnh
learn about neighboring countries’ customs and traditions by (6) khác nhau
communicating with peers coming from diverse (6) parts of the world. (7) vô cùng, to lớn
Traditional costumes, language, or art forms, for example, are strong (8) chung
displays of a country’s culture that are intensely (7) promoted (9) có khuynh hướng
throughout the ASEAN Children Festival 2016 in forums, exhibitions (10) thoáng qua
and art shows. It was a great opportunity offering young ASEAN- (11) sự hòa hợp
based citizens cultural exchange and thereby, enhancing mutual (8) (12) người tham gia
understanding among participants. (13) thấm nhuần
However, international events, no matter how big they are, tend to (9) (14) thành công
be fleeting (10) and this aforementioned festival is not believed to be (15) khoảng thời gian tổ chức
an exception. Such an occasion is not likely to be able to create a
secure harmony (11) among countries as it does not last long enough
for partakers (12) to form long-lasting impressions. If all participants
had been gathered for a longer period, two weeks or more for example,
it would have been more feasible for them to be impregnated with (13)
vibrant cultures instead of a couple of days like this.
In conclusion, an international event like the ASEAN Children Festival
2016 might enhance solidarity, therefore deepening understanding
among regional children. However, whether international gatherings
are fruitful (14) or not should also be taken into consideration due to
the limited time span (15).

5. 2017-2018:
Some people say that poor students or students who come from rural areas often find it difficult to
have access to university education. What should be done to solve this problem? Give reasons for
your answer. You should write at least 250 words in this space.
In this day and age, it has become the norm (1) for students from rural TỪ VỰNG
areas or people without sufficient financial resources to give up on
university education, resulting in the reduction in opportunities for (1) bình thường
such individuals to find jobs with desirable salaries and to improve the (2) xảy ra
quality of their lives. Such unfortunate circumstances do not befall (2) (3) biện pháp giải quyết
without cause and for this concerning issue, there should also be (4) khiêm nhường
countermeasures (3), as I will humbly (4) suggest below. (5) cản trở
Since the high cost of university education is one of the major (6) sự cắt giảm
obstacles hindering (5) some students from gaining access to college, a (7) hứng, gánh chịu, gánh vác
reasonable cutback (6) in tuition fees might be an effective solution to (8) to lớn
this problem. College students typically have to shoulder (7) the (9) sự giảm xuống
burden of paying for transportation, renting and other daily life (10) túng thiếu
necessities. Thus, having a considerable amount of tuition fees added (11) hợp lý
to the list is undoubtedly a considerable (8) challenge which not (12) được tiêu chuẩn hóa
everyone, especially those bearing financial problems, would take. (13) nghèo
Under such circumstances, downsizing (9) the university tuition fees (14) sau trung học
for impecunious (10) students would be a great encouragement for
them to pursue higher education.
Another plausible (11) solution to provide more opportunities for rural
students to receive post-secondary education might be to establish
more universities in their community. The majority of universities with
distinguished reputation are located in big cities. Thus, the trouble of
having to travel long distances or live far away from home in order to
attend courses might remove the option of going to college from these
students’ future plans. Therefore, setting up universities with
standardized (12) lecturers and curriculum in rural areas would
probably encourage students to apply for colleges.
To sum up, financial problems and a shortage of rural universities are
possible explanations why poor students or students from rural areas
encounter difficulties in having access to college. It is, therefore,
advisable that there should be a reduction in tuition fees for
impoverished (13) students as well as the foundation of more colleges
in rural areas in order to guarantee comprehensive post-secondary (14)
education for anyone who wishes to receive it.

6. 2018-2019:
Some schools offer courses on the Internet so people can study online. Is this a positive or negative
trend? Use your own reasons and arguments to write an essay of 250 words about this topic.
With new developments in technology and increased access to the TỪ VỰNG
Internet, there is a growing trend (1) towards online learning. The
increased popularity of virtual courses has both its advantages and (1) xu hướng gia tăng
disadvantages due to the following reasons. (2) phong trào, xu hướng
Various benefits are associated with the act of studying online. (3) mối bận tâm
Firstand foremost, this cult (2) may boost further education access. (4) sự nuôi con
With just a few clicks, learners can engage with a wealth of knowledge (5) hàng đàn, lũ lượt
from the comfort of their homes. This way, just about anybody can (6) tràn lan
study, regardless of one’s residence in remote regions or schedule (7) nâng cao vị thế của cơ sở
plagued with other commitments (3) such as work or childrearing (4). giáo dục
Secondly, the schools’ status is likely to be elevated once online (8) đi kèm với
courses are introduced. Following a successful implementation of (9) dễ bị tổn thương, hứng chịu
online curricula, an influx (5) of applicants might share positive (10) có tinh thần tự giác
comments lavishly (6), which raises the institutions’ profile (7) and in (11) giữa các cá nhân với nhau
turn attracts learners who are willing to pay tuition fees, yielding (12) cực kì quan trọng cho
substantial revenue for the institution. (13) cách ly
Nevertheless, despite the aforementioned advantages, online learning (14) mang tính phụ trợ
comes with its share of (8) problems. For one thing, online courses (15) gắn với
may not be suitable for all learners, studying without the same kind of (16) việc học ở trường
supervision given to students in physical classrooms, online learners
may be more vulnerable (9) to the various distractions prevalent on the
Internet. Thus, only self-disciplined (10) individuals may fully benefit
from their online courses. Furthermore, online learning may suffer
from a lack of interpersonal (11) communication characteristic of the
more traditional forms of education. Discussion and real-life
interaction are crucial (12) not only to academic achievement but also
to personal growth and social development. By physically isolating
(13) students from their teachers and from one another, online courses
may prevent these kinds of supplementary (14) learning.
In conclusion, the development of online courses is both a positive and
a negative trend. While online education makes learning more
accessible and profitable, it is insufficient in terms of dealing with
various types of learners, as well as in failing to offer the full scale of
developmental benefits attached to (15) schooling (16).
7. 2019-2020:
Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today.
What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to
tackle the issue?
Records of recent soars (1) in atmospheric temperature have provided TỪ VỰNG
a daunting (2) prospect of global warming, a sure signal of an
impending (3) doom (4) for human beings unless drastic steps are (1) sự tăng vọt
deployed (5). In order to implement measures, catalysts of global (2) gây nản lòng
warming should also be taken into account. (3) sắp đến
To begin with, the precipitous (6) rise in temperature observed over the (4) sự diệt vong
last decades is likely due to multiple factors. For the most part, human (5) triển khai
activities are responsible for the continuation (7) of the warming trend. (6) đột ngột, cực nhanh
It is through the burning of fossil fuels for generation of power, (7) sự tiếp tục
farming and deforestation that greenhouse gases, the leading culprits of (8) chấm dứt
temperature rise, are produced. However, some parts of the recorded (9) không lay chuyển được
climatic changes are also a reflection of natural variations in the (10) quy định
climate system. This can be illustrated with factors such as the sun, (11) sự hạn chế
cloud, volcanic eruptions and changes in the orbit of the Earth. (12) chủ động
Concerted efforts on multiple fronts is needed to address global (13) rõ ràng
warming. In the long term, eliminating greenhouse emissions is the (14) do con người kích thích
only sustainable solution for halting (8) the inexorable (9) warming of (15) cấp bách
the planet. Equally crucial is attempts on the part of policy makers to
enforce more severe laws mandating (10) restrictions (11) on the
amount carbon-dioxide emitted by large corporations. Research into
renewable energy reservoirs in replacement of fossil fuel will, in
addition, be a proactive (12) approach. At the same time, it is
unquestionably (13) individuals’ accountability to ameliorate climatic
footprint left through routine activities such as transportation or
consumption habits.
In conclusion, the currently inexorable warming of the planet concerns
itself with not only human-induced (14) activities but also causes in
nature. Although solutions to the catastrophe vary depending on each
nation’s situation, actions on global scale are imperative (15).

8. 2020-2021:
Some teenagers spend more time reading books, while others prefer to I read online newspapers.
The former group is likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of
language skills. Do you agree or disagree? In about 250 words, use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer
The unlimited availability of information on modern digital platforms TỪ VỰNG
has been alleaed to obviate (1) the teenagers’ need for physical books.
While many appreciate the conveniences of online newspapers, (1)xóa bỏ
I side with (2) avid book fans believing that being immersed in (3) (2) ủng hộ
books is more conducive to inspiring vivid imagination and upgrading (3) say mê
language skills. (4) vốn đã từ trước
To start, I would argue that books are inherently (4) superior to (5) (5) vượt trội hơn
online newspapers when it comes to sparking (6) fertile (7) (6) kích thích
imagination. Particularly, the maiority of information-packed (8) (7) phong phú
books are likely to let readers’ imagination run riot (9) in the absence (8) đầy thông tin
of illustrative (10) images, which are, however, abundant on online (9) bay xa (trí tưởng tượng),
newspapers. Accordingly, book readers are geared towards (11) thỏa sức tung hoành
picturing in their mind how the plots unfold, how the characters (10) mang tính minh họa
develop, to name but a few (12). In contrast, the plentiful supply of (11) được định hướng
illustrations on online newspapers may wield adverse influences (12) vân vân
on readers’ creativity. (13) cùng với
In conjunction with (13) this intellectual boost, in all probability (14), (14) nhiều khả năng là
learners’ language proficiency will be developed more thanks to (15) dồi dào
books. This stands to reason that there exists a bountiful (15) supply of (16) học lỏm
reference books on the market. Books on developing language skills, (17) tôi chắc chắn rằng
ranging from vocabulary, grammar to productive and receptive skills,
namely speaking, writing, listening and reading, are readily available,
enabling learners to practice at their own pace. On the contrary, the
only way newspaper readers may benefit is picking up (16) new words
from online sources and memorizing them without being able to
practice other above-mentioned skills. In fact, newspapers are
primarily designed to captivate readers’ attention without any
academic purposes.
After all, it is my firm conviction (17) that traditional paper-based
format takes precedence over screen-based media when learners desire
to have their imagination and language skills boosted.
II Đề thi THPT chuyên, Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ ĐH Quốc gia Hà Nội
1. 2017-2018:
Write an essay with at least 250 words about the consequences of plastic bags and how to solve this
problem?
Although scientists advise people against using plastic bags due to their TỪ VỰNG
non-biodegradable nature, they are still a part of our daily life owing to
their convenience. As plastic bags are capable of causing several (1) khó phân hủy
detrimental (2) impacts on the environment, the ecosystem (3) and on (2) có hại
human themselves, it is high time that the government as well as every (3) hệ sinh thái
single individual took action to reduce the use of them. (4) chung sống
Not only are plastic bags harmful to the natural habitat (5) as well as its (5) môi trường sống
inhabitants (6), they can also cause catastrophic (7) consequences to (6) dân cư
humans who frequently use them. Once being disposed of, plastic bags (7) tác hại nặng nề
often take centuries to completely decompose, which is likely to pose (8) đặt ra
(8) a grave threat (9) to unfortunate animals were they to accidentally (9) mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng
consume the material. If cast (10) into the ocean, plastic bags can be (10) vứt
mistaken for jelly fishes. They may be swallowed by marine life when (11) cả cuộc đời
they can take a lifetime (11) to decompose, eventually hindering the (12) bờ vực của cái chết
animals’ digestive processes and pushing them to the brink of death (13) sự ngạt thở
(12). On top of that, plastic bags can also have negative influence on (14) thiếu đi sự quan tâm của
human health as they can cause suffocation (13) in the absence of phụ huynh
parental supervision (14). Furthermore, the lead contained in vibrant- (15) màu nổi
colored (15) plastic bags can toxicate (16) its content and adversely (16) làm nhiễm độc
affect the users’ health. (17) sự cải thiện
Upsetting as these facts are, the circumstances are still open to (18) trước tiên
amelioration (17) through appropriate solutions. First and foremost (18). (19) thân thiện với môi trường
responsible authorities should make more of an effort to further (20) có thể bị làm thối rữa, tan
establish the knowledge of the harmfulness of plastic bags to enhance trong tự nhiên
people’s awareness and encourage consumers to replace plastic bags (21) chặt chẽ
with eco-friendly (19) shopping ones made of cloth, paper or other (22) ống nước
biodegradable (20) materials. In addition, the security of the waste (23) nhiễm độc
system should be tightened (21) so that plastic bags are not tossed into
water drains (22) and cannot make their way into the ocean anymore.
Last but not least, there should be a reduction or a ban of colored plastic
bags so as to lessen the rate of consumers being poisoned (23).
To sum up, despite the fact that the aforementioned suggestions are all
part of a rather long-term campaign, the authorities, as well as
consumers, should all put effort into minimizing the use of plastic bags
for, they are damaging to the eco-system as well as humans’health.

2. 2018-2019:
Since July 1st 2017, parents must ask their children’s permission before uploading their pictures on
social networks. What is your opinion about the effectiveness and necessity of this regulation?
With many users displaying personal photos online heedless of (1) TỪ VỰNG
potential risks as to nefarious (2) uses of private information, authorities
have made children’s permission an obligation before having their (1) lơ là
photos posted. From my perspective, I feel that this policy is far from (2) đáng ghê tởm
viable (3) in tackling identity theft and accordingly unnecessary. (3) có thể tồn tại được, hợp lí.
There is little to argue (4) that most Internet users today are vulnerable (4) rõ ràng là
to unsettling (5) intrusion (6) of privacy In fact, regardless of how many (5) đáng lo
photos people deliberately choose to upload, people have been (6) sự xâm phạm
photographed by omnipresent (7) traffic cameras and unmanned (8) (7) ở khắp mọi nơi
aerial vehicles cluttering (9) the sky such as satellites, or drones. (8) không người lái
Additionally, going online equals agreeing to disclose (10) data. This (9) làm huyên náo, đông đúc
has been alleged by Internet monopolies (11) namely Google or (10) tiết lộ
Facebook to have put users’ data at the disposal of (12) large (11) đế chế độc quyền
corporations whose ultimate goal is manipulating (13) customers’ (12) tùy ý sử dụng
decisions to yield massive (14) profit. In light of (15) this. I hardly find (13) thao túng
a willful (16) suspension (17) of uploading children's photo adequate in (14) khổng lồ
securing personal information. (15) khi xét vấn đề này
Secondly, I believe it is the parents that are most self-conscious about (16) cố ý
their chances of falling victims of cybercrimes. Having chosen to (17) sự cấm đoán
participate in social platforms, there is no doubt they will present (18) sự tiết lộ
information of their offspring with due diligence and sophistication. (19) sự đồng thuận
What is more, permitted disclosure (18) of personal information is an (20) sự bất cẩn, sự coi thường,
essence as far as human right is concerned. Therefore, a specific liều lĩnh
regulation dictating parents to ask for consent (19) will somehow imply (21) kích động, làm dấy lên
recklessness (20), which will very likely arouse (21) revolt (22) rather (22) cuộc nổi dậy
than compliance (23) from parents. Instead, it would be more justifiable (23) sự đồng thuận
(24) if training proarams to heighten (25) responsibility of online (24) có thể lí giải được
participants are introduced to the public. (25) nâng cao
In summary, 1 hold that a mere picture of a child can reveal much less (26) rút ra được
than the amount of data the authorities are capable to retrieve (26) from (27) sự áp dụng, thực thi luật
Internet users. For this reason, an enforcement (27) commanding parents (28) phá luật, vi phạm
to ask for their child’s consent before uploading their photo for fear of (29) vô ích
breaching (28) the right of privacy is futile (29).

3. 2019-2020
Write an essay of at least 250 words to discuss the importance of selfstudying.
Contemporary societies have recorded a rise in debate over the TỪ VỰNG
significance of learner’s autonomy (1). I firmly hold that the ability to
learn with volition (2) serves as the mainstay (3) towards a more (1) sự tự giác
compelling learning experience and greater sense of self-actualization (2) ý muốn
(4). (3) điều quan trọng nhất
To start, an effective acquisition of knowledge is the most desirable (4) sự tự biến thành hiện thực
virtue learners can achieve through self-directed (5) learning. This (5) tự định hướng
stands to reason that the students who are most aware of their learning (6) cùng chí hướng
styles can customize their academic strategies most aligned with (7) mối tương quan
personal preferences and values. If, for example, one feels more (8) tự tạo động lực
engaged in interaction with others on a subject, working with like- (9) gắn vào
minded (6) coursemates may be the optimal approach for his or her (10) cả đời
learning. (11) thực chất
A further value attached to high autonomy is its lasting influence on (12) tò mò, thích tìm hiểu
one’s sense of self-growth. Recent studies have established a strong (13) trong bối cành
correlation (7) between self-initiated (8) learning and personal (14) không ngừng
satisfaction in many life aspects. In fact, the desire to acquire knowledge (15) được cho là quan trọng
is deemed embedded in (9) human’s psyche. This renders lifelong (10) (16) quyết tâm
learning not only a reward per se (11), accommodating human’s (17) siêu nhận thức
inquisitive (12) nature, but also the key to spiritual fulfillment.
Lastly, higher employability is one undeniable perk of having
ownership over learning. In the midst of (13) ceaseless (14)
technological advances replacing myriads of manual job tasks, low-level
cognitive skills such as rote memorization or repetitive information
processing will soon be no longer in demand. Instead, high order
thinking skills involving critical thinking, creativity, and self-reflection
will be put premium on (15) by future recruiters. Self-determined (16)
learning which fosters those metacognitive (17) qualities will, therefore,
be highly desirable at the workplace.
In conclusion, the ability to learn over a lifetime boasts an infinite list of
values including effective learning process, prolonged mental health and
more employment opportunities. With all the virtue it brings, self-
studying tactics are supposed to be integrated into the school curriculum
at an early stage.

4. 2020-2021:
In entrance exams to high school, besides Math and Literature, candidates are required to answer
test questions about other subjects like Physics, Chemistry, History, Geography and Civic
Education. What is your opinion about this way of testing?
In education today, admission tests are of overwhelming (1) importance TỪ VỰNG
in recruiting potentially eligible students to high schools. The method of
incorporating subjects of both natural science and social science subjects (1) cực kỳ
alongside compulsory subjects like Maths and Literature, has been in (2) bài kiểm tra chất lượng
practice. From my perspective, this testing procedure offers both merits (3) toàn diện
and demerits. (4) làm thấm nhuần
On the one hand, implementing an aptitude test (2) in this way is likely (5) hay thay đổi
to assist students in becoming well-rounded (3) ones. Instead of placing (6) khó nhằn
a greater emphasis on only core subjects, namely Maths and Literature, (7) bị tước đoạt mất
learners are expected to instill (4) extensive knowledge gained from a (8) cực giỏi
wide variety of subjects into themselves. Furthermore, when students (9) khó vượt qua
have finished high school and tertiary education later, their background (10) theo phe
knowledge is likely to be advanced to handle the erratic (5) nature of the (11) thúc ép
workplace where extensive knowledge in many fields is a must.
On the other hand, the testing process seems gruelling (6) to the
majority of students. There is no denying that individuals are bereft of
(7) the time devoted to their social life and relaxation. For instance, in
addition to compulsory education at their educational institutions during
the working hours, students are inclined to join cram classes to hone
their study skills, let alone being given assignments to complete in the
evening. In addition, hardly anyone can excel at (8) every academic
subject.
Therefore, forcing students to constitute a reservoir of knowledge
related to all seven subjects before the day of testing presents a
formidable (9) challenge for them to overcome.
In conclusion, each way of testing is associated with different pros and
cons but I lean towards (10) the idea of checking students’ knowledge
through core subjects only as opposed to railroading (11) test-takers into
sitting for too many exams.

III. MỘT SỐ ĐỀ KHÁC

Chủ đề 1.
Many people prefer to watch foreign films than locally produced films. Why could this be? Should
governments give more financial support to local film industries?
In today’s world, thanks to globalization, cultural exchange has TỪ VỰNG
transpired (1) in every aspect of life, one significant component of
which is the increased availability of foreign films which compete with (1) diễn ra, xảy ra
local films for viewers’ attention. This essay will discuss in detail the (2) ẩn sau
underlying (2) reasons why imported films are favored and whether the (3) hỗ trợ, trợ cấp
government should subsidize (3) the local film industry. (4) vì
Several reasons account for audiences’ prioritizing foreign films. (5) vượt xa
Firstly, it cannot be denied that by courtesy of (4) substantial investment (6) có xu hướng
in the production process, foreign films transcend (5) local ones in terms (7) trải qua quy trình kiểm
of deep content and splendid cast. For instance, blockbusters “Avatar” duyệt nghiêm ngặt
and “Titanic”, featuring such glamorous actors and actresses as Sam (8) gây bối rối
Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Leonardo DiCarpio, and Kate Winslet, do (9) viện tới
excel in content compared to locally produced films whose plots are not (10) sự vượt trội
appreciated, particularly “Teo Em” and “Em Chua 18” in spite of
starring numerous gorgeous celebrities, namely Thai Hoa, Johnny Tri
Nguyen, and Kaity Nguyen. Secondly, the conversations in foreign
cinematic productions are inclined to (6) be more realistic, reflecting
real life closely, whereas those released in Vietnam, both at the movie
theater and on TV, have to undergo stringent censorship procedures (7),
baffling (8) viewers when they listen to the conversation between two
characters.
Despite these challenges, in my opinion, internal film makers should try
to compete with external competitors without the government
assistance. The government’s capital ought to fund other more essential
projects such as raising living standards. In the long run, building
bridges for citizens in remote regions and reasonable homes for low
income civilians instead of investing in entertainment like the film
industry will prove to be a wiser economic strategy. To be competitive,
native film producers may resort to (9) seeking sponsorship from the
private sector to obtain funds in exchange for advertising the latter’s
products. In that way, not only would film makers benefit from the
funds but the enterprises would also have another platform to approach
potential customers.
In conclusion, the admirable quality of foreign films, in particular their
meaningful content, mesmerizing cast and authentic conversations are
what determines their superiority (10) over local films. Nevertheless, the
local film industry should try to cope with the massive invasion of
foreign products on its own because the government’s priority should be
to improve people’s living standards in the long term. This should not
discourage local film makers from creating their art, because funds can
be attained from the private sector.

Chủ đề 2.
(IELTS 5/6/2016) Nowadays, young people admire stars though they often do not set a good
example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
In today’s world, it is trendy (1) for youngsters to worship mass media TỪ VỰNG
celebrities irrespective of (2) their notoriously (3) bad behavior. In my
view, this is both a positive and negative trend. (1) theo xu hướng
On the one hand, it cannot be denied that looking up to public figures (2) bất chấp
provides certain advantages. Firstly, a star’s strenuous (4) path to (3) tai tiếng
success may be inspiration for his or her fans to derive valuable lessons (4) khó nhọc
from. Particularly, the followers may learn how to follow in their idol’s (5) Làm theo thần tượng
footsteps (5) to attempt seemingly insurmountable (6) obstacles and (6) không thể cân đong đo đếm
climb the ladder of success (7). Secondly, an idol is inclined to be a (7) leo lên nấc thang thành
source of entertainment. For example, fans of Son Tung MTP can công
tirelessly (8) listen to his songs and repeat them without hesitation for (8) không mệt mỏi
the purpose of relaxation. (9) năm tháng hình thành nhân
On the other hand, it should be mentioned that admiring stars has certain cách
drawbacks. Initially, a star may act like a model for children, especially (10) dễ bị ảnh hưởng
those in formative years (9), to imitate. Once he or she is involved in (11) có xu hướng
social problems, the young fans may mimic the actions and commit (12) bị vấy bẩn
crimes as well due to their impressionable (10) age. In addition, those (13) trước
who have high expectations of celebrities are predisposed (11) to losing (14) kiên cường
belief in social values once the star’s reputation is stained with (12) (15) tinh thần thể thao cao
scandals. For example, Lance Amstrong, an eight-time champion of thượng
Tour de France, was found guilty of doping usage and banned for (16) sự mất đi vị thế
competing in the race for life. Prior to (13) the controversy, he was (17) mọi giới trong xã hội
respected as a resilient (14) athlete with magnanimous sportsmanship (18) tỏ lòng tôn kính quá mức
(15) who managed to overcome cancer. His fall from grace (16)
shocked his supporters who were people from all walks of life (17).
In conclusion, paying excess homage to (18) stars in the entertainment
industry is both a positive and a negative development.

Chủ đề 3.
(IELTS 8/6/2017) Some people say that it is possible for a country to be both economically
successful and have a clean environment, others disagree. Discuss both view and give your opinion.
Bolstering (1) the economy is the priority (2) of any nation, which may TỪ VỰNG
be attained (3) at the expense of (4) environmental pollution. Although
there are opponents to the idea of the co-existence of the two elements, (1) tăng cường phát triển
I am firmly of the opinion that balancing economic development and (2) sự ưu tiên
environmental conservation is viable (5). (3) đạt được
On the one hand, numerous (6) arguments have been raised to doubt the (4) đánh đổi bằng
feasibility of the development of an economy in accordance with (7) the (5) có thể tồn tại được
protection of environment. Firstly, to ensure the efficiency (8) of heavy (6) nhiều
industry operation such as coal and steel, the manufacturers are (7) hòa hợp với
predisposed to generating tons of industrial waste, which is is an (8) tính hiệu quả
unavoidable (9) part of any production process. It is disposed directly to (9) không thể tránh được
the surrounding areas and causes environmental contamination on a (10) vượt xa
massive scale. Secondly, the cost of maintaining a healthy environment (11) thúc đẩy
is believed to surpass (10) that of industrial production. Fostering (11) a (12) vững mạnh
clean environment is somehow considered unbeneficial and (13) sự cân bằng
unprofitable to most manufacturers. On the other hand, advocates of the (14) quan trọng nhất là
balance of a robust (12) economy and a clean environment have their (15) bất chấp
own justification. (16) sự xâm hại môi trường
The supporters of such equilibrium (13) could argue that although the (17) dung thứ
initial cost of both heavy industry and environmental protection is high, (18) vô vàn
it is of utmost importance (14) for any industrial enterprises to save the (19) có hại
environment to receive the support of local residents and the (20) khả thi
government as a whole in the long run. Otherwise, regardless of (15)
whatever economic achievements the enterprises may offer,
environmental violation (16) will not be tolerated (17) as the world is
gradually becoming more aware of the necessity of environmental
preservation. In the case of Formosa, one of the biggest worldwide steel
manufacturers, myriads (18) of law cases and protests have been
witnessed against this company by the citizens of Ha Tinh due to their
release of extremely deleterious (19) contaminants into the sea.
In conclusion, though the issue of whether a clean environment and a
prosperous economy can co-exist still remains controversial, I am in
favour of the opinion that simultaneity of the two is feasible (20).

Chủ đề 4.
Many people believe that students in remote areas should be given bonus points in the national
graduation exam, others believe that no one should have that advantage. Discuss both points and
give your opinion?
Regarding the national graduation exam, a matter of heated debate has TỪ VỰNG
arisen as contestants from remote areas are given high bonus points,
which have raised considerable objection from those who do not get to (1) đặc quyền
receive such a privilege (1). While advocates (2) of this policy believe (2) người ủng hộ
in its positive influences on rural students, others, including me, (3) phản đối
strongly protest (3) against the decision, for its disadvantages might (4) vượt trội hơn
outweigh (4) the expected benefits. (5) lý lẽ
Supporters of the policy of extra points do not reinforce their argument (6) minh chứng
without reasonable justification (5). A vindication (6) of theirs is that (7) gặp nhiều khó khăn
bonus points might provide competitors from underprivileged (7) (8) bù cho
conditions with finer opportunities to pursue their studies. It is widely (9) sự gian khó
assumed that learners from remote areas often suffer from financial (10) lập luận ngược
problems and a lack of educuational facilities as well as reference (11) cho biết
resources. Hence, receiving extra points would help them compensate (12) (có thể) cản trở
(8) for the hardships (9) they have had to endure, bridging the rich - (13) sự bất công
poor gap. (14) trội hơn
Advocates of the counter-argument (10) indicate (11) that despite the (15) tốt hơn
possible benefits, the policy might obstruct (12) urban contestants from (16) theo quan điểm
reaching their goals. The scheme of bonus points is likely to build (17) đô thị
injustice (13) within the process of the national exam. Extra points may (18) có thành kiến
help rural students to successfully enroll in college, surpassing (14) (19) điều bất lợi
urban competitors who might be superior (15) in terms of (16) their (20) trái với
academic ability. Furthermore, refusal to grant metropolitan (17) (21) trội hơn
students bonus points is highly prejudiced (18). There are certainly a (22) xây dựng, bồi đắp
great number of students living in cities who suffer from poverty and (23) công bằng
academic handicaps (19) but they are ineligible for supporting points.
Nevertheless, this might contradict (20) the policy’s sole purpose of
providing fairness and equality for all applicants.
All in all, although there are undeniable advantages resulting from the
bonus points scheme, its outdone (21) drawbacks Suggest that the
policy needs further revision to foster (22) a more equitable (23) and
academically competitive environment in the future.
Chủ đề 5.
Child abuse is happening everywhere. What are the consequences and solutions to it?
As one of the most distressing (1) issues of recent concern, child abuse TỪ VỰNG
has generated tremendous (2) unease (3) in society, especially among
parents, for its pernicious (4) impact. In response to (5) the detrimental (1) lo lắng
(6) consequences of such immoral (7) act, relevant (8) solutions must be (2) khủng khiếp
employed. (3) sự bất ổn
Following vicious acts of violence towards young and vulnerable (9) (4) nguy hại
victims are horrific outcomes (10). The abused undoubtedly have to (5) đáp lại
bear extreme sufferings both physically and mentally. Besides the (6) thiệt hại
visible bodily harm which might lead to further severe sequelae (11), a (7) đồi bại
child that has experienced violation is likely to develop insecurities and (8) thích hợp
trauma (12). resulting in later behavioral problems. In addition, child (9) dễ bị tấn công
abuse also has negative impacts on children’s parents and guardians. (10) những hậu quả kinh khủng
Since the misconduct (13) could be carried out by even relatives and (11) di chứng
acquaintances, people grow distrust towards others out of over- (12) tổn thương
protectiveness (14) for their off-spring (15), which may cause (13) hành vi xấu
misunderstanding and harmful effects to relationships. (14) bảo vệ quá mức cần thiết
As malicious (16) as it is, this alarming phenomenon could be battled (15) con đẻ
against (17) with appropriate solutions. First and foremost, parents (16) hiểm độc
should equip their children with necessary soft skills so as to instruct (17) chống lại
them self-defense (18) skills, as well as encourage them to alert adults (18) phòng vệ
when there are any signs of maltreatment (19) from others. Moreover, it (19) sự ngược đãi
is a responsibility of the government to put forward more justifiable (20) có hại
penalties for the crime of child abuse in order to hinder the growth of (21) dừng lại
this crime. The government should also enhance domestic childcare
centers in order to detect any attempt of violation towards children.
All in all, it takes effort from both children caretakers and the
authorities to minimize the deleterious (20) consequences of child
abuse, and with proper solutions such a heinous crime could be
halted(21)

Chủ đề 6.
Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social
relationships. Do you agree or disagree?
Today, the advancement of technology in the field of communication TỪ VỰNG
has recently encountered condemnation (1) from some individuals who
argue that it has harmful influences on social relationships. While it (1) sự chê trách, kết tội
remains undeniable that modern communication technology does bring (2) mang đến
about (2) some disadvantages, it is a belief of mine that the benefits that (3) chiếm ưu thế
it offers outweigh (3) its drawbacks. (4) giảm bớt
One of the criticisms of advances in technological communication is (5) ảo
that it diminishes (4) the users’ social skills. According to supporters of (6) sự thờ ơ
this view, as the dependence of people on technology grows, they will (7) sự tương tác đời thực
gradually narrow their connection down to virtual (5) conversations and (8) giảm sút
neglect (6) real-life interactions (7), leading to the degradation (8) of (9) phép xã giao
societal etiquettes (9) and rifts (10) in personal relationships. With the (10) rạn nứt
convenience of (11) new high-tech communication devices such as (11) nhờ lợi ích của
smart phones and chatting applications like Viber, Line or Facebook, (12) rõ ràng
users may no longer have a demand for face-to-face communication, (13) quan hệ xã hội
which is a detrimental misfortune that modern technology generates. (14) khắc phục
Despite its inevitable downsides, it is indubitable (12) that innovations (15) mối quan hệ trong khoảng
in communication technology have been providing people with cách xa
significant benefits. First of all, modern technological innovations save (16) nói chuyện
time for users when it comes to communication purposes. Instead of (17) dễ dàng
having to wait for days for a letter to be delivered, people can now (18) nói chung
conveniently send messages within seconds by using e-mail or (19) sự cải thiện
Facebook. (20) ảnh hưởng nhiều hơn
Additionally, people can also extend their social relations (13) thanks to
modern applications.With social networking services like Twitter and
Instagram, users can connect to others with the same interests and make
friends from all over the world. Furthermore, communication
technology helps tackle (14) the difficulties in long-distance
relationships (15). People in different regions can converse (16)
effortlessly (17) through virtual connections with applications such as
Facetime or Skype.
All in all (18), even though it is undeniable that modern communication
technology is disadvantageous to some extent, its contribution to the
bolstering (19) of how we mangage our social relationships has
undoubtedly overshadowed (20) said negativity.

Chủ đề 7.
In many countries, students who behave badly in class are expelled from their schools and never
allowed to return. Many consider this an effective way to educate while others disagree. What is
your opinion?
With the ever-present (1) concern for education and its discipline TỪ VỰNG
protocols (2), the removal of problematic students from schools has
been much debated recently. While many are of the opinion that (1) luôn hiện diện
students who misbehave at school should be expelled and never given a (2) nghi thức
chance to return, others counter that this approach is ineffective. I agree (3) sau
that the latter (3) viewpoint holds more water (4), and I will attempt to (4) vững vàng
prove this point in the following essay. (5) sự đuổi
Primarily, I think expulsion (5) of badly-behaved students from class (6) hành vi không đúng đắn
contradicts the ultimate goal of education. Take the case of a (7) bàn luận
Vietnamese schoolgirl who insulted her teachers on Facebook as an (8) đại học
instance. This pupil’s misconduct (6) implies a problem that needs (9) phủ nhận
tackling (7). However, by removing her from school, not only did the (10) khuyến khích
institution (8) fail to address her issues, but they also negated (9) one of (11) hướng cộng đồng
the educational philosophies which is to foster (10) prosocial (11) (12) quan điểm
behavior. From this perspective (12), it is, thus, obvious that the (13) thô lỗ
expulsion of misbehaving students is hardly a positive approach. (14) hủy hoại
In addition to this, there is no denying that removing ill- mannered (13) (15) làm cho
students from schools undermines (14) the situation and renders (15) (16) sự oán giận
the students worse. In other words, expelled students are more likely to (17) hành vi xấu
end up with antisocial behaviour and become criminals. In fact, those (18) tính phá hoại
who are expelled, in most cases, tend to develop resentment (16) (19) cấp bách
towards school and may commit such misdeeds (17) as vandalism (18), (20) sự phục hồi
shoplifting or drug abuse. Hence, this makes it clear that students’ (21) phá phách
wrongdoings should be addressed and it is imperative (19) that (22) sửa sai
mischievous students receive proper educational rehabilitation (20).
By way of conclusion, from the aforementioned argument, the
expulsion of a student due to misconduct is improper, let alone
devastating (21) to the student’s future. It is, thereby, recommended that
the misbehaved are given opportunities to self-reflect and revamp (22)
their faults but remain in school.

Chủ đề 8.
Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of information, there is no role
for teachers to play in modern education.
Do you agree or disagree?
To date, advances in technology have made tremendous (1) impacts on TỪ VỰNG
teaching and learning to date. However, it is disagreed that computer
and other technological devices have taken the place of (2) teachers in (1) rất lớn
the classroom. The responsibilities that teachers have in the modern (2) thay thế
classroom will be illustrated (3) in this essay. (3) làm rõ
For one, it is an irrefutable fact (4) that a teacher’s role as a leader has (4) không chối cãi được
yet to be abandoned (5). Rather, it has changed towards navigating (6) (5) bị bác bỏ
students’ learning in a more high-tech (7) fashion. For example, modern (6) thông qua
teachers are expected to be computer-literate (8) to the extent (9) that (7) công nghệ cao
they can engage (10) in designing learning materials, assessing (11) (8) có kiến thức về tin học
electronic assignment or conversing (12) online with students. (9) phạm vi
Additionally, it is expected that teachers are able to give guidance to (10) tham gia vào
learners in choosing efficient learning methods or resources. Therefore, (11) đánh giá
in this era (13) of mass information, teachers are required to serve as (12) nói chuyện
facilitators for learners on their path to knowledge. (13) thời kỳ
Furthermore, there is no denying that there still exist certain (14) truyền thống
conventional (14) responsibilities of teachers that are irreplaceable by (15) hiện đại
computers. In fact, computers and other cutting-edge (15) digital (16) phức tạp
devices are unable to perform intricate (16) tasks involved in learning (17) kỹ lưỡng
such as giving in-depth (17) assessments of papers or providing close (18) tranh cãi
supervision of group work. (19) trưởng thành
These tasks can only be properly done by human teachers who best (20) phục vụ cho
know their learners in person.
Additionally, actual teacher-learner interactions will always come in
handy when learners need need advice concerning their personal
problems. It is thereby evident that the role of a teacher in the modern
classroom is crucial.
In conclusion, from the above-mentioned arguments, it is contended
(18) that teachers’ new responsibilities are to instruct learners to explore
potential learning possibilities and to counsel students as they mature
(19). Teachers are, therefore, encouraged to adopt new practices to cater
(20) to students’ uniaue needs and learning styles.

Chủ đề 9.
Some people think that everyone has the right to have access to university education, and that
government should make it free for all students no matter what financial background they have. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
With the widely recognized sianificance of tertiary (1) education, many TỪ VỰNG
 are proposing (2) the idea that this stage (3) of schooling deserves
governmental subsidies (4) in order to allow equal opportunities for all (1) bậc đại học
knowledge seekers (5) regardless of their financial background. (2) đề xuất
Although I concede (6) that there are merits (7) this approach may (3) giai đoạn
bring, there exist some downsides (8) related to educational quality and (4) tiền trợ cấp
workforce (9) balance which need to be acknowledged (10). On the one (5) người đi tìm
hand (11), it is irrefutable (12) that the provision (13) of a free tertiary (6) thừa nhận
education allow many otherwise disadvantaged students to attend (7) giá trị
university. (8) bất lợi
Indeed, this will open doors for more qualified and highly-educated (14) (9) số nhân viên
workforce which will in turn make greater contributions to a nation’s (10) đánh giá đúng
economy. Telling examples for this can be found in countries such as (11) về mặt này
the UK, Sweden, or the US, where the rate of university education is (12) không thể chối cãi được
high. Not only greater number of innovations (15) but also heightened (13) sự cung cấp
productivity growth have been recorded in these nations over the pass (14) có trình độ học vấn cao
few decades. (15) sáng kiến
On the other hand, my primary concerns as regards public expansion of (16) trạng thái căng thẳng
post highschool education are its quality and the balance of the (17) làm trở ngại
workforce might suffer. For one, the widespread availability of tertiary (18) tốc độ
education will undoubtedly put a strain (16) on university resources (19) kìm hãm
including facilities and lecturers. This may very likely impede (17) (20) dẫn tới
acceleration (18) of research let alone constrain (19) proper maintenance (21) không phù hợp với
of this high-demanding instructional system. Furthermore, the rapid rise (22) lao động
in the number of graduates will certainly amount to (20) a shortage of (23) cho rằng
workers with vocational skills, which will be a mismatch with (21) the
actual demand of the labour (22) market.
In conclusion, despite the benefits that free-of-charge university
education may bring to a vast majority of learners, the widespread
availability of this system does pose some concerns. I, however,
contend (23) that it is perhaps more appropriate if students pay part of
the tuition fees as they can also gain financially in the long run.

Chủ đề 10.
Some believe that students should be taught how to compete while others say that they should be
taught to cooperate. What is your opinion?
Itisa highly debatable (1) issue whether children should learn to TỪ VỰNG
compete (2) or cooperate (3) in order to become productive (4)
members of society. In my view, both competition and cooperation are (1) có thể tranh luận
necessary life virtues (5) that children should be equipped with. What is (2) cạnh tranh
more important is to teach children how and when to apply either skill (3) hợp tác
in an appropriate way. (4) tạo ra
On the one hand (6), competition is essential in life. Children can be (5) thói quen tốt
taught to compete when they prepare for exams or when they (6) về mặt này
participate in athletics (7). They have to learn to compete to excel (8) in (7) điền kinh
studies or to win a race or any athletic event. This virtue comes in (8) xuất sắc
handy (9) in adult life. For example, in the business world, competition (9) có ích
is a compulsory part of winning contracts, which may be crucial for (10) mặt khác
one’s promotion later on. (11) bóng chày
On the other hand (10). there are many fields where cooperation is (12) ví dụ như
needed. Children can be taught this virtue on the sports field when they (13) sự điều trị
play team sports like baseball (11) and hockey. They can also be taught (14) bệnh ung thư
cooperation when teachers give them group assignments in studies. This (15) một người làm
virtue also makes them capable adults because they will have to (16) chung
cooperate in many fields of life. For instance, (12) if they work as (17) làm cùng một lúc
scientists to research the treatment (13) of diseases like cancer (14) and (18) người đồng hương
AIDS then it can never be a one- man show (15). Such work requires a (19) hợp nhất
joint (16) effort. Software developers also have to work as a team to (20) hòa hợp cùng nhau
bring benefits to all of us who use technology today. (21) nhận thức, nhận ra
There are also situations where both competition and cooperation are (22) thuộc tính
needed simultaneously (17). For instance, when children do team
sports, they learn to cooperate with their team members, while at the
same time they learn to compete with the rival team. Similarly, in adult
life they have to earn to cooperate with their country-men (18) to
compete with those of other countries. We all know that the modern era
is highly competitive and the big planet Earth has shrunk to a global
village. For example, Indian auto companies have merged (19) to
compete with the long-standing rivals in Germany and Japan.
Therefore, competition and cooperation go hand in hand (20).
In summary, it is clear that children should be taught both - to compete
as well as cooperate and more importantly, they should learn to discern
(21) where in life they have to apply these attributes (22).

Chủ đề 11.
What are the pros and cons of teenagers’ doing a part-time job?
It is a fact that an increasing number of teenagers are pursuing (1) part- TỪ VỰNG
time jobs alongside their studies. Some believe this can interfere (2)
with their study, however others counter (3) that an extra job may allow (1) đi tìm
young students to enhance (4) their life skills. In my opinion, working (2) gây trở ngại
part-time are both advantageous and disadvantageous to teenagers. (3) phản đối
On the one hand (5), a job can disrupt (6) a teenager’s schoolwork. (4) tăng cường
Educational curricula (7) in practically all institutions (8) today are (5) về mặt này
demanding and exhaustive (9). In order to obtain (10) knowledge and (6) làm gián đoạn
keep up with (11) the pace (12) of the pack, one should concentrate and (7)chương trình giảng dạy
work hard, which means striving for full attendance in classes and (8) nơi giảng dạy
effective contribution in group work or projects. It is likely that (9) gây kiệt sức
receiving a glowing (13) academic (14) report while juggling (15) an (10) đạt được
extra job is unviable (16) for students. (11) theo
On the other hand, (17), having a job may provide working teenage (12) tiến triển
students with multiple (18) benefits. One prominent (19) perk of having (13) rực rỡ
a part-time job while studying is that young learners can gain fruitful (14) học thuật
(20) life skills such as time management, interpersonal communication (15) sắp đặt, thu xếp
(21) and teamwork. These virtues will definitely come in handy (22) in (16) không tồn tại được
their future academic pursuits as well. Furthermore, the money earned (17) mặt khác
from an extra job may allow students to cover some of their basic living (18) nhiều
expenses, for example, buying books, going on outings (23) with (19) nổi bật
friends and so forth (24). In addition, a student worker tends to develop (20) có ích
a proper respect for the value of money since he or she knows (21) giao tiếp giữa các cá nhân
how hard it is to earn it. (22) có ích
In summary, from the above-mentioned analysis, having a part-time job (23) cuộc đi chơi
presents both perks (25) and threats for academically-minded teenagers. (24) vân vân
I firmly believe that it should be a personal choice whether a student (25) lợi ích
participates fully and oply in studying or works and studies at the same
time.

Chủ đề 12.
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. Some say this trend is good for the
society while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
With the advancements in medical science in recent years. the TỪ VỰNG
possibility that human lifespans (1) can be prolonged (2) has been a
nerve-racking (3) issue for many people. While some believe that an (1) tuổi thọ
ageing population mav become a burden (4) for younger generations, (2) kéo dài
others counter that they can be of profound (5) benefit to society. I will (3) làm đau đầu
discuss both views in this essay before stating my opinion. (4) gánh nặng
There are good arounds (6) for supporting the idea that the extension (7) (5) có ảnh hưởng sâu rộng
of human life with the help of science is a negative development. (6) lý do
Firstly, a surge (8) in the senior (9) population would not only place a (7) gia hạn
heavy burden on societv but also act as an impediment (10) to (8) sự gia tăng
technological advances. As their mental capacity (11) gradually (9) người lớn tuổi
deteriorates (12) with age, the elderly would find it difficult to keep up (10) điều ngăn trở
with (13) technological advances, therefore making it unlikely for them (11) năng suất
to contribute to socio-economic development. Secondly, yearly (14) (12) kém dần
pension (15) budgets would be likely to increase. This trend would take (13) theo kịp
a toll on (16) the working population who have to pay taxes to support (14) hàng năm
the retired. (15) tiền trợ cấp
On the other hand (17), many are of the opinion that increased life (16) gây hại
expectancy (18) brines ample values (19) to society at large. To (17) mặt khác
illustrate, old generation would be able to share more experiences with (18) tuổi thọ dự tính
young generations, so the youth would benefit from these lessons. (19) nhiều giá trị
Families would likely gain more than sufficient (20) support from the (20) thích đáng
elders and would be able to keep their culture and traditions alive for a (21) lợi ích và bất lợi
longer time. Moreover, many people of advaned years spend their time
helping with household chores and caring for their grandchildren. These
are some reasons why elderly people are valuable notwithstanding their
age. To conclude, the ability to make humans live longer can bring with
it both merits and demerits (21). I personally believe that allowing
people to choose a prolonged lifespan should be supported as long as
policies regarding retirement age and social pension are appropriately
adjusted.

Chủ đề 13.
Nowadays young people spend too much of their free time in shopping malls. Some people fear that
this may have negative effects on young people and the society they live in. What is your opinion?
Shopping malls todav with comprehensive (1) and attractive TỪ VỰNG
commercial and entertainment offerings have become one of the most
frequently visited destinations for an increasing number of young (1) sáng ý
people. Although many doubt that this trend can exert (2) negative (2) gây ra
impact specifically on the youth and society at large, I think otherwise. (3) nâng cao
Shopping in malls is a means to enhance (3) social. Opponents of mall (4) sự đam mê mua sắm quá
shoppers may claim that shopping in a department store is a waste of mức
time.Many are of the opinion that a shopping spree (4) can deprive (5) (5) lấy đi
young individuals of time for physical exercise and social activities. In (6) bối cảnh
my opinion: however, physical activities can take place in a variety (7) đi dạo
of contexts (6) even in a mall. The simple experience of strolling (7) (8) rộng lớn
through a vast (8) shopping mall provides the same exercise benefits as (9) tương tự
walking outside. (10) hấp dẫn
There are advantages associated with shopping under a roof like this, (11) gắn bó
akin (9) to any other social activity, gathering in shopping malls with (12) nhạc sôi động
cafes, shops, cinemas and bowling alleys all rolled into one, has become (13) cái giành được
a compelling (10) guarantee of entertainment and can also cement (11) (14) có liên quan đến nhu cầu
relationships with acquaintances. In addition, I am strongly persuaded thực tế
that shopping in malls can even lighten people’s mood and spark ideas. (15) mang tính trị liệu
Studies have proved that shopping in upbeat background music (12) (16) đang thịnh hành
played in malls can relieve shoppers from stress. It has also been (17) tuyệt vời
suggested that the acquisition (13) of products, be it need-related (14) or (18) phát triển
not, can be therapeutic (15) providing shoppers satisfaction and a sense
of achievement. Furthermore, there are trends in all commercial
products. In this way, going shopping, an approach to stay updated with
what is in vogue (16), is a marvelous (17) source of idea stimulation.
To conclude, despite certain concerns regarding young people’s
fascination with shopping malls, I firmly believe this trend offers
multiple values. Shopping mall with their merits will continue to thrive
(18), catering to those seeking entertainment and socialization.

Chủ đề 14.
It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments such as the
South Pole. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
It is true that setting foot on (1) secluded (2) natural environments, such TỪ VỰNG
as the South Pole, is no longer out of reach (3) for scientists and even
tourists. While I concede (4) that there exist varying advantages from (1) đặt chân lên
this particular activity, It is my serious concern that these benefits are (2) hẻo lánh
outweighed (5) by the drawbacks. (3) ngoài tầm với
On the one hand (6), there are surely several values from exploring (4) thừa nhận
exotic (7) areas on Earth. The possibility of gaining knowledge about (5) có trọng lượng hơn
the world is evidently (8) a major advantage. Specifically (9), explorers (6) về mặt nàỵ
will not only enhance (10) their awareness of different subjects, such as (7) đẹp lạ
geography and biology, but also develop a better understanding of our (8) hiển nhiên
planet. In addition, many uncharted (11) areas may contain potential (9) cụ thể là
resources, which could be of great use in improving human’s living (10) nâng cao
standards. Indeed, the exploration of the Amazon forest has led to the (11) tiềm năng
discovery of herbal medicines that can presumably (12) cure many (12) được cho là
diseases. (13) tham gia
Nevertheless, the disadvantages of embarking on (13) such (14) mang tính đột phá
groundbreaking (14) trips should hardly be overlooked. Firstly, mass (15) hệ thực vật
tourism might harmfully affect regional flora (15) and fauna (16). This (16) hệ động vật
is because careless activities such as littering from excessive hordes (17) đám
(17) of tourists would likely damage their natural ecosystems. (18) chỉ độc nhất
Furthermore, some special locations are widely known for having (19) khả năng chịu đựng
extreme weather conditions. The South Pole, for example, is home to (20) tiềm tàng
one of the most severe climates on Earth, with temperatures falling (21) mới lạ
below zero degrees throughout the year. Travelling to these places are,
therefore, exclusively (18) advisable for those with great strength and
high endurance (19), otherwise serious health problems are latent (20)
risks.
In conclusion, although discovering novel (21) regions is clearly
advantageous in some aspects, it is my view that the disadvantages are
more concerning than the benefits.

Chủ đề 15
Can computer replace handwritting?
With the ubiquity (1) of computers in this digital era (2), some are TỪ VỰNG
concerned that handwriting will become obsolete (3). Personally, I
believe that handwriting may not be as prevalent (4) as computers, yet (1) sự có măt khắp nơi
still remain essential (5) in our society. (2) thời kỳ
At first glance (6), handwriting provides one distinct (7) advantage over (3) lỗi thời
computer typing because it is electrically independent while computers (4) phổ biến
are energy-reliant (8). Handwriting offers flexibility (9) and immediacy (5) cần thiết
(10) in keeping records of (11) ideas. When a thought occurs in one’s (6) nhìn thoáng qua thì
mind, for example, having a pen and paper within reach is usually the (7) rõ rệt
most convenient method of taking notes. There are cases when doodling (8) phụ thuộc vào năng lượng
(12) can even facilitate in idea illustration (13). Furthermore, (9) linh hoạt
concerning identification (14), handwriting has a unique place to play. (10) sự gần gũi
The way a person writes his or her name can legalize (15) contracts or (11) ghi chép lại
formal registrations (16) when he or she must use a written signature to (12) viết nguệch ngoạc
confirm one’s identity. (13) minh họa
Apart from that, handwriting is beneficial for certain brain activities. It (14) nét để nhận diện
has been universally believed that young learners can generate (17) new (15) hợp pháp hóa
ideas and retain information better should they start to write by hand. In (16) sự đăng ký
addition, handwritten letters can undoubtedly convey (18) a more (17) đưa ra
compelling (19) message as opposed to uniform letters created by (18) truyền đạt
typing. Indeed, only by handwriting can a love letter leave a strong (19) thuyết phục
impression on its recipient and somehow reveal emotions or (20) trở nên rắc rối
characteristics of the writer, be it disorganized or sophisticated (20). (21) tầm quan trọng
In summary, despite the importance of computers, the significance (21) (22) lợi thế
of handwriting in the society should not be overlooked. I firmly believe
that it will always have its own niche (22).

Chủ đề 16.
Many people say that we now live in consumer societies where money and possessions are given too
much importance. Others believe that consumer culture has played a vital role in improving our
lives. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
The recent rise in consumerism (1) has been portrayed (2) as a negative TỪ VỰNG
societal (3) force resulting in increased materialism (4). There are,
nevertheless, people who think otherwise and believe this trend can (1) chủ nghĩa trọng tiêu dùng
provide impetus (5) for industrial production and therefore improved (2) miêu tả
living standards. In this essay, I will discuss both viewpoints before (3) thuộc xã hội
stating my own opinion. (4) sự quá xem trọng vật chất
On one side of the argument, many believe consumerism is closely (5) sự thúc đẩy
linked to false internalization (6) of personal needs. In the limitless (6) sự tiếp thu
pursuit (7) of social acceptance, people tend to feel pressured to buy (7) sự đuổi theo
what the masses possess (8) instead of the necessities. This may make it (8) chiếm hữu
hard for them to feel true contentment (9). Besides, capitalism (10) is (9) sự mãn nguyện
the culprit (11) for widespread materialistic (12) lifestyles. Being raised (10) chủ nghĩa tư bản
on outsized (13) ambition and dwindling (14) resources, we have (11) thủ phạm
become excessively concerned about earning and personal comfort (12) nặng về vật chất
rather than maintaining relationships. A compelling evidence is an (13) vượt quá
increase in virtual relationships in social networks instead of real-life (14) thoái hóa
companionship (15) which actually takes much more time to maintain. (15) tình bạn
This will ultimately result in profound (16) societal breakdowns (17). (16) sâu sắc
On a positive note (18), however, consumerism brings certain (17) sự suy sụp
advantages. Firstly, with an abundant (19) availability of goods and (18) về mặt tích cực của vấn đề
services offered in all industries, consumerism proliferates (20) (19) nhiều
employment opportunities. This is clearly illustrated by the blossoming (20) sản sinh nhanh
(21) mobile phone market worldwide. Had it not been for the ubiquitous (21) bùng nổ
and perpetual demand for newer mobile phone models, countless job (22) tăng cao
opportunities would have never been created in this field. Moreover, (23) hạnh phúc thật sự
with the introduction of a number of brands for any particular product,
there exists a heightened (21) sense of competition in the market today,
fueling amazing innovations. This will undoubtedly contribute to
economic growth.
In summary, although it is true that consumerism acts as a driving force
towards faster economic growth and better living conditions, I doubt its
role in laying a solid foundation for a community to thrive and in
bringing genuine happiness (22) to those practicing a materialistic
lifestyle

Chủ đề 17.
Leaders or directors are often old people. Some people say that young people can also be leaders, to
what extent do you think this is true?
It is true that many leaders and senior executives (1) in global TỪ VỰNG
companies are elderly people. However, I would argue that some superb
(2) young people are also qualified (3) to make important decisions in (1) viên chức quan cấp
today’s world. (2) xuất sắc
On the one hand (4), compared to the young generation, elderly people (3) đủ tư cách
possess (5) competitive edges (6). First and foremost (7), they have (4) về mặt này
more defined cognitive (8) skills, such as big-picture thinking (9) and (5) sở hữu
long-term vision (10). This is because years of work experience and (6) lợi thế (mang tính cạnh
failures taught them to take every aspect into consideration (11) before tranh)
making important decisions. By contrast (12), due to a lack of social (7) trước tiên và quan trọng
experience, young leaders are more liable to (13) make shortsighted nhất
decisions (14) sometimes. Moreover, since old people have already (8) thuộc về nhận thức
overcome countless difficulties and challenges, they can act more (9) cách nghĩ toàn diện
steadfast in situations of turmoil (15) and lift the morale (16) of the (10) tầm nhìn rộng lâu dài
whole organization. (11) cân nhắc, xem xét
On the other hand, there are two reasons why younger directors can also (12) ngược lại
be competent (17) leaders in important positions. In the first place, with (13) dễ bị
highly-educated backgrounds, young leaders are likely to have a deeper (14) quyết định thiển cận
understanding of cultural differences, therefore they can empathize with (15) sự rối loạn
other employees and clients much better, which plays a key role in (16) tinh thần
retention (18) of talent. For example, it is often easy to misunderstand (17) có đủ khả năng
others in a cross-cultural (19) dialogue. When skilled employees resign, (18) sự giữ lại
they might take the company’s knowledge with them, causing a brain (19) giao thoa văn hóa
drain (20) for the company. Secondly, with more success than senior (20) chảy máu chất xám
leaders, young directors can apply the latest technology and theory into (21) tiêu chuẩn
practice, and this can greatly improve productivity. (22) tài giỏi
In conclusion, in my opinion, age should not be a criterion (21) when it
comes to the appointment of a new manager. Anyone who has
proficient (22) leadership skills can be in the leader’s position.

Chủ đề 18.
Some family sent their children to foreign country for education purpose What is your opinion?
There is an undisputed fact that (1) today, going to study in a foreign TỪ VỰNG
country is becoming more and more common (2). While overseas study
has its drawbacks, the difficulties are far outweighed (3) by the (1) không nghi ngờ
advantages. (2) phổ biển
Indeed (4), people who go abroad to study open themselves up to (5) (3) trội hơn
novel (6) experiences that those who stay at home will never have. The (4) Thực tế thì.
most decisive (7) advantage to overseas study is real-life use (8) of a (5) mở mang cho bản thân
different language. While a person can study a foreign language in his (6) mới mẻ
or her own country, it cannot be compared with (9) the benefits of (7) mang tính quyết định
constant (10) use of the language in academic (11) and everyday life. (8) ứng dụng thực tế
There is no better (12) opportunity to improve second-language skills (9) so sánh
(13) than living in the country where the target language is spoken. (10) không thay đổi
Moreover, using a new language during one’s studies offers a distinct (11) thuộc trường đại học
(14) advantage when applying for jobs back home that require the (12) không có gì tốt hơn
language. On a university campus, the foreign student is not alone in (13) kĩ năng ngôn ngữ thứ 2
coming from far away. He or she will possibly encounter (15) many (14) rõ rệt
others from overseas and it is therefore possible to make friends from (15) bắt gặp
all around the world. This is not only exciting on a social level, but (16) góc nhìn
could lead to important international opportunities in later professional (17) ban đầu
life. (18) nước nhà
Finally, living and studying abroad offers one a new and different (19) chắc chắn
perspective (16) of the world and, perhaps most importantly, of one’s (20) biết trân trọng
own country. Once recovered from the initial (17) shock of being in a
new culture, a student might slowly begins to get a meaningful
understanding of the host (18) society. On returning home, one will
inevitably (19) see his or her own country in a new, often more
appreciative (20), light.
In conclusion, while any anxiety about going overseas for university
study is certainly understandable, it is important to remember that the
benefits offered by the experience typically make it well worthwhile.

Chủ đề 19.
Some people think that it is a waste of money for countries to host big sporting events like the
World Cup, and that the money would be better spent on other things. However, others think that
hosting large sporting events has a clear, positive impact on a country. Discuss both these views and
give your opinion.
Becoming the host of a major sporting event such as World Cup is a TỪ VỰNG
fervent (1) wish of any countries. While hosting such an event is costly,
it also greatly benefits the host country. Although many people support (1) cháy bỏng
their country’s athletic ambitions (2), others highlight (3) the necessity (2) khát vọng thể thao
to focus on other areas for development. In my opinion, though each (3) nhấn mạnh
viewpoint has its own merits, the hosting process is ultimately worth the (4) nổi lên
effort. (5) chuyển hướng theo
On the one hand, some problems surface (4) from the event (6) tính sinh lời
organization in terms of financial investment. Firstly, many believe that (7) luôn luôn
the government’s funds should be channelled towards (5) people’s (8) đổ xô tới
general welfare. Particularly, areas such as healthcare and education are (9) đặc quyền
often in need of financial support, especially in underdeveloped regions. (10) tầm cỡ lớn
Secondly, the infrastructure specifically built for the event may go to (11) làm dấy lên
waste once the event ends. For instance, an array of stadia cost a fortune (12) niềm tự hào dân tộc
in Brazil for World Cup 2014; hence, their profitability (6) is invariably (13) tình yêu nước cao
(7) in doubt. (14) quan trọng, trọng đại
On the other hand, several benefits are associated with securing the
right to become an event holder. Initially, hosting a large sporting event
will undeniably stimulate the country’s tourism industry. For example,
a vast number of sporting fans worldwide may flock (8) to the host
country as tourists to support their teams, increasing the demand for
tourism services. Additionally, the privilege (9) of hosting such an
event of magnitude (10) arouses (11) the country’s national pride (12).
Observing sportsmen compete vigorously for the victory, one might
take pride in being a citizen of the winning country.
In conclusion, the benefits lie in the thriving tourism industry and
heightened patriotism (13), whereas the drawbacks relate to the urgent
need in other areas and meaningful purpose of the event-specific
facilities in the future. Considering the above points, I strongly believe
that the advantages of holding such a momentous (14) event outweigh
the disadvantages.

Chủ đề 20.
In the next academic year, to get admitted to a public high school, a 9th grade student must handle
not only Mathematics and Literature but also a set of subjects which can only be revealed in
March. Do you think this is a good or bad trend?
In meeting the demands of an ever-changing (1) world. TỪ VỰNG
education reform (2) plays a vital (3) role. Several
bold (4) proposals have been formulated (5) towards (1) luôn thay đổi
this goal. Specifically, the proposal of integrating (2) cải cách giáo dục
(6) a random set of subjects in the entrance exam (3) cực kì quan trọng
alonaside two long-standing (7) compulsory subiects (4) táo bạo
like Mathematics and Literature has been finalized (5) tạo ra, đề xuất
and is going to be imposed (8) on 9th grade students (6) tích hợp
next academic year. Given careful consideration, (7) có từ lâu
this amendment (9) may lead to both positive and (8) áp dụng cho
negative consequences in equal measure. (9) sự thay đổi (về luật)
On the one hand, several benefits are noteworthy (10). (10) đáng bàn, đáng chú ý
In the first place, this motion (11) may help develop (11) động cơ
well-rounded (12) students. Instead of acquiring (12) toàn diện
knowledge in certain limited aspects, a student will (13) cách nhìn tổng quan
need to grasp a wide variety of subjects in both (14) có lợi cho
natural and human science, thus acquiring a more (15) đủ lông đủ cánh, trưởng
comprehensive perspective (13) on the world. This thành
is conducive (14) to one’s arowth into a fully-fledged (16) thiết yếu
(15) person as a combination of both fields is pivotal (17) những môn học được chú
(16). Secondly, the new policy is likely to ensure trọng
the students’ active involvement in school. Instead (18) có nhiều khả năng là
of focusing all their attention on the few traditionally (19) lờ đi
emphasized subjects (17), there is a likelihood (18) that junior high (20) bị bỏ qua
school students are no longer neglectful of (19) such important but (21) vân vân
often overlooked (20) subjects as History, Geography, Civic Education, (22) mặt trái
to mention but a few (21). (23) có liên quan
On the other hand, several downsides (22) are associated with (23) the (24) nhồi nhét
new plan. Firstly, spending increased amounts of time cramming for (25) tước đoạt
(24) additional subjects to secure highest possible entrance exam scores (26) ngoài giờ -học chính
will deprive (25) students of time for relaxation or any other non- (27) Học chuyên sâu
academic (26) activities. Intensive studying (27) could possibly put the (28) đầy áp lực
youth under pressurized (28) periods of time, which could subsequently (29) kéo dài lâu
cause significant and potentially long- lasting (29) mental problems. In (30) xung đột
addition, gaining knowledge in one subject may interfere with (30) the (31) tích lũy
learning of another. The human brain is limited and therefore able to (32) tự hào
accumulate (31) knowledge only to a certain extent. In fact hardly (33) tinh thông
anyone can pride himself or herself on (32) achieving mastery (33) in (34) đã đề cập ở trên
every academic field.
In conclusion, the policy’s advantages revolve around students’
comprehensive understanding and increased involvement in
schoolwork, whereas its disadvantages regard learners’ lack gf adequate
relaxation and the limitations of their brains. Owing to these various
pros and cons aforementioned(34), the implementation of this policy
should be carefully considered.

Chủ đề 21.
Having a good memory is the only requirement to be successful in life. Do you agree or disagree?
Include relevant examples from your own experience and knowledge.
It is presumably difficult to pin down (1) the definition of success TỪ VỰNG
whose notion (2) varies from one person to another. There are those
who attribute (3) success to the possession of a retentive (4) memory. I (1) xác định rõ
partly agree with this opinion. (2) khái niệm
I generally support the idea that in academic fields, having a decent (3) cho rằng là do
memory is closely associated with cleverness (5). To become successful (4) có khả năng ghi nhớ
in academically-oriented (6) career, researchers or scientists need to (5) sự thông minh
accumulate (7) a wealth of knowledge over an empirical (8) period of (6) định hướng học tập
time. This process, without doubt, requires a huge effort in memorizing. (7) tích lũy
Additionally, a long-term memory would likely assist the reinforcement (8) dựa vào kinh nghiệm thực
(9) of relationships. Particularly, ones with excellent ability to tế
remember names and stories of their interlocutors are more apt (10) to (9) sự tăng cường, cải thiện
make better impression on social encounters than those who tend to (10) có khả năng
forget easily. Accordingly, a memory capable of retaining much (11) giành được
information might gain particular advantages and notch up (11) success (12) duy nhất
in life. (13) dấu hiệu chỉ ra
However, aside from the aforementioned professions, I assert that the (14) tính chất
ability to memorize data long term is not the sole (12) indicator (13) of (15) được xét tới
success. There are other virtues (14) which may equally come into play (16) cơ bản
(15) instead. A leader owning a good memory will not be able to (17) mang tính quản lý
effectively manage a company if he lacks fundamental (16) managerial (18) mang tính lý luận
(17) skills such as interpersonal communication, time management, or (19) tương tự vậy
sharp reasoning (18) capacity. In a similar fashion (19), success in most (20) học vẹt
of the artistic professions is definitely not determined by rote (20) (21) sự vị tha
memorization as achievements of an artist is often reflected in the (22) làm trật, tổn hại
value his or her artworks convey. Without creativity and altruism (21), (23) thuận lợi cho
the career of an artist might be derailed (22). (24) gặt hái
In sum, I partly agree that a long-term memory is conducive (23) to (25) mang tính quyết định
reaping (24) success in life. It is significant, to some extent, but not a
decisive (25) factor for many accomplishments which are conditional
upon various elements and should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Chủ đề 22.
Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. Ordinary people can get no advantage
with the development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
TỪ VỰNG
With the increasing advancement in technology, air travel has become
more prevalent (1) and accessible than ever. Although the well-off (2) (1) phổ biến
in the world unquestionably (3) benefit from air travelling, I am (2) sung túc
strongly convinced that not only wealthy but also ordinary people can (3) không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa
derive substantial (4) benefits from it. (4) đáng kể
The wealthiest people are undoubtedly the ones to gain the most (5) giàu có
benefits from the development of air travel. Since airplane tickets (6) đắt đỏ
invariably have higher fares than those of road vehicles, affluent (5) (7) ví dụ sống động
people can easily afford to travel by plane, a mode of transportation (8) có những luận điểm phù
considered to be pricey (6) to most people. Indeed, there is a strong hợp
likelihood that the rich would rather pay extra for the conveniences of (9) độc quyền
airplanes than endure the annoyance other means of transportation (10) giàu có
bring. Take Hollywood celebrities as a telling illustration (7) for this. (11) bình dân
Many possess helicopters or airplanes that enable them an instant access (12) sự bùng nổ ngành công
to almost anywhere they wish to. nghiệp hàng không
Nevertheless, there are good grounds (8) for arguing that air travel is (13) cuối cùng
not the exclusive (9) privilege of the well- heeled (10) ones as middle- (14) làm giảm đi
class and lower society members can benefit from it as well. Indeed, the (15) giá cả phù hợp
fact that affluent people only account for relatively small proportion of (16) lợi ích
the world population clearly explains why air travel still serve a vast (17) có đặc quyền
majority of mediocre (11) people as a fast and a single means of (18) gần
transportation across long distances. Further, the burgeoning aviation (19) thuận lợi cho
industry (12) also promotes tourism, which will ultimately (13) enhance (20) cư dân
employment for tourism and service sectors. In addition, fierce
competition among a myriad of air lines has curtailed (14) the air fare,
making it affordable (15) to the less wealthy.
In summary, although there is little to deny the boons (16) that the
privileged (17) population is enjoying form air travelling, this form of
travel also contributes greatly to an improved living standard and a
higher number of job scopes for mediocre people. In the foreseeable
(18) future, a competitive air travel market will presumably be even
more conducive (19) for the entire populace (20) of the world.

Chủ đề 23
There is an increasing trend of antisocial behavior by individuals and in most cases, it is blamed on
the society. What needs to be done about such individuals? Who should take care of them?
With an alarmingly escalating (1) rates of crime in many communities TỪ VỰNG
across the globe, a question of heated debate (2) has involved who
should hold liability (3) for the issue and what can be done to reverse (1) leo thang
(4) it. From my personal viewpoints, both societies and parents should (2) tranh cãi gay gắt
take strong actions against juvenile crimes. (3) (gánh) trách nhiệm cho
The first societal (5) reason for the heightened (6) rates of juvenile (4) đảo ngược, xoay chuyển
delinquency is the negative influence exerted (7) by commercialized tình hình
mass media. Publishers of books and program producers are oftentimes (5) thuộc về xã hội
(8) in the pursuit of financial gains, releasing products of impactful (9) (6) tăng cao
negativities. Taken obscene (10) books and violence movies as (7) tạo ra, áp cho
examples. Once young consumers are exposed to the atrocious (11) (8) thường xuyên
contents, the harm on their mental well-being may well far from (9) có ảnh hưởng lớn
reversible (12). Moreover, an excessive dose of violence on a frequent (10) tục tĩu, khiêu dâm
basis (13) is often the chief explanation for one’s resorting (14) to (11) xấu xa, tàn ác
violence, which is ultimately the breeding ground (15) for ruthless (16) (12) có thể đảo ngược
young offenders (17). (13) thường xuyên
From the familial (18) side, a boom (19) in the selection for a single- (14) viện tới
parent family model is, in part, accountable for (20) the rising crime (15) nơi tạo ra
rates across societies. Studies have shown that juvenile-delinquency (16) tàn nhẫn, vô lương tâm
rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for (17) người gây án
those in traditional households. Indeed, children in single-parent (18) thuộc về gia đình
families are taken less care of and thus tend to experience higher sense (19) sự bùng nổ
of isolation, it is the lack of parental (21) love that tend to grow in them (20) chịu trách nhiệm cho
hostility (22) and cynicism (23) towards the society. (21) thuộc về gia đình
It is, therefore understandable (24) why upbringing (25) environment (22) thái độ thù địch
should also be counted as one of the contributors (26) to the ongoing (23) sự lạnh lùng
criminal situations. There are multiple approaches to deter (27) the (24) dễ hiểu
youth from committing crimes. Firstly, school education is central to (25) mang tính nuôi dưỡng
bequeathing (28) proper moral values into younger generations. (26) nhân tố tạo nên
Secondly, the present situation also appeals for a tighter regulation on (27) ngăn chặn
the mass media to guarantee more educational books and programs. (28) truyền lại
Thirdly, mutual understanding between parents and children is also of (29) quan trọng
great significance (29). Generation gaps and familial conflicts are (30) tối ưu
supposed to be resolved so that children can enjoy a more secure home (31) chỉ ra là từ
environment, an optimal (30) setting for a stable growth of (32) sự đồng bộ
characteristics. (33) làm giảm mạnh
In conclusion, the root cause of antisocial behaviors can be traced (31)
to multiple sources. Be it parental trigger or societal causes, actions
need to be taken in synchronization (32) in order to slash (33) the crime
rates on a larger scale.

Chủ đề 24.
Some people think that students should be allowed to use their mobile phones at school. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of at least 250 words to
illustrate your points.
The rising prevalence (1) of cellphone use among the youth has led TỪ VỰNG
some to question whether or not phones should be allowed at school.
Although the cellphone may prove useful in certain ways, I believe that (1) sự phổ biến
it adversely affects one’s learning and its use should be avoided. (2) bị ảnh hưởng xấu
First of all, cellphones distract students from their schoolwork. Given (3) làm suy yếu, sút kém
the plethora of entertainment options available on phones, many (4) dễ dàng, không tốn nhiều
learners may choose to play games or browse social media rather sức
than pay attention in class. Consequently, these students may lack (5) toàn bộ
knowledge and their academic performance will suffer (2). (6) quá phụ thuộc
In addition to distracting students in class, phones may also impair (3) (7) sự giám sát
one’s cognitive and critical thinking skills. With the various tools and (8) giám sát
resources provided by phones, formerly challenging tasks now become (9) mất tập trung
effortless (4). For example, instead of having to focus on a lecture in (10) lớn lao
order to identify its key points, students equipped with smartphones can (11) bị ảnh hưởng xấu

simplv record the lecture in its entirety (5). This and similar features of
the cellphone may lead students to become overdependent (6) on the
device and to lose the ability to think for themselves.
Advocates of using mobile devices in class may claim that their GPA
are bound to be boosted once they can use cell phones under teachers’
supervision (7). Nevertheless, in case numerous students tap on the
screen at once, teachers mav struqale to supervise (8) what students do
in class. Whether teachers can manage to ensure all students, without
any exception, focus on the same subjects without being inattentive
(9) proves to be a monumental (10) challenae.
In conclusion, since phone use may result in distraction and impaired
(11) ability, students should not be allowed to use their phones in class.
(written by David Reda & Mai Thanh Son)
PHẦN 4
BÀI VIẾT THƯ MẪU
I. Đề thi THPT Chuyên Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Quốc Gia
1 2019-2020:
Write a letter of 120 words to a club manager
- Why you want to join
- Why you are qualified
- What you are going to contribute
Dear manager of Hanoi-Amsterdam Rock Club, TỪ VỰNG
I am writing this letter to apply for the position of a lead guitarist at
your club, Hanoi-Amsterdam Rock Club, for this academic year, (1) cả đời
2020-2021. (2) quạt chả
Metal music has been a lifelong (1) passion of mine and I am (3) tên một kỹ thuật chơi guitar
delighted to find a club of people with the same interests at school. điện
Having played the acoustic and the electric guitar for roughly a (4) độc tấu
decade, I can not only strum (2) the former but also perform guitar (5) nỗ lực
riffs (3) and solos (4) on the latter. I uploaded a number of metal song (6) chói sáng
covers on my Youtube channel and I hope you can spare some time to
watch them. If I become an official member of vour club. I will exert
myself (5) to practice playing with other members and delivering
some electrifying (6) performances on the stage in the upcoming live
shows.
Thank you for reading my letter of application. I look forward to
hearing from you,
Sincerely.

2020-2021:
Write a letter to the principal of a university to suggest a new course. In the letter you should
include:
- what course it is
- why the course is beneficial
- what special things it can offer
Dear the Principal, TỪ VỰNG
I am writing in response to the recently released brochure of the
university courses available next term. On realization (1) of the (1) sự nhận thấy
content’s failure to mention one long-awaited course, I would like to (2) thường xuyên có
propose an addition to the curriculum devised. (3) sự khéo léo
First of all, I wish to bring your attention to the dire need of a (4) dáng điệu
presentation course among students. Upon graduation from university. (5) chuyển hóa thành
they are often subiected (2) to complaints from recruiters about a (6) tối tân
deprivation of confidence and dexterity (3) when it comes to (7) sự nắm vững công nghệ kỹ
presenting ideas. A presentation course provided by the tertiary level thuật số
of study will undoubtedly address this pressing issue for future (8) bị lờ đi
graduates.
Furthermore, I believe there is no end of benefit to a presentation
course. It provides students with the ability to project their voice,
posture (4), eye contact and a plethora of dynamic communicative
skills. These will, furthermore, translate into (5) a boosted sense of
self growth. The most notable perk is that students will be exposed to
cutting-edge (6) communication tools across the span of the course,
heightening their digital literacy (7)
Overall, the value in learning the art of presentation at a university
level cannot be overlooked (8). It is an asset vital to every student
before they graduate. I hope my suggestion will make a positive
contribution to the curriculum for the coming term.
Yours faithfully,

II. MỘT SỐ DẠNG BÀI KHÁC

Chù đề 1.
You are planning to spend a weekend at a hotel with your family. Write a letter to the hotel making
the arrangements. Ask them the following;
- When you want to arrive and leave
- What type of rooms you would like and ask how much they will cost
- You are interested to know about activities and places of interest near the hotel.
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses.
Dear Sir/Madam, TỪ VỰNG
I am writing to ask if you would be so kind as to give me some
details about your hotel’s accommodation. (1) phòng (trong khách sạn)
I would like to book accommodation for my family and I from the (2) từ trước
11th of March until the 15th. on the 11th I would like to arrive late in
the afternoon, and on the 15th, if possible, I would like to have a late
check-out at about 4pm.
As we are two adults and a child, I would like to book a one-
bedroom suite (1), if possible. I would also prefer a non-smoking
room as my daughter has allergies. Please, let me know how much it
would be for the entire length of our stay and also whether the price
includes anything extra like breakfast.
I would also appreciate any information you can offer about
places for sightseeing and leisure activities as we will be spending a
few days in the town nearby. Thank you in advance (2) for your kind
cooperation.
Yours faithfullly,
Mike Wattie
(trích “IELTS Writing Step by Step” - Mike Wattie)

Chủ đề 2.
You recently subscribed to a new magazine. A representative of the magazine has asked you to give
some feedback on their magazine. Write a letter to the representative of the magazine that includes
the following information:
- Details of why you bought the magazine
- What you liked about the latest edition
- Any improvements you would recommend
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses.
Dear Mrs. Brown, TỪ VỰNG
The purpose of this letters is to express my opinion about your
magazine. I believe it is a wonderful idea to ask for the thoughts of (1) sản phẩm
your readers about your recently released publication (1) (2) người ngắm chim
 I purchased the magazine because it includes topics that relate (3) phác họa lên
to my hobby of bird watching. I often seek out new places to visit to (4) cô đọng
take photos of birds and your magazine seems to provide lots of good
recommendations.
What I loved the most about your current issue was the article
describing places to go bird watching in local national parks. I
especially like the way you covered the latest developments in the
parks that support birdwatchers (2). Moreover, I felt attracted by the
images portrayed (3) on the cover page.
I would like to suggest you to continue producing material
which is useful and enjoyable to read. Also, I suggest that you make
the magazine more concise (4) and with fewer images so it is lighter
and even more appealing.
I hope you find my comments and recommendations helpful.
Yours sincerely,
Mike Wattie
(trích “IELTS Writing step by step” - Mike Wattie)

Chủ đề 3.
Write a letter of complaint to a store where you purchased a faulty new refrigerator. In your letter,
explain the following:
- Where and when you purchased the refrigerator
- What is wrong with it
- What action you would like the store to take
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses.
Dear Sir/Madam, TỪ VỰNG
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction (1) with a product I
purchased recently from one of your stores. (1) sự bất mãn
I recently bought a Samsung self-defrosting (2) refrigerator from your (2) tự rã đông
store on Grote st. in Adelaide. I paid cash for it and it was delivered to (3) xử lý, giải quyết
my house on the 11th of June. The model number is G11412, and it is
shown on page 27 of your spring catalogue.
There is a problem with the defrosting system of the refrigerator.
Every time, the refrigerator defrosts itself, a puddle of water forms on
the floor in front of it. This is both a nuisance and a danger as
someone may slip and fall.
I hope this matter will receive your immediate attention. Please
contact me during the day on my mobile 094- 980-2675 to arrange a
time for a repair man to fix the defrost system.
Thank you in advance for your help in straightening out (3) this
matter.
Yours faithfully,
Mike Wattie
(trích “IELTS Writing step by step” - Mike Wattie)

Chủ đề 4.
Recently, you had a party at your house. There was a lot of noie late at night and you disturbed
your next door neighbor. Write a letter to your neighbor. In your letter:
- Explain the reasons for the noise.
- Apologize
- Describe what action you will take to prevent it from happening again
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses.
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith, TỪ VỰNG
I am writing to sincerely apologize for the disturbance (1) caused
during my birthday party last Saturday night. (1) sự làm phiền
I was celebrating my 25th birthday with my friends and (2) kiêng, hạn chế
approximately two hours after the party started, two people, who were (3) nhiều rắc rối
friends of a friend, started arguing about an issue that is still unknown
to me. Initially it was just a discussion, but then it became a fight and
I was forced to call the police.
I deeply regret having interrupted your sleep. Please accept my
most sincere apologies. The situation got out of control and noise at
that point was inevitable. However, I understand that we all enjoy
living in a peaceful neighborhood and whatever happened at my party
should not have disturbed you.
I will refrain from (2) holding parties in my unit in the future in order
to avoid further problematic (3) events in our residential area.
Once again, my apologies for the inconvenience caused.
Kind regards,
Mike Wattie
(trích “IELTS Writing step by step” - Mike Wattie)

Chủ đề 5
A friend from overseas recently sent you a gift in the mail. Write a letter to your friend to thank
him/her. In your letter:
- Say how you felt when you received the present
- Describe what you like about it
- Explain how you will use the present
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses.
Dear Peter, TỪ VỰNG
It seems like ages since we were together at university. I am writing
to express my gratitude (1) for remembering my birthday. (1) sự biết ơn
I felt really excited when I found a parcel from you in my letter box. I
was really touched that you have still kept in touch and what is more,
you remembered any birthday. It really makes me feel we have a
close and special friendship despite the physical distance between us.
When I opened up the box and I found that you had sent a bottle
favorite maple syrup I was really happy. As you know I just love that
syrup and I also like the oak casket that it was package in.
Every Sunday, I am going to pour some of the syrup over my
pancakes. I might also make some of those maple syrup toffees I used
to make when we were flat mates.
Once again, I really appreciated you remembering my birthday.
Cheers,
Mike
(trích “IELTS Writing step by step” - Mike Wattie)
 REFERENCES (TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO)
Nguyen, T. (2017). "The Complete Solutions to IELTS Writing”. Hanoi, Vietnam.
Wattie, M. (2018). "IELTS Writing step by step”. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Hong Duc Publishing
House.
Turnbull, J. (2011). "Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, 8th edition". Oxford, United Kingdom:
Oxford University Press.

GLOSSARY (DANH MỤC TỪ VỰNG)

LEGEND (Chú giải)
N: Noun (Danh từ) V: verb (Động từ) Adj: Adjective (Tính từ) Adv: Adverb (Trạng từ)
Phr: Phrase (Cụm tù’)
Phr.V: Phrasal verbs: Cụm động từ Idiom: Thành ngữ
VOCABULARY MEANING
A
abandoned (adj) bị bác bỏ
abound (v) tràn lan, có nhiều
above-mentioned (adj) nhắc đến ở trên
absorb (v) thu thập, hấp thụ
abstemious (adj) điều độ, tiết chế
abundant (adj) nhiều, dồi dào
academic (adj) thuộc về việc học, mang tính học thuật
academically-minded (adj) có chú tâm vào học tập
acceleration (n) sự tăng tốc
access (n) sự tiếp cận, truy cập
acknowledge (v) đánh giá đúng, trân trọng, biết ơn
accomplish (v) hoàn thành
accordance (n) sự hòa hợp
accrue (v) tích lũy
accumulate (v) tích lũy
acquaintance (n) người quen
acquisition (n) sự giành được
acute (adj) cấp bách
adeptness (n) sự thông thạo
administrator (n) người quản trị
adoring (adj) cuồng nhiệt
(with the) advent (of) (phr) (với) sự xuất hiện (của)
adverse (adj) có hại
advocate (n) ủng hộ
affluent (adj) giàu sang
affordable (adj) phải chàng
aforementioned (adj) đã đề cập ở trên
aforesaid (adj) đã đề cập ở trên
akin (adj) tương tự
alarmingly (adv) một cách đáng báo động
albeit (conj) mặc dù
alleviate (v) giảm nhẹ, nhẹ nhàng hơn
alter (v) thay đổi, sửa lại
altruism (n) lòng nhân đạo
ameliorate (v) cải thiện, làm tốt hơn
amelioration (n) sự cải thiện
amendment (n) sự cải thiện, cải tiến
ample (adj) nhiều
aplenty (adv) nhiều
appreciate (v) đánh giá cao
appreciative (adj) biết trân trọng
approach (n) cách tiếp cận
apt (adj) có khả năng
aptitude test (phr) bài kiểm tra chất lượng
arduous (adj) khó khăn, gian khổ
arouse (v) làm dấy lên
aspirant (adj) người khao khát 1 việc gì đó
assess (v) đánh giá
astronomical (adj) vô cùng lớn
athletics (n) điền kinh
athletic ambition (phr) khát vọng thể thao
attain (v) đạt được
attentiveness (n) sự để tâm, chú ý
attribute (n) thuộc tính (v) cho rằng là do
atrocious (adj) xấu xa, tàn ác
au courant with (adj) cập nhật, có thông tin mới nhất
authority (n) giới chức trách có thẩm quyền
Autonomy (n) sự tự giác
availability (n) tính có sẵn
aviation (n) hàng không

B (v) gây bối rối

baffle (v) chứa đựng
bear (v) xảy ra
befall (n) người thụ hưởng
beneficiary (v) truyền lại
bequeath (V) tước đoạt
bereft (v) hòa vào nhau
blend (adj) bùng nổ
blossoming (adj) dễ bị phân hủy, thối rữa
biodegradable (adj) táo bạo
bold bolster (v) tăng cường, đẩy mạnh
bond (n) mối quan hệ gắn kết
bonding (n) sự gắn kết
boom (n) sự bùng nổ
boon (n) lợi ích
boost (v) tàng, đẩy mạnh
bore (n) việc chán ngắt
bountiful (adj) dồi dào
birdwatcher (n) người có sở thích ngắm chim
breakdown (n) sự suy sụp, sụp đổ
burden (n) gánh nặng
burgeon (v) tăng trường bùng nổ
c
cancer (n) bệnh ung thư
capacity (n) năng suất, khả năng, sức chứa
capitalism (n) chủ nghĩa tư bản
carciogenic (adj) gây ung thư
castigation (n) sự trừng phạt
catastrophic (adj) gây tác hại nặng nề
cater (for/to) (v) phục vụ cho 1
ceaseless (adj) không ngừng
cement (v) củng cố
censorship (n) sự kiểm duyệt
channel (V) chuyển hướng sang
charlatan (n) kẻ lang băm
cleverness (n) sự thông minh
co-exist (v) cùng tồn tại
cognitive (adj) thuộc về nhận thức
collaboration (n) sự phối hợp
collective (adj) tập hợp, chung
command (n) vốn hiểu biết
common (adj) phổ biến
communication (n) khả năng giao tiếp
compact (v/adj) cô đọng lại, kết thành khối
companionship (n) tình bạn, tình bằng hữu
comparable (adj) có thể so sánh được
compelling (adj) hiệu quả, thuyết phục, mang tính bắt buộc
compensate (v) bù lại, đền bù cho
compete (v) cạnh tranh
competent (adj) có đủ khả năng
compile (v) tổng hợp
complementary (adj) bổ sung
complication (n) biến chứng
compound (n) thành phần, hợp chất
comprehension (n) sự thấu hiểu
comprehensive (adj) đày đủ, trọn vẹn
computer-literate (adj) có kiến thức về tin học
concede (v) đồng tình, thừa nhận
concept (n) quan niệm
concerted (adj) chung
condemnation (n) sự chê trách, kết tội
conducive (adj) thuận lợi (cho)
confidant (n) người được tin tưởng
conform (v) tuân theo
H (in) conjunction (with) (phr) cùng với
consensus (n) sự đồng tâm, nhất trí
considerable (adj) to lớn
constant (adj) không thay đổi
constrain (v) kìm hãm
consumerism (n) chủ nghĩa trọng tiêu dùng
contend (v) tranh cãi, cho rằng
content (adj) hài lòng
contentment (n) sự mãn nguyện
context (n) bối cảnh
continuation (n) sự tiếp diễn
contradict (v) đối lập
contrive (v) bịa đặt, lừa dối, “xào nấu”
controversial (adj) gây tranh cãi
convenience (n) sự tiện lợi
conventional (adj) cổ truyền, theo truyền thống
converse (v) trò chuyện
convey (n) truyền đạt
cooperate (v) hợp tác
correlation (n) mối tương quan
cosmology (n) vũ trụ học
cost-efficient (adj) tiết kiệm
counter (v) phản đối
counter-argument (n) lập luận ngược
countermeasure (n) biện pháp giải quyết
counterpart (n) người đồng vị trí
country-men (n) người đồng hương
cricket (n) môn cric-kê
criterion (n) tiêu chuẩn
cross-cultural (adj) liên văn hóa
cross-reference (n) sự tham khảo từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau
cuisine (n) ẩm thực
culminate (v) lên đến cao trào
culprit (n) thủ phạm, nguyên nhân
curb (v) cắt giảm
curricula (n) (số nhiều) chương trình giảng dạy
cutback (n) sự cắt giảm
cutting-edge (adj) hiện đại, vượt trội

D
daring (adj) dũng cảm, can trường
daunting (adj) gây nản lòng
debatable (adj) có thề tranh luận
deceased (adj) mất, qua đời
decisive (adj) mang tính quyết định
decompose (v) phân hủy
deem (v) coi là
deficiency (n) sự thiếu hụt
defrost (n) sự rã đông
defy (moral) (v) coi thường, chống lại
degeneration (phr) sự tha hóa (về đạo đức)
degradation (n) sự giảm sút, kém dần
deleterious (adj) có hại, tác hại
delirious (adj) ghê gớm, cuồng nhiệt, mạnh
deluge (v) ngập lụt
demanding
deprive (adj) đòi hỏi cao
depth (v) lấy đi, cướp mất
deploy (n) chiều sâu
derail (v) triển khai, dàn trận
descendant (v) (làm) chệch đi
designate (n) hậu duệ
destitution (v) chỉ định
deter (n) sự khốn cùng
deteriorate (v) ngăn chặn lại
detrimental (v) làm giảm giá trị
devastate (adj) có hại, ảnh hưởng xấu
devise (v) tàn phá
dexterity (v) rút ra từ
diminish (n) sự khéo léo
discern (v) giảm bớt
disciplinary (v) nhận thức, nhận ra, chỉ ra
discourtesy (adj) mang tính kỷ luật, luật lệ, quy định
dire (n) sự bất lịch sự
disparity (adj) cực kỳ nghiêm trọng
disqualification (n) sự chênh lệch
disrupt (n) sự bị loại
dissimilarity (v) làm gián đoạn
dissipating (n) tính khác nhau
distance (adj) đang biến mất dần
learning (phr) sự học từ xa
distinct (adj) rõ rệt
distort (v) bóp méo
distressing (adj) lo lắng, phiền muộn
diverse (adj) khác nhau
doodle (v) viết nguệch ngoạc
downside (n) sự bất lợi
doom (n) sự diệt vong
downsizing (n) sự cắt giảm (quy mô)
drain (v) rút cạn
dramatize (v) làm to chuyện, bi kịch hóa ván đề
dwindling (adj) thoái hóa, giảm dần
E
earnings (n) tiền lương kiếm được
eco-friendly (adj) thân thiện với môi trường
eco-system (n) hệ sinh thái
edge (n) lợi thế
efficiency (n) tính hiệu quả trong công việc
effortless (adj) không tốn công sức, dễ dàng
elaborate (adj) chi tiết (v) giải thích thêm cho rõ
electrifying (adj) đầy hấp dẫn, hứng thú
elite (adj) ưu tú, xuất chúng
embark (+ on) (v) tham gia, bắt tay vào
emerge (v) hiện lên, nổi lên
empirical (adj) dựa vào kinh nghiệm thực tế
empoisoned (adj) bị nhiễm độc
emulation (n) sự ganh đua
encompass (v) bao gồm, chứa đựng
encounter (v) bắt gặp, đương đầu với
endeavour (v&n) (sự) cố gắng
endurance (n) khả năng chịu đựng
energy-reliant (adj) phụ thuộc vào năng lượng
enforce (v) thực thi
engage (v) tham gia
enhance (v) nâng cao
ensue (v) kéo theo, sinh ra từ
entail (v) yêu cầu
entrust (v) giao phó (cho)
environmentally-unfriendly (adj) không thân thiện với môi trường
equality (n) sự bình đẳng
equal (v) bằng với, đồng nghĩa với
equilibrium (n) sự cân bằng
equipped (p2) được trang bị
equitable (adj) công bằng, không thiên vị, hợp lí
equivalent (n) tương đương
era (n) thời kỳ
erratic (adj) hay thay đổi
eschew (v) tránh làm gì, kiên cưỡng làm gì
essential (adj) cần thiết
etiquette (n) phép xã giao
ever-changing (adj) luôn thay đổi
ever-present (adj) luôn hiện diện
evidently (adv) hiển nhiên
excel (v) xuất sắc
excessive (adj) quá nhiều
exclusive (adj) độc quyền, độc nhất
exclusively (adv) chỉ độc nhất
executive (n) viên chức cao cấp
exert (v) gây ra
exhaustive (adj) gây kiệt sức
exorbitant (ạdj) đắt đỏ
exotic (adj) đẹp lạ, ngoại lai
expectancy (n) tuổi thọ dự tính
expedient (adj) bổ ích
expulsion (n) sự đuổi
expurgate (v) cắt gọt bớt
extension (n) sự gia hạn
extent (n) phạm vi
eyesore (n) thứ gây nhức nhối, đau mắt

F
fabricate (v) làm giả
fall from grace (phr) sự mất đi vị thế
false hope (n) ảo tưởng
fanatic (n) người hâm mộ quá khích
fauna (n) hệ động vật
feasible (adj) khả thi
fertile (adj) phong phú, dồi dào
fervor (n) sự cuồng nhiệt, máu lửa
fervent (adj) cháy bỏng
finalize (v) chốt hạ, đã hoàn thành
first-hand (adj) trực tiếp, lần đầu
fleeting (adj) thoáng qua
flexibility (n) sự linh hoạt
flock (v) đổ xô ra
flora (n) hệ thực vật
flourish (v) thịnh vượng, phát triển
foreseeable (adj) có thể nhìn thấy trước, gần
forefront (n) tuyến đầu
formaldehyde (n) tên một loại chất bảo quản (phóc-môn)
formidable (adj) khó vượt qua
formulate (v) tạo ra, đề xuất
forthwith (adv) ngay lập tức
foster (v) khuyến khích, xây dựng, bồi đắp
fundamental (adj) cơ bản
fruitful (adj) nhiều lợi ích, thành công
full(y)-fledged (adj) trưởng thành, đủ lông đủ cánh
G
gear towards (v) định hướng, hướng đến
generate (v) tạo ra, đưa ra
glance . (n) ánh nhìn thoáng qua
glowing (adj) rực rỡ
Gratitude (n) sự biết ơn
grave (adj) ghê gớm, nghiêm trọng
groundbreaking (adj) có tính đột phá
gryelling (adj) khó nhằn
H
habitat (n) môi trường sống
halt (v) dừng, ngưng
handicap (n) điều bất lợi
hapless (adj) không may mắn
hardship (n) sự khó khăn
harmoniously (adv) hài hòa
harmony (n) sự hòa hợp
harsh (adj) nặng nề, khắc nghiệt
hatred (n) lòng căm thù
heart-breaking (adj) gây đau lòng
heated (adj) sôi nổi, nóng bỏng
heed (n) sự chú ý
heedless (adj) không chú ý
heighten (v) (làm) tăng thêm
herbal (adj) thuộc thảo mộc
highly-educated (adj) có trình độ học vấn cao
high-tech (adj) công nghệ cao
highlight (n) nhấn mạnh
hinder (v) cản trở
hone (v) trau dồi, mài giũa
horde (n) đám
honor student (phr) sinh viên cử nhân tài năng
hospitalization (n) sự nhập viện
host (n) nước chủ nhà
hostility (n) thái độ thù địch
human-induced (adj) do con người gây ra
humbly (adv) khiêm nhường

I
identification (n) nét để nhận diện
ignite (v) kích thích, làm bùng hơn
illicit (adj) trái phép, bị cấm
illustration (n) sự minh họa
ill-mannered (adj) thô lỗ
illustrate (v) minh họa
illustration (n) sự minh họa
illustrative (adj) mang tính minh họa
immediacy (n) sự gần gũi
(since time) immemorial (idiom) từ thuở xa xưa
immense (adj) nhiều, to lớn
be immersed (in) (adj) chìm đắm vào
immoral (adj) không có đạo đức
impactful (adj) có ảnh hưởng
impart (v) truyền đạt
impecunious (adj) túng thiếu
impede (v) làm trở ngại

78
impediment (n) điều ngăn trở
imperative (adj) cấp bách
impetus (n) sự thúc đẩy, động lực
impose (v) bắt áp dụng lên
impoverished (adj) bần cùng, nghèo khó
impressionable (adj) dễ bị ảnh hưởng
incentive (n) khuyến khích, khích lệ
incessant (adj) liên miên
inclined (adj) có xu hướng, có thiên hướng
income (n) thu nhập
incur (v) phát sinh
incurable (adj) không thể chữa được
indeed (adv) đúng vậy
in-depth (adj) kỹ lưỡng
indicate (v) cho biết, chứng tỏ
indicator (n) dấu hiệu chỉ ra
indubitable (adj) rõ ràng
inevitable (adj) không thể tránh được
inexorable (adj) không thể lay chuyển hay thay đổi được
information-packed (adj) đầy ắp thông tin
inflate (V) làm tăng lên, lạm phát
inhabitant (n) dân cư
inhalation (n) sự hít vào
inherently (adv) vốn đã từ trước
initial (adj) ban đầu
injustice (n) sự bất công
innovation (n) sáng kiến
innumerable (adj) nhiều không đếm được
inquisitive (adj) mang tính tò mò
instantaneously (adv) ngay lập tức
instill (v) làm thấm nhuần
institution (n) nơi học tập
(be) instrumental (in) (adj) góp phần, có công trong việc gì
insurmountable (adj) không vượt qua được
intake (n) sự hấp thụ
intangible (adj) vô hình, không thấy được
intensely (adv) vô cùng, to lớn
interfere (v) gây trở ngại, can thiệp
interlocution (n) cuộc đàm thoại
internalization (n) sự tiếp thu
intricate (adj) phức tạp
invariably (adv) luôn luôn
involuntarily (adj) vô tình, không cố ý
irrefutable (adj) không chối cãi được
irrelevant (adj) không phù hợp
irrespective (adj) bất chấp
79
irrigation (n) sự tưới tiêu (trong nông nghiệp)
issue (n) vấn đề

J
jeopardize (v) đe doạ
joint (adj) chung
jubilantly (adv) rạng ngời, rạng rỡ
juggle (v) sắp đặt, thu xếp
justification (n) sự chứng minh

L
labour (n) lao động
laden (with) (adj) chất đầy lên
latter (pron) cái/điều/người đằng sau
lavishly (adv) tràn Ian
lean towards (v) theo (phe)
legalize (v) hợp pháp hóa
legitimate (adj) chính đáng, phù hợp luật pháp
levy (v) áp đặt cho, áp chế phải theo
liability (n) trách nhiệm
lifelong (adj) cả đời
lifespan (n) tuổi thọ
life-threatening (adj) đe dọa tới tính mạng
like-minded (adj) cùng tư tưởng
limitless (adj) vô hạn
litter (v) xả rác
long-lasting (adj) kéo dài lâu
loophole (n) khe hở (để lách luật)

M
magnanimous (adj) cao thượng, công bằng
managerial (adj) thuộc về quản lý
malady (n) tệ nạn
malicious (adj) sự hiểm độc
maltreatment (n) sự ngược đãi
mandate (v) ra quy định, bắt phải theo
manifold (adj) nhiều
marvellous (adj) tuyệt vời
mastery (n) sự tinh thông
materialism (n) sự quá xem trọng vật chất
materialistic (adj) nặng về vật chất
mature (adj) trưởng thành
measure (n) biện pháp
mediocre (adj) bình dân
merge (v) hợp nhắt
80
merit (n) chất lượng, cái lợi, mặt tốt
metropolitan (adj) đô thị
milieu (n) môi trường
misapprehend (v) hiểu sai
misconduct (n) hành vi xấu
misdeed (n) hành vi xấu
mistrust (n) sự thiếu tin tưởng
momentous (adj) quan trọng, kì vĩ
morale (n) chí khí, tinh thần
motion (n) động cơ
mount (v) tăng dần
multiple (adj) nhiều
mutual (adj) chung
myriad(s) (n) vô vàn

N
navigate (v) thông qua, tìm vị trí, tìm đường
national pride (phr) niềm tự hào dân tộc
needless (adj) không cần
need-related (adj) có liên quan đến nhu cầu thực tế
negate (v) phủ nhận
negative (adj) có hại
neglect (n&v) (sự) thờ ơ
neglectful (adj) bỏ qua, thờ ơ
negotiate (v) thương lượng
nerve-racking (adj) cần nhiều suy nghĩ, nặng đầu
niche (n) vị trí thích hợp
nimble (adj) nhanh trí
non-academic (adj) ngoài giờ học chính
non-biodegradable (adj) không dễ phân hủy trong môi trường
non-discriminatory (adj) không phân biệt đối xử
non-disposable (adj) không thể vứt bỏ
norm (n) chuyện bình thường, quy phạm, quy chuẩn
notch up (phr.v) đạt được, giành được
noteworthy (adj) đáng bàn, chú ý
notion (n) khái niệm
notorious (adj) tai tiếng
novel (adj) mới lạ
numerous (adj) nhiều

o
obscene (adj) tục tĩu
obsolete (adj) lỗi thời
obstruct (v) cản trở
obtain (v) đạt được
obviate (v) xóa bỏ
obvious (adj) hiển nhiên
offspring (n) con cái
oftentimes (adv) thường xuyên
open-minded (adj) cởi mở
81
 optimal (adj) tối ưu
organizational (adj) (thuộc) tổ chức
originate (v) bắt nguồn (từ)
overlook (v) bỏ qua
outcast (n & adj) (người/vật) bị lãng quên
outcome (n) kết quả
outdo (v) vượt quá
outing (n) cuộc đi chơi
outlet (n) chuỗi
outsize (adj) to lớn hơn
outweigh (v) trội hơn
overdependent (adj) quá phụ thuộc
overlook (v) lờ đi
over-protectiveness (n) sự bảo vệ quá mức cần thiết
overshadow (v) trội hơn, quan trọng hơn
overwhelming (adj) cực kì, quá mạnh

P
pace (n) nhịp điệu
partially (adj) phần nào
participant (n) những người tham gia
passionate (adj) đam mê
patriotism (n) tình yêu nước
peer (n) bạn đồng trang lứa
pension (n) tiền trợ cấp
per se (adj) thực chất
perk (n) lợi ích
pernicious (adj) nguy hại
perspective (n) quan điểm
pertain (v) gắn liền với
pervade (v) lan truyền
pivotal (adj) thiết yếu, then chốt
platform (n) sàn, nền tảng
plausible (adj) hợp lí, đáng tin, xác đáng
plenitude (n) một số lượng lớn
pick up (phr. v) học lỏm
pin down (phr.v) xác định rõ
pool (v) hùn cùng với nhau
portray (v) miêu tả
populace (n) cư dân
pose (v) đặt ra
possess (v) chiếm hữu, sở hữu
post-secondary (adj) sau trung học
posture (n) tư thế, dáng điệu
potential (n) tiềm năng
precedence (n) sự ưu tiên hơn
precipitious (be) (adj) đột ngột
predisposed (v) có xu hướng
preferable (adj) thích hợp hơn
preferential (adj) có ưu tiên, thiên vị hơn
82
prejudice (n) thành kiến
prelude (n) việc mở đầu, sự làm quen dần
prerequisite (adj) là điều kiện tiên quyết cho
preservative (n) chất bảo quản
pressurized (p2) chịu nhiều áp lực
prestigious (adj) đầy cảm hứng
prevalent (adj) thịnh hành, tràn lan
prevalence (n) sự thịnh hành
priceless (adj) vô giá
pricey (adj) đắt giá
pride (oneself on) (v) tự hào về
prime (adj) tiêu biểu
prioritize (v) ưu tiên
priority (n) sự ưu tiên
privilege (n) đặc quyền
proactive (adj) chủ động giải quyết
(in all) probability (idiom) nhiều khả năng là
problematic (adj) nhiều vấn đề
proceed (v) tiếp tục
productive (adj) tạo ra
proficiency (n) sự tài giỏi, tinh thông
proficient (adj) tài giỏi
profitability (n) tính sinh lời
profound (adj) có ảnh hưởng sâu rộng, sâu sắc
profusion (n) dồi dào, thừa thãi
progeny (n) thế hệ con
prohibit (v) cấm đoán
proliferate (v) sản sinh nhanh
prolong (v) kéo dài
prominent (adj) nổi bật
promote (v) đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy
promulgate (v) tuyên truyền
proofread (v) đọc lại và sửa
propose (v) đề xuất
proscribe (v) cấm đoán, bài trừ
prosocial (adj) hướng tới cộng đồng
protest (v) phản đối, biểu tình
protocol (n) nghi thức
provision (n) sự cung cấp
pursue (v) đi tìm
pursuit (n) sự theo đuổi

Q
quick-thinking (adj) khả năng suy nghĩ trong thời qian ngắn
R
railroad (v) bắt phải làm
realization (n) sự nhận ra
reap (v) gặt hái
recipient (n) người nhận
83
recuperate (v) phục hồi
recyclable (adj) có thể tái chế được
reference (n) sự tham khảo
reform (n) sự cải cách
registration (n) sự đăng ký
rehabilitation (n) sự phục hồi
reinforce (v) củng cố thêm
reinforcement (n) sự tăng cường, cải thiện
refrain (from) (v) cai, nhịn làm gì
relevant (adj) thích hợp
renounce (v) bác bỏ
render (v) khiến cho, làm cho
resentment (n) sự oán giận
reservoir (n) kho, nơi cung cấp trữ lượng lớn
resilient (adj) kiên cường
restriction (n) sự giới hạn
retention (n) sự giữ lạl
retentive (adj) có khả năng ghi nhớ
revamp (v) sửa sai
reverse (v) đảo ngược
revolutionary (adj) mang tính cách mạng
revolutionize (v) cách mạng hóa, thay đổi hoàn toàn
rift (n) rạn nứt
rigorous (adj) khắc nghiệt
riot (v) làm loạn
riotous (adj) làm xáo trộn, huyên náo
rival (n) địch thủ, đối thủ
riveting (adj) mê hoặc
run riot (phr) bay ra, thỏa sức tung hoành
ruthless (adj) tàn nhẫn, vô lương tâm

S
said (adj) đã đề cập ở trên
scrutinize (v) đọc sâu, tỉ mỉ, soi xét
secluded (adj) hẻo lánh
seeker (n) người đi tìm
self-actualization (n) sự tự biến thành hiện thực
self-defense (n) phòng vệ
self-determined (adj) quyết tâm
self-disciplined (adj) có tinh thần tự giác cao
self-directed (adi) tự định hướng
senior (n) người lớn tuổi
sensory (adj) thuộc về cảm giác
sequelae (n) di chứng, sự tiếp tục, kết quả
severe (adj) nghiêm trọng
shoulder (v) chịu trách nhiệm
side (with) (v) ủng hộ
84
significance (n) tầm quan trọng
simultaneity (n) sự đồng thời, cùng lúc
simultaneously (adv) làm cùng một lúc
slash (v) làm giảm
societal (adj) thuộc về xã hội
soar (n) sự tăng vọt
sole (adj) độc nhất
solidarity (n) tình đoàn kết
sophisticate (v) làm cho rắc rối
straighten out (phr.v) làm rõ
spark (v) kích thích
specifically (adv) cụ thể là
specialize (v) chuyên sâu vào
(shopping)spree (n) sự mua sắm quá độ
stain (v) vấy bẩn
stakeholder (n) người nắm cổ phần
standardize (v) tiêu chuẩn hóa
steadfast (adj) vững vàng, kiên định
stiff (adj) cứng rắn, không thay đổi
strain (v) đặt gánh nặng lên
strenuous (adj) tốn nhiều sức lực
stride (n) nỗ lực
stringent (adj) nghiêm ngặt
strum (v) đánh đàn phong cách quạt chả
stroll (v) đi dạo
substantial (adj) đáng kể, tương đối
subsidize (v) hỗ trợ, trợ cấp
subsidy (n) tiền trợ cấp
substitute (v) thay thế
sufficient (adj) đủ
suffocation (R) sự ngạt thở, sự làm ngạt thở
suite (n) phòng (trong khách sạn)
superb (adj) xuất sắc
superior (adj) tốt hơn, trội hơn, là cấp trên của
superiority (n) sự vượt trội
supervise (v) giám sát
supervision (n) sự giám sát
supplementary (adj) mang tính phụ trợ
surface (v) nảy sinh
(a) surfeit (of) (n) nhiều
surge (n&v) (sự) tăng vọt
surpass (v) duy trì, đảm bảo
sustain (v) vượt xa
sweat (v) đổ mồ hôi;
(in full) swing (n) mồ hôi (idiom) ở giai đoạn cao trào
synchronization (n) sự đồng bộ

85
T
tackle (v) xử lý, đương đầu với
tension (n) sự căng thẳng
term (v) đặt tên/gọi là
tertiary (adj) bậc đại học, xếp thứ ba
think outside the box (phr) suy nghĩ khác biệt
therapeutic (adj) mang tính trị liệu
thoroughly (adv) một cách tỉ mỉ
thrive (v) phát triển
tightened (adj) chặt chẽ
tirelessly (adv) không mệt mỏi
tolerate (v) chịu đựng
(take a) toll (on) (idiom) gây hại
to mention/name but a few (phr) vân vân
top-notch (adj) hàng đầu, ưu tú
toxicity (n) độc tố
transcend (v) vượt xa
translate (into) (phr.v) chuyển hóa thành
transparency (n) sự minh bạch
transpire (v) diễn ra, xảy ra
transplant (n) sự cấy ghép
trauma (n) sự tổn thương
traverse (v) đi ngang qua
treatment (n) sự điều trị
tremendous (adj) to lớn, quan trọng
trendy (adj) theo xu hướng
trustworthy (adj) đáng tin
turmoil (n) sự rối loạn

u
ubiquitously (adv) khắp mọi ngả đường
ubiquity (n) sự có mặt khắp nơi
unavoidable (adj) không thể tránh khỏi
undemanding (adj) không đòi hỏi khắt khe
undeniable (adj) không thể chối bỏ
underlying (adj) ẩn sau
undermine (v) hủy hoại, làm kém đi
underwater (adj & adv) dưới nước
undoubtedly (adv) chắc chắn là
unease (n) sự bất ổn
unprecedented (adj) chưa từng có tiền lệ
unquestionably (adv) không có gì đáng hỏi, rõ ràng
unquestioningly (adv) không dám hỏi
unviable (adj) không tồn tại được
unwind (v) xả hơi, thư giãn
upbeat (adj) sôi động

V
vandalise (v) phá hoại tài sản
86
vandalism (n) sự phá hoại tài sản
vary (v) khác nhau
vast (adj) rộng lớn
vendor (n) người bán rong
vermicelli (n) bún
viable (adj) có thể tồn tại được
vibrant-colored (adj) màu nổi
vicissitude (n) thăng trầm
vindication (n) minh chứng, bằng chứng
violate (v) vi phạm
virtual (adj) ảo, trên mạng
virus-stricken (adj) bị ảnh hưởng do virus
virtue (n) đức hạnh, ưu điểm
volition (n) ý muốn
vulnerable (adj) dễ bị tấn công

w (adj) giàu có
well-heeled (adj) toàn diện
well-rounded (adj) rộng khắp
widespread (n) cách giải quyết khác
workaround (n) nhân lực
workforce (n) người làm điều sai trái
wrongdoer

Y
yearly (adj) hàng năm
yearning (n) mong muốn, khao khát
yield (v) đạt được, tạo ra

87
88