1.

Aerobic MBBR

Treatment Carrier Parameter Findings References

considered
Performance

Municipal Polyurethane foam Filling ratio, Retention  TOC and ammonium removal efficiency was higher (Chu and Wang, 2021)
wastewater (PU) and Polymer time
in reactor 2 filled with PU carriers than in reactor 1
(China) polycaprolactone
(PC) filled with PC carriers at an hydraulic retention time
(China)
of 14 h.
 MBBR filled with PU carriers showed good
performance in TOC and ammonium removal due to
the fact that numerous microorganisms were
entrapped on the pores of the PU carriers which
enhance the nitrifiers to inhibit.

Municipal Polystyrene, Filling ratio, Retention  Polystyrene carrier showed the most efficient (Makisha et al., 2021)
Polyvom time
wastewater removal of BOD from 155 to 8 mg/L and NH4
(Rusia)
(Rusia) removal from 22.1 to 3.1 mgN/L with filling ratio
10%; polyvom carrier ensured the best performance
with filling ratio of 20% to provide removal of BOD
from 161 to 6.7 mg/L and NH4 removal from 26.6
 to 4.9 mgN/L.

Palm oil mill Hexafilter (HEX), Media filling fraction  MFF of 50%, the HEX media had more bacterial (Abu Bakar et al.,
effluent (Malaysia)
(MFF), Retention time communities, which is why HEX exhibited a better 2020)
(POME)
(Malaysia) treatment performance at 50% MFF and an HRT of 72
hour.
 Presence of microorganisms trapped within the surface
enables HEX to perform better in the removal of COD
and NH3-N at certain RTs and MFFs.
 MBBR demonstrated the best COD (59.4%) and NH3-N
(94.4%) removal by using HEX at the best MFF and RT
of 50% and 72 h.
Dairy High Density Organic Load, Filling  MBBR shows to have a good performance to treat dairy (Santos et al., 2020)
wastewater Polyethylene
ratio, Retention time wastewater, reaching a removal efficiency of 98% after
(Portugal) HDPE
(Portugal) 8 h of treatment, using a FR of 20% for a lower COD
concentration of 600–800 mg O2/L.
 MBBR shows to be more stable when a FR of 40% is
used, which allows a reduction of the HRT from 8 to 4
h, reaching a COD removal of 95%.
 Textile BIOFILL C-2 Retention time  MBBR showed that it was a better alternative than (Xuefei Yang, Victor
wastewater plastic
conventional activated sludge (CAS), with a comparable Lopez-Grimau, 2020)
(Spain) (Spain)
COD removal rate to CAS and a more efficient color
reduction, while the treating capacity was doubled.
 MBBR is a best option for textile wastewater treatment
at an industrial-scale plan since has lower investment
costs and lower CAPEX.
 MBBR reduces the environmental impacts as it reduces
the electricity consumption and decolorizing agent.

Industrial Polyethylene Filling Ratio,  Nitrate removal rates with FRs of 20%, 30%, 40%, and (Zhao et al., 2019)
wastewater (China)
Retention time 50% were 94.3 ± 3.9%, 87.7 ± 7.3%, 89.7 ± 11.6%, and
(China)
94.6 ± 4.0%.
 30% FR was recommended as the optimal carrier FR for
the denitrifying MBBR which provides theoretical
support for the construction and operation.
Textile Rice husks Retention time  In 22 days the decolourization rates were stable against (Santos-Pereira et al.,
wastewater (Brazil)
the change of HRT. Also, system could handle the 2019)
(Brazil)
fluctuations after 80 days of treatment and without
change the rice husks.
  Cost effective system, since rice husks are cheaper than
MBBR solutions, and it could be applied for the textile
wastewater treatment.
 Rice husk is a versatile material because in addition as
acting as a carrier material, it is also a source of
microorganisms.
Dye Granular activated Retention time  Maximum removal efficiency of about 90% of COD (Kannan et al., 2018)
Wastewater carbon
and 95 % BOD of was achieved in 4 hours of retention
(India) (India)
time.
 Moving Bed Biofilm process alongside Granular
Activated Carbon can be utilized as a perfect and
effective choice for the aggregate organics and
supplement expulsion from colour squander water.
 MBBR-GAC can evacuate the physical and compound
attributes of the waste water from the coloring business
effectively.
Municipal Diatomaceous Retention time  Diatomaceous earth was chosen as carriers for (Zhao et al., 2016)
wastewater
Earth anaerobic MBBR, because it offered an appropriate
(China)
surface area and high porosity to adsorb pollutant and
(China)
provided a substrate onto which microorganism can
attach and grow.
  MBBR process with diatomaceous earth could removed
chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus,
ammonium-nitrogen, and turbidity at the highest rate of
88.5, 83, 92.3, and 96.7%, respectively, with a hydraulic
retention time of only 2.5 hours.
Oilfield Unmodified and Filling ratio, Retention  Novel suspended ceramic carrier has high strength, (Dong et al., 2011)
wastewater sepiolite-modified
time optimum density (close to water), and high porosity.
(China) suspended ceramic
(China)  At 190 days, removal efficiency of chemical oxygen
demand was the highest in reactor 3 (sepiolite-modified
carriers), followed by reactor 2 (unmodified carriers),
with the lowest in reactor 1 (activated sludge reactor), at
an HRT of 10 h.
 Reactor 3 was more shock resistant than reactors 2 and
1, indicates that the suspended ceramic carrier is an
excellent MBBR carrier.
References

Abu Bakar, S. N. H., Abu Hasan, H., Mohammad, A. W., Abdullah, S. R. S., Ngteni, R. and Yusof, K. M. M. (2020) ‘Performance of a
laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and its microbial diversity in palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment’, Process Safety
and Environmental Protection. Institution of Chemical Engineers, 142, pp. 325–335.
Chu, L. and Wang, J. (2021) ‘Comparison of polyurethane foam and biodegradable polymer as carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for
treating wastewater with a low C/N ratio’, Chemosphere. Elsevier Ltd, 83(1), pp. 63–68.
Dong, Z., Lu, M., Huang, W. and Xu, X. (2011) ‘Treatment of oilfield wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors using a novel suspended
ceramic biocarrier’, Journal of Hazardous Materials. Elsevier B.V., 196, pp. 123–130.
Kannan, V. (2018) ‘Treatment of Dye Waste Water Using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor & Granular Activated Carbon [ MBBR-GAC ]’,
(December).
Makisha, N. (2021) ‘Application of biofilm carrier in aerobic reactors as a method to improve quality of wastewater treatment’, Hydrology, 8(2).
Santos-Pereira, G. C., Corso, C. R. and Forss, J. (2019) ‘Evaluation of two different carriers in the biodegradation process of an azo dye 09
Engineering 0907 Environmental Engineering’, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 17(2), pp. 633–643.
Santos, A. D., Martins, R. C., Quinta-Ferreira, R. M. and Castro, L. M. (2020) ‘Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for dairy wastewater
treatment’, Energy Reports. Elsevier Ltd, 6, pp. 340–344.
Xuefei Yang, Victor Lopez-Grimau, M. V. M. C. (2020) ‘Economic , and Environmental Perspectives’, Water.
Zhao, Y., Cao, D., Liu, L. and Jin, W. (2016) ‘Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Moving-Bed-Biofilm Reactor with Diatomaceous Earth as
Carriers’, Water Environment Research, 78(4), pp. 392–396.
Zhao, Y., Yuan, Q., He, Z., Wang, Haiyan, Yan, G., Chang, Y., Chu, Z., Ling, Y. and Wang, Huan (2019) ‘Influence of carrier filling ratio on
the advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent by denitrifying MBBR’, International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 16(18).