Report on Energy Audit Conducted At MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE Bengaluru By R.N.Kamdin & Associates Bengaluru kamdinrohint« n@yahoo.co.in March-2018Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College Table of Contents Abbreviations .. Acknowledgement ..... Executive Summary. 1 Introduction.. 1.1 About the Facility. 1.2 Background of Study 1.3 Methodology of Study... 2. Past Electricity Consumption Analysis. 2.1 BESCOM Bills. 2.2 Generation from Solar PV Power Plant 2.3. Total Consumption 3. Electrical Power System: 3.1. Transformer Loading 3.2 0GSets.... 3.3. Rooftop Solar PV System. 4° Load Analysis 4.1 Hostel Load... 4.2 Convent & Chapel Load 4.3. College Load .. 4.4 Auditorium Load .. 4.5 Overall consumption break up 5 Other Loads.. 5. Pumps 5.2 Lighting & Fans. 6 Recommendations and Conclusions. ANNEXURE ...0 ‘Annexure-1: Energy Monitoring Plan. R.N. Kamdin & Associates 2Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College List of Figures Figure 3-1: Voltage level at the LT side of the Transformer... Figure 3-2: Load Current Profile on Transformer Figure 3-3: Load Profile of the College Figure 3-4: Snail Track Effect on few solar panéls Figure 3-5: Thermal Image of the affected panel Figure 3-6: Damaged Panel on GIB Block.. Figure 3-7:Generation Pattern from Solar PV System. Figure 4-1: Load Pattern of Hostel... Figure 4-2: Load Pattern of Convent & Chapel Figure 4-3: Current Profile of College Loads.. Figure 4-4: College Load. Figure 4-5:Air Conditioning System Load in DJB Auditorium ..... Figure 6~ : Schematic of Capacitor Bank connection ip Auditorium AC Panel... Figure 6-2: Photo of dust loaded and clean solar panels... Figure 6-3: Terminal heating of Solar PV power supply in the panel. List of Tables Table 2-1: BESCOM Bill Analysis Table 2-2: BESCOM electricity consumption pattern .. Table 3-1: DG Set Measurements.. Table 4-1: DIB Auditorium Criller Load Table 4-2: Consumption breakup of the College Premises Table 4-3: Night time loads in different Blocks of the College: Table 5-1: Borewell and well pumps power consumption. Table 5-2: Lighting and fans Table 5-3: Outdoor Lighting fixture details RON. Kamdin & Associates 3Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College Abbreviation A : Ampere Ac Air Conditioner APEC : Automatic power Factor Controller BD + Billing Demand BESCOM _: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited © : Contract Demand cre : Compact Fluorescent Lamp TL : Fluorescent Tube Light HI High Tension kya. + kilo Volt Ampere kw : kilo Watt kwh kilo Watt hour kw kilo Watt peak LED ght Emitting Diode Leo : Liter Per Day ww : Low Tension MD : Maximum Demand : Photo Voltaic & : Voltage Watt R..N. Kamdin & Associates 4Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College Acknowledgement We express our sincere gratitude for giving us an opportunity to carry out this energy cost reduction study. We sincerely acknowledge the co-operation extended by the Management of Mount Carmiel College, Bengaluru, throughout the study. We would also like to extend our sincere thanks to the Facility Manager and Staff Members, for their kind help during the study period, Team 1, Rohinton N. Kamdin (EA-1540) 2, Shashidhar Dhareshwar (EA-2393) RN. Kamdin & Associates 5Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carniel College Following electricity cost reduction projects have been identified for the college premises: ° a = Simple s pacnin Savings Investment | payback 0. kwh/y | Rs./y Rs. year Installing Capacitor bank of 1 | SO kVAr in AC plant of 48000 | 25000 os Auditorium Replacement of S6W / 40W 2. | FTLs by 18W LED tube 32400 | 222831 | 300000 13 lights |_| Regular cleaning of Solar Panels to keep the % | efficiency of paneis at good | 1250 | 215000 level Total 63,650 | 4,85,831| 3,00,000 | 0.6 ‘The above measures have got the potential of reduction of around 19% in the electricity bill. Average cost of electricity considered for savings is @_6.88%/ kWh, excluding the demand charges. Apart from the above projects, many other recommendations and conclusions are Provided in the Section-6, Major observations made during the study are: * Solar system performance can be improved with some additional care and maintenance. * Major contributor in the night time consumption are admin block loads and LSCB loads. Special monitoring and control are required to minimize them. + DG Sets No. 1, 2 & 3 need some fine tuning for better functioning R.N. Kamdin & Associates 6Energy Audit Report - Mount Carmel College 1 Introduction 4.1 About the Facility 1.1.1 Mount Carmel College is receiving electrical power supply from BESCOM at 11 kV. A Transformer of 500 KVA, 11 kV / 433V rating is installed, 1.1.2. The college Is also having a rooftop Solar PV power plant of 91.2 kWp capacity installed around 4 years back. 1.1.3 For emergency back-up four DG Sets are installed, 3 x 82.5 KVA and one of 140 KVA capactty. 1.1.4 The college supply is also distributed to Hostel, Chapel, Convent and a Primary ‘School apart from Canteen and Food Courts. 1.2. Background of Study 1.2.1 This study is done to understand the electricity consumption pattern of the college and to identify potential for saving opportunities. 1.2.2 To identify the reasons for the night time consumption, which is significantly high compared to day time. 1.2.3. The Solar PV System performance was also under review. 1.3 Methodology of Study 1.3.1 Past electricity bills and log books were collected to understand the past consumption pattern and analysed. 1.3.2. Portable instruments like three phase power analyser, clamp on power meter were used for electrical measurements and recording. A visual IR thermometer is used to identify hot spots in the system and solar panels. 1.3.4. DG Sets are tested for loading and other electrical parameters, 1.3.5 The observations and discussions made with the operating personnel are corroborated with the data collected and electricity consumption is assessed accordingly. RN. Kamdin & Associates 7Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 2 Past Electricity Consumption Analysis 2.1. BESCOM Bills 2.1.1 The applicable tarif for the college is HT2C1, having contract demand (CD) of 250 kVA. The minimum Billing Demand (BD) will be 75% of CD, i.e, 186 kVA. The details of the past few bills are as below: Table 2-1: BESCOM Bill analysis ee peoet creatine | eva | eva ee i sui? | as6as | 257 [os | siers, | 500 | a7aeai | ase sepi7_| 250 | 250 | oor | 25750 -| 625 | a2asso | eae oa17 | 17375 | 188 | 092 | 18500 0 | 168879 | 897 Nov-17_ 197.5 198 | 0.92 23125 500 199948 8.65 peeir | 18.75 | 1s [os | 24ers | 1125 | 210089 | eas Feb-18 | 198.75 199 | 0.90 25500 1250 216617 8.49 average | 2025 | 213 | oo1| 24908 | 607 | atsrs0 | 807 tinimom | 138.8 | 188 | 0.90 | 18500 0 | t65879 | sas Maximum | 256.3 | 257 | 0.02 | o1875 1aso_ | 27seai | 8.97 2.1.2 The average MD was 202.5 KVA and BD was 213 KVA. The average electricity consumption from the BESCOM was 24,938 kWh. The observed variations in consumption are as below: Table 2-2: BESCOM electricity consumption pattern Feb8 Electricity from BESCOM MD R.N. Kamdin & Associates2.1.3 21.4 24.5 2.1.6 217 Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College The consumption from BESCOM was lowest during October-2017 and highest during July-2017, The power factor was around 0.91, which is good, The export units from the solar PV system is on an average 667 kWh per month only. Due to internal loads, export is very minimal. ‘The average cost of the electricity from BESCOM is % 8.67 / kWh, The basic rate applicable is € 6.40 / kWh and additional cost of € 0.15 / kWh on account of fuel Surcharge. A tax of 5% Is levied on the total amount. Demand charge of 8 200 / kVA is applicable, For all saving calculations, electricity cost of ¢ 6.88 / kWh is considered, (© 6.40 Energy charges + € 0.15 FAC + 0.33 tax per kWh) 2.2 Generation from Solar PV Power Plant 2.24 2.2.3 The generation of electricity from Rooftop Solar PV Power Plant varies from season to season, From the past data in the equipment and BESCOM meter for solar, the total Generation by the system in past 4 years was around 2,97,900 kWh, This works out to be average generation of 204 kWh/day, which is very low. But, in the recent past, the average generation figures are as below: January-2017 + 276 kWh/day (Total of 8554 kWh/month) February-2017 : 355 kWh/day (Total of 9958 kWh/month) March-2017 2435 kWh/day So, in the month of March-2017, it is generating around 435 kWh/day, which is good, This has happened after cleaning of the PV Panels. 2.3. Total Consumption 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.34 Considering BESCOM and Solar PV generation, total consumption was around 35,458 kWh during February-2018, Solar generation is around 28% of the total consumption during February-2018, DG Set usage is very minimal, In overall scenario over the year, 79.9% Is received from BESCOM, 20% is generated from Solar and negligible amount of 0.1% is from DG set, R.N. Kamdin & Associates 93 Electrical Power System 3.1 Transformer Loading 3.1.1 Transformer was logged for around 36 hours from the evening of 6” Feb to morning of a Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College February 2017. The observed electrical parameters were as below: V__| Average ‘Maximum RY | aosa_| 3769} a7 va | a022 | a7a7_| —araz ea [4036 | 3747 | aay 3.14.1 The voltage levels were varying from 375V to 427V, with average of 404V. The voltage levels are generally very low during morning hours from 8 am to 11 am. This is due to variations in the supply from BESCOM. In the absence of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) for the transformer, voltage cannot be controlled at the transformer level. 3.4.1.2 The voltage unbalance was 0.5%, which is within the limit of maximum, allowable limit of 1%. 3.1.1.3 The average Voltage Harmonic Distortion (THDV%) was 1.2%, which is also within the acceptable limit of 5%, RN. Kamdin & AssociatesCurrent Energy Audit Report - Mount Carmel College Figure 3-2: Load current profile on transformer a Minimum | Maximum R 29 3460 y 91. 286 3212 8 27 28.4 2995 N 218 106) a7 3.1.1.4 The maximum current recorded during the logging period was 346A in R-phase while function was going on in the Auditorium with full Air Conditioner load, Minimum of 25A was also recorded in R-Phase during night time. 3.4.1.5 The average unbalance was 5.6%, which is well within the allowable limit of 10%, considering the loads of single phase In nature. 3.1.1.6 During night time there was almost continuous load to the tune of 25A to 408 was recorded. 3.1.1.7 The Total Current Harmonic Distortion (THDI%) was around 7% during college hours, which is well conditions. in the permissible limit of 12% under full load R. N. Kamdin & Associates aEnergy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College Load profile of the college ‘Average | Minimum | Maximum ww) 570 | tae | 4655 wa | 656 | 225 | a0 war [23 | 97 | i084 3.1.1.8 The average load recorded on transformer was 57 kW / 66 kVA, 3.1.1.9 Maximum load of 185 KW / 211 KVA was recorded on transformer during auditorium running hours 3.11.10 The reactive power was lagging during college hours, but it was leading slightly during night time. Since, majority of loads in the night time are lighting, fans and refrigerators, the reactive power is leading. Average lagging reactive power during college time was around 60 kVAr. 3.1.1.11 The total night time load has been in the range of 25 to 30 kW in two consecutive nights, during which logging was done. RN. Kamdin & Associates 12Energy Audit Report - Mount Carmel College 3.2 DG Sets 3.2.1 DG sets were tested for their loading and other electrical parameters. The observations are summarised in the following table: Table 3-1: DG set measurements DGSetName | | be Seto [oesetno.2 | DGsctNo-3 | DGSetNo.a Make Kirloskar Kirloskar ‘irloskar Cummins Capacity kVA 25, 82.5 as 140 Voltage Measured Minimum v 405 16 368 407 Average v at a6 373 as ‘Maximum v 415 434 390 422 Frequency Minimum He 505 48.0 435 408 Average He 509 433 a9 500 Maximum He sua 50.3 459 soa Current Measured ‘Minimum a 2B 34 85 29 ‘Average a 36 38 4 a Maximum A 50 40 101, 50 Active Power Minimum kw a 27 48 2 Average kw 24 2 49 7 Maximum kw 32 28 57 32 Apparent Power Minimurn| ka 2 2B 49 2 Average WA 26 8 50 a Maximum kva 32 28 58 32 Reactive power Minimum kvAr 7 iz Average kvar 8 2 Maximum kvar 10 2) 20 6 Power factor Minimum 0.95, 2 082 098 Average 0.95 us 097 0.99 Maximum, 0.96 aie 0.99, 1.00 Specific power Units generated kwh ms a7 63 12.80 Diesel consumed liter 50 40 5.0 60 ‘Specific power __kWh/litro 23 12 13 2a Maximum Load expected 3 at Current a 130 50 a0. 7 ka 83 37 69 50 % 107% 45% 84% 36% R.N. Kamdin & Associates 3BEnergy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.24 3.2.5 ‘The DG set-1 is having the highest load and under full load conditions, it will be overloaded and would trip and hence some loads may be shifted to DG-4, which is very much underloaded, Also, DG set-1 is having slightly higher frequency. The specific power generation was 2.3 kWh/litre, which is acceptable for such an old 0G set. The loading on DG Set-2 is within limits. The frequency was varying between 48 Hz to 50 Hz with minimal load also. Such huge variation is abnormal and not good for the loads as well. Hence, it is suggested to check the speed control and get serviced for getting right frequency. The specific power generation was 1.2 kwh/litre, which is low. With proper servicing and correction of speed it can improve. ‘The DG Set-3 is also loaded correctly at 86% and additional loads cannot be put on. The specific power consumption was 1.3 kWh / litre, which is very low. It has got serious issue in frequency setting. The frequency varied from 43 Hz to 46 Hz, which is very low and needs to be set properly. Also, the voltage level is very low in the range of 368V to 390V. DG Set-4 is operating normally and loaded only to the tune of around 36% under full load conditions. Its specific power generation is 2.1 kWh/litre, which Is normal considering the poor loading. As it is a new DG Set, it’s specific power generation can be increased to 3.2 kWh/litre with increase in loading. 3.3. Rooftop Solar PV System 3.34 3.3.2 3.3.3 334 There is a roof top solar PV power plant of 91.2 kWp capacity. (The total no. of panels is 608 and each is of 150 Wp capacity. 608 x 150 / 1000 = 91.2 kWp). AS per the information available, it was installed 4 years back. The panels are distributed over 8 No. of arrays on the roof top. All the arrays are connected to a junction box on the terrace and single input is given to the inverter in the LT Panel Room. ‘There are few panels, which have developed internal marks, which are called "Snail Track Effect’. But, there was no peeling of the layer. Generally, they are observed due to manufacturing defect and would appear after few days of exposure. However, these marks were noticed recently and hence, exact time of deterioration is not known. Since, these panels are still in the performance sue needs to be reported to the manufacturer. warranty clause, thi ‘Thermal image of the panel is also taken to see any local heating effect. However, R. N, Kamdin & Associates 14Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College there were no local heating effects produced. So, these panels may y be generating the power, Figure 3-4: Snail Track Effect on few solar panels Snail Track Effect The above thermal image shows that, there are no hot spots in the panel, where snail trail effects are found. So, the panel being likely to generate power for time 3.3.5. One of the panels has been physically damaged on GJB building. This is not generating any power and locally getting heated. This Is not good for the system RN. Kamdin & Associates 15Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College and panel has to be replaced. The photo of the same has been attached below: Figure 3-6: Damaged Panel on GIB block Damaged Panel ‘The hot spot developed due to damage of the panel is at 65°C. 3.3.6 Following graph shows the generation pattern over the day: Figure 3-7:Generation pattern from Solar PV system kw. kvA 0 aaa ww [401 | 29 | oo wa | 506 | 00 | 650 war_[ 107 | aaa | 1908] 3.3.7 The maximum generation of 62.9 KW was recorded, which Is 69% of the installed peak capacity of 91.2 kWp. This is a good generation on a normal sunny day 16 RN. Kamdin & AssociatesEnergy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College during this period of the year. 3.3.8 The total AC power supplied to the loads was 418 kWh on 12" March 2018. (on the day it was tested). The total generation from DC (Direct current before inverter) was 460 kWh on the same day. This indicates @ loss of 42 kWh (460- 418), in the inverter, which is a loss of 9% (42/460) in total. The losses in the inverter are slightly higher compared to latest inverter technology available, which will be less than 5% only. RN. Kamdin & Associates 74.1 Hostel Load Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 4 Load Analysis 4.1.41 The hostel load was monitored for from 8" March 2018;16:00 hours to 10" march 2018; :30 and the recorded load pattern was as below: Figure 4-1: Load pattern of Hostel | ——kw —kvA —xkvar Average | Minimum | Maximum [kw 5a 08 109 wa | 5s 12 109) war [00 415 32 4.1.2 The average load of hostel was 5.4 kW and peak load of 10.9 kW was recorded uring night time around 9 pm to 11 pm period. 4.13 4.4 415 ‘The peaking loads of 2.5 kW is of sump water pump, which is operated in auto ‘mode to fill the overhead tank, ‘On an average night time consumption was 91 kWh and day time consumption was 15 kWh, Additional loads of borewell, well pump and primary school are not included in this, RN. Kamdin & Associates 18Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 4.2. Convent & Chapel 4.2.1 The Convent & Chapel load was also monitored from 10" March 2018; 13:25 to 12" March 2018; 8:15 and the recor Figure 4-2: Load pattern of Convent & Chapel 19s were as below: ‘Average | Minimum iw ia 00 38 wa | 12 00 na war [os | 06 56 42.2 4.2.3 4.24 The average loading of 1.1 kW was observed with peak load of 9.9 kW / 11.3 kya. The average day time consumption was 5 kWh and night time consumption was 19 kWh, The peak loads are due to electrical geysers and borewell pump operations. R.N. Kamdin & Associates 19Eneray Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 4.3 College toad 4.3.1. The college load on the main LT panel was monitored from 12" March 2018; 16:45 to 14" March 2018; 9:30. The recorded load was as below: Figure 4-: : Current profile of college loads A] Average | Minimum | Maximum R a2 Cr} 207 [¥ 506 00 2370 L 8 6 00 2249 4.3.2. Maximum load current of 237 A was recorded during early morning hours. This due to switching on Air Conditioner units in auditorium, Otherwise on normal Working days, maximum current of 160A was recorded. 4.3.3, In the above graph, two consecutive night loads are recorded. The average current was around 25, 4.3.4 On the night of 12" March 2018, there were some loads on Y-Phase, which was around 40A. These loads are mainly coming from Labs, wherein some ovens are kept on for experimental purposes. 4.3.5. The average power consumption was 28.5 kW / 31.2 kVA. 4.3.6 Maximum load of 138 kW / 147 KVA was recorded. 4.3.7. The night time load was around 18 kW to 22 kW. 4.3.8 Reactive power was capacitive during night time and around 20 kVAr lagging there. during day time when the college loa RN. Kamdin & Associates 20Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carme! College 4.3.9 Following graph shows the variations in the loads Figure 4-4: College load Time | a | ‘Average | Minimum | Maximum tw | zs [oo | sea wa [312 | 00 | a7 war | a8 | aza [539 4.3.10 The night time load is significant in the college and mainly contributed by + Refrigerators, deep freezers, ovens and UPS system in the labs (LSCB) ‘+ AC units of server room and UPS load in Admin block + The outdoor LED lights, which is not more than 1 kW in total. R. NN. Kamdin & Associates 2Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 4.4. Auditorium load | kw 100 kVA 80 kvar 60 The DJB auditorium is having loads of Air Conditioning 2 x 48TR chillers, 2 No. AHUs and chilled water pumps-4 No. Special and normal Lighting and ‘Sound system The total load of the Air Conditioner system was measured and the loading pattern was as below: Figure 4-5:Air Conditioning system toad in 018 Auditorium 160 140 120 40 20 ° ‘Average | Minimum | Maximum ww | os | zo | i236 wa | 78 | 279 | 1474 war [| as | 159 Bia 4.4.3 The peak load recorded was 123.6 kW / 147.4 kVA (231A), when both the air 444 44.5 conditioners were operating. With single chiller operation, the load was around 52 kw. Reactive power was 81.4 kVAr lagging under full load conditions. ‘The chillers are of 487R and consuming around 51 to 52 kW under full load conditions. From the chilled water flow rate of pumps and temperature drop. across the evaporators, the chilling effect produced by the chiller is calculated as below: RN. Kamdin & Associates 22Energy Audit Report - Mount Carmel College Chilled water inlet ac 24.3 Chilled water outlet °c 21.2 Drop in temperature °c Ba Chilled water flow rate Ips 12 lling effect produced keal/h 133920 TR 44.29 Total power consumed by the chiller = KW S24 Specific power consumption KW/TR 1.15 4.4.6 ‘The specific power consumption of the chillers is 1.15kW/TR, which is good for air cooled chillers of this size. 4.4.7 Power consumption by chillers and auxiliaries are given in the following table. Table 4-1: DJB Auditorium Chiller load AHU Panel - 2 388 24, ‘AHU Panel - 1 55 388 3.6. 5.8 5.9 Chiller water pump-1_ | 3.7 388 39. 23 27. Chiller water pump-2_ | 3.7 388 aad 2.5 2.9 Chiller water pump-3_| 3.7 387 4a 24 2.8 Chiller water pump-4 | 3.7 387 42 23 27 Chiller-2 386 90 Sit | 60.1 Chiller=1 385 92 515 | 613 Total 228.5 | 0.86 | 129.6 | 152.8 4.4.8. The AHU-2 consuming more power than AHU-1. 4.4.9 As per basic design, only one of the chiller pumps is supposed to run. However, both the pumps are operated in parallel. 4.4.10 Since, the loads are huge and power factor Is only 0.86, Capacitor banks can be installed to minimise the current. (See the recommendation section for details). RN. Kamdin & Associates 23Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 4.5. Overall consumption break up 4.5.1 From the measured data analysis, observations and discussions overall consumption of the college is divided into daytime (From 08:30 to 16:30) and night time (16:30 to 08:30) consumption. Following table gives the approximate break up of consumption. (Based upon the data gathered during the field study period between 6 March and 16 March 2018). Table 4-2: Consumption breakup of the college premises Consumption LT Panel-1 464 223 687 UT Panes 280 138 418 New UPS feeder 20 5 25 Hostel 15 9 105 Convent 5 19 24 (Botany garden & primary schoo} s a bu Auditorium 50 Q 50 (Gaeketball cour & Primary schoot)| 78 Es 90 Transformer Losses 37 20 7 Total 1003 530 1533 Source of Supply power From BESCOM 625) 500 125 From Solar PV 378 30 08 Total 4003 530 3533 4.5.2 The LT Panel-1, caters to the load of Archives, GJB, DJB, Admin Block and Home Science. LT Panel-2 caters to the loads of LSCB and Examination Section 4.5.3 Transformer losses are measured to be around 6% and same has been considered. 4.5.4 The electricity consumption during night time is almost 35% of the total (=530/1533) 4.5.5. The total supply from BESCOM was 73% and rest 27% was coming from Solar Pv. R.N. Kamdin & Associates 24Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmef College 4.5.6 Also, night time load was measured separately and the observations were as below: (Measured after 18:00) Table 4-3: Night time loads in different blocks of the college Area | kW. kWh aia 3.5 57 Mca 18 29 Home Science block 1a 17 office 7.9 128 sc 8.2 434 Total 22.5 360 4.5.7 The Office and LSCB are the two-major consumers of power during night time. ‘The office Is having server loads and air conditioning units for the same. LSCB Is having many labs with refrigerators, ovens and UPS loads. R.N. Kamdin & Associates 25Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 5 Other loads 5.1 Pumps 5.1.1 Following are the major borewell and well pumps for water extraction as the groundwater is the source of water. The power consumption detail pumps are as below: of these Table 5-1: Borewell and well pumps power consumption | ssehiains Ravina | Veite kw fv any Garden borewe_| 3.7 | 386 jBotany garden well 3.7, 386 rimary scnootborewen | 4 | 393 | 90 | ot | 5 | 100% primary schoo! weil pump | 1.5 | 220 | sa | oa | 12 | caw [ca8 Borewel 93 | 379 | a7 | 069 | 103 | som borewetl convent « [4a | | ove | a3 | sow stel Sump pump 221 ae | vee oe om 5.1.2 The Primary school borewell pump is fully loaded. 5.1.3 The maximum power is consumed by the GJB borewell of 10.3 kW. 5.2 Lighting & Fans 5.2.1 The college is mainly having mix of 36W and 40W FTLs. The ballast Is also mix of copper and electronic type for indoor lighting. The copper ballast consumes around 10 to 12W and electronic ballast around 4W. So average consumption of each tube is considered to be 45W. Approximate indoor lighting fixtures in the college premises (excluding auditoriums) is as below: Table 5-2: Lighting and fans y No. of FTLS ie ATED. + “(45 Weach) | (Goleta 1 [Hostel 80 60 2 [Class Rooms-Small (80 No.) 320 160 3_| Class Rooms-Big (42 NO.) 252 168 4 | Labs (86 No.) 516 344 5 _| Staff rooms (44 No.) 88 88 6 | Corridors & Others 400 20 Total No. 1356 840 Total kW 61 50 R.N. Kamdin & Associates 26Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 5.2.2 Outdoor lighting is mainly by LED. The details are as below: Table 5-3: Outdoor Lighting fixture details 2 Si A NRESES | wattage |: Tor No. w kw 1_|admin Block 10 30 | 0.30 | 2 \w-teo 2 30 | 0.06 3_ [exp - Tube light 2 “40 | 0.08 4 _ [016 Auditorium 2 30 | 0.06 5 [Basket Ball 4 30 | 0.2 6 [Convent a] 30 | 0.06 7 [Hostel 1 30 | 0.03 | frotat_ 07 R. I. Kamdin & Associates 27Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 6 Recommendations and Conclusions 1. Reduction of Maximum Demand ‘The demand shoots up, whenever Air Conditioner units are started in the Auditorium. ‘There are no fixed capacitor banks installed in the panel. So, Maximum Demand can be reduced by at-least 20 KVA by installing a capacitor bank of 2 x 25 KVAr in the Air Conditioner Panel of the Auditorium. The calculations are as below: Present demand of the AC plant kVA 154 kw 130 Reactive power required to attain unity power factor, kvar 82 Suggested capacitor bank kvar 50 Expected load after installation of capacitor banks kVA 134 Reduction in demand kVA 20 Rate of MD B/KVA 200 Monetary savings per month tenth 4000 Yearly saving @ /year 48000 Expenditure for installing 2 x 25 kVAr capacitor banks 25000 Simple payback period Month 6 ‘The capacitor banks may be connected to the panel in such way that, it will get ON only when the chiller units are started and rest of the time, it should be kept Off. Also, capacitor should be of 440V and heavy duty type for long operating life. Schematic of the connection is shown below: Figure 6-1: Schematic of capacitor bank connection in Auditorium AC panel Tobe switched off (when not in operation re.) ok Pip fat To Chillers and auxiliary loads a 50 kVAr capacitor bank RN. Kamdin & Associates 28Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College 2. Improving efficiency of the Solar PV power plant It has been observed that, the yearly performance of the Solar PV power plant is poor with average generation of 75,000 kWh per year, which should have been around 125,000 kWh per year. This is a drop of 40% from the norms. The main reasons observed for low performance are as below: a. The panel is generally not cleaned regularly. However, a week before the study, panels were cleaned and the generation had improved. The dust loading on the Panels can decrease the performance anywhere between 5% to 50% depending upon the dust loading. So, we strongly recommend to clean the panel at least ‘once in @ month in non-rainy season. This can increase the generation by 20%, which is equal to generation of 31250 kWh per year amounting to © 2.45 lakh per annum, Dust loaded and cleaned photos of the solar panels are shown below: Figure 6-2: Photo of dust loaded and clean solar panels b. There is one panel, which has been damaged and not generating. This can affect the performance of full array depending upon the damage and hence need replacement. ©. Also, many panels have developed * Snail trail effect’ which is basically a manufacturing defect and covered under performance warranty clause of the panels. So, checked. it is recommended to report to the supplier and get them R.N. Kamdin & Associates 29Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College d. The inverter is having a loss of close to 9%, which is very high comparing to latest technology available in the market, which will be less than 5%. However, nothing can be done on this front as replacement Is not feasible, e. Also, the termination lugs of the cable in the LT panel is overheating and needs rework. The thermal image is attached for reference below: Figure 6-3: Terminal heating of Solar PV power supply in the panel 3. Replacement of conventional Fluorescent Tube Lights of 36W / 40W by LED fixture of 18W ‘There are around 1350 FTLs of 36W / 40W with mix of copper and electronic ballast. Many of them are running nearly 8 hours per day. Considering around 600 No. having higher operating hours for replacement with 18W LED tube light, the expected savings and economics are as below: No. of ceiling lights considered for replacement No. 600 ‘Average Power consumption by each fixture w 4s Power consumption by LED tube light w 18.0 Power saved w 27.0 Power saving due to replacing normal FTL by LED fixtures kW 16.2 Average operating hours h/day 8 Yearly operating days days/year 250 Yearly electricity saving kWh/year 32400 Monetary saving @/year 222831 Expenses towards installing LED tube lights e 300000 Simple payback period Year 14 The LED tube lights must be of good quality with harmonic distortion of less than 15%. A reasonable price of & 500 per piece is considered for replacement. R. N, Kamdin & Associates 30Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel! College 4. Improvement in DG Sets ‘There are four DG sets in the college; and out of which only one OG is new and other three are old. Few issues are found in the following DG sets and same needs to be attended to improve the efficiency: The DG Set-1 is having slightly higher frequency in the range of 50.5 to 51 Hz ‘and not steady. Speed setting and regulation needs to be corrected, b- DG Set-2 is also having the similar issue as in OG Set-1, but here the frequency fs on lower side in the range of 48Hz to 50 Hz, © The DG Set-3 is having very low frequency of 43 Hz to 46Hz, The voltage level is also on the very low side in the range of 368 V to 390 V. These parameters are Not good for the loads as well. Needs to be tuned to 50 Hz and 415V. d. The DG Set-1 becomes overloaded under full load conditions exist in the feeders. So, some of the loads may be shifted out or given to DG Set-4, which is very much undetloaued, (Shifting out ot UPS loads is already under progress). 5. Reduction of energy consumption during night time The night time consumption is almost 34% of the total consumption, which is significant, Following suggestions are made to reduce the consumption: ‘The temperature setting of admin block server room Air Conditioner needs to kept in the range of 23°C to 25°C. Too less temperature of below 20°C will increase the consumption significantly. b. The labs may be well informed not to keep the ovens ON, in case any testing ‘material are not kept in them, If possible, pooling of the testing material and keeping them in one or two ovens during night time may be considered. This will reduce the total no. of ovens running in the night. 6. Others ®. Presently, occupants in Hostel and Convent are billed for € 6.0 / kWh even though the average rate works out to be % 8.67 / kWh. So, it is recommended to charge them at the rate of € 8.67 / kWh or the average of particular month, This will include demand charges, FAC and taxes paid to BESCOM, b. For monitoring of consumption an energy meter is suggested in the DG Set-4 change over panel, which supplies power to LSCB and examination section where the night time consumptions are high and there is no metering. Also an energy ‘meter may be installed in the Chiller Panel of the Auditorium. Comprehensive energy consumption monitoring plan is given in the Annexure-1, RN. Kamdin & Associates 31Energy Audit Report ~ Mount Carmel College . Any replacement of fans may be done by 5 STAR BEE STAR rated fans or Super Efficient fans. d. The pumps should not be rewound more than once and may be replaced with new one iFit has been rewound. e. Energy saving messages may be displayed in all the class rooms to switch of fans, lights and projectors while leaving the class rooms. f. The standby mode of projectors in the class rooms should be set to eco or normal mode to avoid burning of the bulb (290 W) unnecessarily when not in use. 9. Rain water harvesting system may be installed to recharge the borewell or wells nearby. h. New Solar Pv Systems may be installed on the vacant space and on the new building under construction on ESCO basis where in the Investor will install and maintain the system and sell the electricity to the college on a discounted rate compared to BESCOM prices. R. N. Kamdin & Associates 32