Attiphot Wijit Jowsuo 1

Gerunds & Infinitives

A gerund is the noun form of a verb that ends in -ing.

Examples: - playing - dancing
- eating - being
A gerund is a noun, and is the subject or object of the sentence.
Examples: Cooking
studying

An infinitive is verb base form. The infinitive of a verb has 2 forms:

1. The infinitive with to
- I want to speak to you.
- We came to work, not to play.
2. The infinitive without to
- She made us wait for half an hour.
- John lets the dog sleep on the sofa.
Infinitives can also be the subject or object of a sentence.

*** All verbs (except for modals) have both a gerund and an infinitive form;
the trick is deciding which form we need ***

Examples: I love watching movies on Fridays = I love to watch movies on Fridays.

Dancing is my passion. = To dance is my passion.

So how do we know which one to use?

We need to follow these rules.....
Rule #1: Some verbs must be followed by Gerund

For example:

×
Verbs followed by gerunds

1. Gerund Usage
1.1 After prepositions must always be followed by a noun.
erunds are nouns
- I made dinner before getting home.
- He looked unhappy after seeing his work schedule.
- I am interested in teaching.
- I made dinner before getting home.
The exception

infinitive:
- I had no choice but to follow her.
- Mary made no stops on the way except to get gas.
1.2 To replace the subject or object of a sentence
- I enjoy drawing.
- Jumping off a cliff is dangerous, but a real thrill.
- Walking is good for your health.

Rule #2: Some verbs must be followed by infinitives

Examples:
needed to sel × needed selling
wanted to × ou wanted changing

1. The infinitive with to

1.1 Subject + Verb + Infinitive with to
1.2 Subject + Verb + Object + Infinitive with to

2. The infinitive without to

1. Follow after modal verb (will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must)
- I can play the guitar.
- Tom will go to London next week.
2. Follow after special verb with direct Object (watch, see, feel, hear, help, let, make, see)
- I watched them bake the bread.
- He saw his wife slap the child.
3. Follow after had better, need, dare, would rather, would sooner, rather than, but, and,
or, except
- They had better be here before we start dinner.
- You need not wait.
2. Infinitive Usage
2.1 To replace the subject or object:
- To be or not to be
- To mourn a mischief that is past and gone is the next way to draw

- Yesterday, I decided to draw.

2.2 After many adjectives:
- It is hard to make dinner this late.
- I find it difficult to describe my feelings about writing research essays.
- It is not easy to graduate from university.
- It is necessary to speak English to work in a hotel.
- It is wonderful to have close friends.
2.3 To show purpose:
- I left for Russia to study Russian.
- I came to the office to solve the mystery of the missing keys.
2.4 The construct too + [adjective
- This dress is too big to wear.
- This car is too expensive to buy.
And the same is true about
- My child is not tall enough to ride this rollercoaster.
- The course was detailed enoughเ to widen his knowledge base.
2.5 Used after certain verbs followed by nouns or pronouns referring to a person.
. - Ask: Can I ask you to help me with something?
- expect: I never expected him to become famous.
- Hire: Did the company hire you just to sit in your office?
- Invite: I invited a friend to attend the ceremony.
- Order: She ordered the child to stay at home.
- Remind: Please remind me to wash the dishes.
- Require: The test required him to concentrate fully.
- Teach: That will teach you to follow the rules!
- Tell: Who told you to come here?
- Urge: They urged me to continue my research.
- Warn: I am warning you not to do this!
 Rule #3: Some verbs can be followed by both gerunds and infinitives
with little or no change in meaning

Rule #4: Some verbs can be followed by both gerunds and

infinitives but the meaning changes.
With a
Verb Meaning With an infinitive Meaning
gerund ไป เลย
ห ด ห ด เ 0 บาง ง อน
He took a break from
He stopped He smoked for a time He stopped to something else he was
Stop smoking. but then he quit. smoke. doing to have a
cigarette.
หลาย ทาง เ อก ทาง เ อก เ ยว
We tried opening
We probably tried other We tried to open The only thing we tried
the door, but it
Try options as well, this is the door, but we was to open the door,
just one of the options. we tried with intention.
budge.
อกไป แ ว แ ม ง ไ ไ อก
She did lock the door, She did not lock the
She forgot locking She forgot to lock
Forget the door.
but then she forgot she
the door.
door because she
had done it. forgot.
นะ do lit
ไป แ ว แ ว ไ She had a list of things
She called her friend
She remembers She remembered to do, calling her friend
Remember calling her friend. and she remembers that to call her friend. was one of them, and
she did.
เ ยดาย ไป แ ว she did it.
เ อ คะเขา อง
They let him go (fired
They regret letting him), but then after They regret to let go yet, but they will,
Regret him go. they felt bad and him go. even though they feel
about it.
มี
ก่
สั่
ทำ
มี
ล็
ยั
ลื
ทำ
ล็
จำ
พี่
ที่ทำ
ทำ
ต้
ดี
ผั่
ร้
ลื
สี
ลื
ด้
ด้
ล้
ม่
ต่
ล้
ล้
ล้
ยุ
ยุ
Exercise 1: Fill the blank with Infinitive with TO & without TO
1. He can ____________
ploy (play) the piano. 2. I want ______________
to see (see) that again.
wotch
3. You must ____________ (watch) the dog. 4. They should ____________
drie (drive) faster.
to เe
5. It's fun ____________ (be) friends. 6. I will ___________
see (see) you later.
7. He would like ___________
to meet (meet) you. 8. We have ___________
to worh (work) very hard.
9. I don't ____________
lihe (like) Spanish. to Ieorn
10. We are here ____________ (learn).
11.You should ___________
พอไร f. feed (feed) a pet.
(wear) a coat. 12. I would like ___________
13. You must ___________
steyroin (stay) in here. 14. People worklive __________
to eorn (earn) money.
15. It's going ____________
to (rain) soon. 16. Paul will _________ (live) in Egypt.

Exercise 2: Gerund or Infinitive

toget
1. Students want _____________ (get) good grades.
surfing
2. My 6-year-old cousin likes ______________ (surf) on the net.
wotching (watch) soap operas on television.
3. Alicia enjoys _____________
tolisten
4. She refuses _____________ (listen) to her father.
5. She decided _____________
tomove (move) in another city.
6. Many drivers avoid _____________
driing (drive) in traffic.
7. Do you feel like ____________
eoting (eat) hamburger?
8. I can't imagine ___________
jvmping end (jump) out of a flying jet.
9. The president wishes ______________
to (end) the war.
10. I would love ___________
to see (see) that movie. I heard it's really good.
11. Mrs. Rogelio is a really good teacher. She always offers _____________
students.
to
help (help) her

topratice
12. Grammar bank is one of the best websites ___________ (practice) English grammar.
wohinyup
13. Those people who are fed up with _____________ (wake up) very early in the
morning can look for part-time jobs.
worning (warn) them
14. Your children are making a lot of noise. Do you mind _____________
about their behavior?
15. The man who was moving in with his friends, said that he was tired of
living
_____________ (live) alone.
ploying
16. The English national soccer team is looking forward to ___________ (play) in USA.
t.hn (have) twins.
17. Many parents think that it is exciting ____________
f. osh
18. Jack's boss gave him a call ____________ (ask) some questions.

college.
tostudy
19. Erin told her parents that she would like _____________ (study) math at a reputable

oeing
20. ______________ (be) a teacher is one of the most popular jobs.
 Exercise 3: Gerund or Infinitive
1. He gave up ______________
gom ing
61 (GAMBLE).
2. I advised him ______________
toosk (ASK) the bus conductor ______________
totell (TELL) him
where ______________
toget (GET) off.
3. We are looking forward ______________
toreod (READ) his new novel.
4. I don't really enjoy ______________
going (GO) to the dentist.
5. I saw the plane ______________
in flames.
creshing going
(CRASH) into the hill and ______________ (GO) up

6. He is said ______________
to เย (BE) the best doctor in the area.
t.hn ow (KNOW) we are here.
7. We don't want anyone ______________
8. Imagine ______________ (LIVE) with someone who never stops ______________
(TALK).
living tdhing
t.PH
9. I offered ______________ (PAY) him but he refused.
stediny
10. He was accused of ______________
11. I don't feel like ______________
(STEAL) the vase. goig
(WORK) ; what about (GO) to the disco instead?
womi^
9

moking
13. Try to avoid ______________ totidy
12. The boys are supposed ______________ (TIDY) up but they don't always do it.
(MAKE) him angry.
writiny
14. ______________Would you mind (WRITE) your name on the back of the document?
fo
15. After ______________ (READ) the article he decided ______________ give (GIVE) up
______________
reainy
smdim (SMOKE).
hdding
16. I suggest ______________ (HOLD) another meeting next week.
going
17. I have no intention of ______________ (GO) to that film again.
tostot
18. I advise you ______________ looking
(START) ______________ (LOOK) for a new flat.
19. It is usually easier ______________
listeniny
toleorn reding
(LEARN) a subject by ______________ (READ)
books than by (LISTEN) to boring lectures.
toloch
20. Don't forget ______________
goiny
(LOCK) the door before ______________ (GO) to bed.

Exercise 4: Fill the blank with (meaning changes).

ไ า แ ว
going
1. I remember ______________(go) the beach when I was a child.
เ น ง อง
to
Gy
2. I was walking home when I remembered _____________ (buy) some milk.
3. My family spent Christmas at Granny's house in 1985, but our brother forgot
going
____________(go) there.
tocdl
4. Oh no! I forgot ___________(call) l my mother, I was doing something else.
chewkg
5. I wanted to stop smoking, so I tried _____________(chew) gum instead.
toatch
6. She tried ____________(catch) the bus, but she couldn't run fast enough.
ร
riing
7. My grandmother stopped __________(drive) when she was 85.
จำ
ทำ
ว่
ทำ
ทั่ต้
สิ่
ป็
ด้
ล้
 toget
8. he was shopping and she stopped __________(get) a cup of coffee.
goiny
9. I regret ___________(go) to bed so late. I'm really tired today.
toinform
10. The company regrets ____________(inform) employees that the London office will
close next year.

Exercise 5: Fill the blank with (meaning changes).

mohing (make) noise. I am trying to concentrate.
1. Kids! Please stop _____________
resting
2. Ezgi: I have a terrible headache. Zeynep: Why don't you try _____________(rest)?
seeing
3. I will never forget ______________(see) that terrible accident.

tell
meeting
4. Do you remember _____________(meet) your best friend for the first time?
5. I regret to _____________(tell) you, but you've failed your English exam.

seeingyod.at
6. You should stop _______________(see) her. She is a great liar.
7. Last night, Melike tried hard______________ (start) the car, but she couldn't.
to
tohm
9 Let's stop _____________
เy
8. Don't forget ______________(buy) bread on your way home.
(have) a drink. I know a good pub on the corner.
seeing
10. I clearly remember ______________(see) her. She looked great in her suit.
doiny
11. Why don't we stop ______________(do) homework and play some computer games?
µ inate
12. If you see Nazlý, remember _____________(invite) her to the party.
moking
13. I can't make a cake. I remember ____________(make) one many years ago. It was as
hard as a rock.
todo
14. You should try ____________ (do) your best. I know you can do much better.
seeing
15. I don't remember ____________(see) Hicran. She is a total stranger to me.
tosee
16. When we arrived in Venice, we stopped _____________ (see) Sinem. She was so glad
to see us.
towin
17. Onur tried hard ______________(win) the exam, but he couldn't.
to เ
18. We stopped _____________(buy) some souvenirs, but no shops were open.
uy
19. Now she regrets _____________(accept) my proposal, but it's too late.
acepting notto เe
20. Yes Sevde, you may go to your friend's house. But try ______________(not/be) late.
smoking
21. He stopped _____________(smoke) and started wrestling.
22. I always remember ____________(lock)
fo /och the door when I go out.
to 6 ooh
23. It is a very busy restaurant. Don't forget _____________(book).
feeding
24. Oh my god! I forgot _______________(feed) the cat.
cantihg
25. Ilyas: I can't sleep. Duygu: You should try ______________(count) sheep.
 Exercise 6: Complete the story using the correct form of .
Farmer Jones met Jane when he was just a young man.
falling
______________ (1. fall) in love with her immediately and asked her to marry him. She said yes

rest of her life.

getting
although she knew it would mean ______________ (2. get) up early to milk the cows for the

haing
_______________ (3. have) to get up
said Farmer Jones, and explained that he
getting
would continue _______________
so Jane could sleep late every day.
(4. get) up early to milk the cows

Everything went well until they tried

_______________
to increne (5. increase) their profits by
buying some chickens. The first night, a fox ate
toduild
one of the chickens. Farmer Jones decided _______________ (6. build) a
fence to protect the chickens. But the ground
He tried ________________
toue (7. use) an axe to break the ground but it was much too hard. So he
went to the local shop and tried ________________ (8.
to
NY
µ เอา
แ
buy one. He tried _______________
ว
(9. borrow) one from his
neighbors but they were all worried about the fox too.
uying
______________ (10.
tostop
Jane. So Jane went to the shop and bought a gun. That night she tried ______________ (11.
tosare (12. scare) the fox by shooting into the air but it
stop) the fox. At first she tried ______________
% hit
______________ (13. hit) the fox but she missed. She
tocotch
called her husband and he ran after the fox to try _______________(14. catch) it
shuvting
leninyother food for
throwing
______________(16. throw) things at it and they tried (17. leave)
the fox but nothing worked.
ahiny
Soon they had only 1 chicken left. They tried _______________ (18. ask)
pvtting
their neighbors for help and one of their neighbors told them to try ________________(19. put)
tohy
tiger dung on the ground. So they went to the local zoo to try ________________ (20. buy)
some tiger dung. They put the dung on the ground and they never saw the fox again.
น­