03 LM ICT Finals

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Reviewed by: Approved by:
01 September 2021
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Lesson 11 Introduction to Network
Learning Module 11 Introduction to Network

(8 hours, Week 15 &16)
Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes
Competence:
A-III/6 F1. C5: Operate computers and computer networks on ships
Course Outcome/s:
Can manage computer networks onboard ships
Learning Outcomes:
1. Define and explain the term network, computer network, and other network terms
2. Differentiate the types of network
Topic Content:
Lesson 11.1
Network Terms
Lesson 11.2
Types of Network
®All Rights Reserved

Issue No. 1 Page 2 of 36
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Overview
Recently, all areas of IT have been rapidly in land. As a result, the location is important
in everyday life. But in ship, network only limits with communication equipment and service.
As a result, be far removed from information age. Currently, ship relates to the outside world
via satellite on the voyage. But, because of high billing, ship’s possible data transfer is using
low speed bandwidth. So, ship is required construction of the network to be able to transfer
data from ship to ship even from ship to port or any other parts of the world that uses high
speed satellite signal.
Nowadays, ships have undergone many advancements when it comes to network. Most
of the ships uses computers and satellite signals for the transfer of data and even on
communication. The only problem when it comes to communication is the scope of the high
bandwidth connection and it costs a big amount. Ships on voyage only rely on satellite signals
and if it is a need to communicate, there will be no choice but to spend more.
Discussion
Lesson 11.1 What is Network?
A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,

peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An
example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all over the world.
To the right is an example image of a home network with multiple computers and other
network devices all connected.

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What is Computer Network?
A computer network is a set of computers

connected for the purpose of sharing resources.
The most common resource shared today is
connection to the Internet.
Other shared resources can include a printer or a

file server. The Internet itself can be considered
a computer network. Computers on a network are
called nodes. The connection between computers
can be done via cabling, most commonly the
Ethernet cable, or wirelessly through radio waves.
Connected computers can share resources, like

access to the Internet, printers, file servers, and
others. A network is a multipurpose connection,
which allows a single computer to do more.
What was the first computer network?
One of the first computer networks to use packet

switching, ARPANET was developed in the mid-1960s
and is the direct predecessor of the modern Internet.
The first ARPANET message was sent on October 29,
1969.
NETWORK DEVICES
A network device is a node in the wireless mesh

network. It can transmit and receive wireless HART
(Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) data and
perform the basic functions necessary to support
network formation and maintenance. Network devices
include field devices, router devices, gateway devices,
and mesh hand-held devices.
Image source: (https://ipcisco.com/lesson/network-
devices-2/)

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Network Hub:
Network Hub is a networking device which is used to connect multiple
network hosts. A network hub is also used to do data transfer. The data
is transferred in terms of packets on a computer network
Network Switch:
Like a hub, a switch also works at the layer of LAN (Local
Area Network) but you can say that a switch is more
intelligent than a hub. While hub just does the work of data
forwarding, a switch does ‘filter and forwarding’ which is
a more intelligent way of dealing with the data packets.
Modem:
A modem stands for (Modulator+Demodulator). That means it

modulates and demodulates the signal between the digital data of
a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line.
Network Router
A router is a network device which is responsible for

routing traffic from one to another network. These two
networks could be a private company network to a public
network. You can think of a router as a traffic police who
directs different network traffic to different directions.
Bridge
If a router connects two different types of networks, then a bridge connects two sub networks as
a part of the same network. You can think of two different labs or two different floors connected
by a bridge.

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Repeater:
A repeater is an electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives. In other

terms, you can think of repeater as a device which receives a signal and retransmits it at
a higher level or higher power so that the signal can cover longer distances.
Network Cables
Different Types Of
Network Cable

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Coaxial Cable
It has a single copper conductor in the middle.

A plastic layer provides insulation between the
braided metal shield and center conductor. The
metal shield blocks outer interference from
motors, fluorescent lights, and other computers.
Coaxial cabling is extremely resistant to signal

obstruction though it is complex to install. It can
handle great cable lengths between network
devices than the twisted pair cable. The two
types of coaxial cables are thin coaxial and thick
coaxial.
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

It is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used
in business installations. An external shield which
functions as a ground is added to the normal twisted
pair telephone wires. Shielded twisted pair may be
the answer if you want to place the cable in an area
with potential interference and risk to the electrical
current in the UTP. Shielded cables can also help in
expanding the distance between the cables.
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass core surrounded

by many layers of protective materials. It removes the problem
of electrical obstruction by transmitting light rather than
electronic signals. This makes them perfect for certain
atmospheres which contain huge amount of electrical
interference. It has become the standard for connecting
networks between buildings because of its resistance to lighting
and moisture.

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Unshielded Twisted Pair
It is the most admired type of network cable in the world. UTP cable is used for both conventional
telephone and computer networking.
The various wiring schemes for UTP are:
CAT1 which is used for telephone wire.
CAT2 supports speeds up to 4 Mbps and used frequently for token ring networks.
CAT3 and CAT4 are both used for Token Ring networks for higher network speeds.
CAT5 wire is now replaced by the CAT5e designs providing an enhanced crosstalk specification
allowing it to support speeds up to 1 Gbps. It is the most used network cabling
specification in the world.
CAT6 support speeds of 1 Gbps for length up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps up to 55 meters.
Organizations using CAT6 cabling should use a specialized cable analyzer to request a
complete test report, to ensure that the CAT6 guidelines and standards have been
followed during the installation.
The CAT7 is a fresh copper cable pattern which can support speeds of 10Gbps and length up
to 100 meters.
For the development of a successful network in an organization, understanding the different

types of cable and how they affect other aspects of a network is vital.

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Lesson 11.2 Types of Network

There are different types of network classified according to the scope it covers namely:
LAN (Local Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
GAN (Global Area Network)
PAN (Personal Area Network)
SAN (Storage Area Network)
CAN (Campus Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
These networks can either be private or public depending on its purpose.
What is the difference between public and private networks?
Often offered by nearby businesses and other publicly accessible areas, public networks are a
convenient way to connect to the Internet.
Some public Wi-Fi networks require a password before a connection is made. If the network
displays a lock icon in your list of available Wi-Fi networks, it requires a password.
Note
All public networks are less secure than your home network. Even if the websites you visit use
encryption, the URLs you visit can be eavesdropped. For this reason, you should not transmit
private or sensitive information on a public Wi-Fi network if you can do it elsewhere. If a public
network does not require a password, we strongly recommend you do not connect any of your
devices to it.

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Some networks do not require a password to connect but require you to log in using your web
browser before you can access the Internet.
Other public networks do not require a password at all. Any compatible device may connect to
these Wi-Fi networks without authentication.
Private networks have security measures in place to prevent unwanted or unauthorized

connections. Private networks are often used for home, business, or school Wi-Fi networks, or
mobile hotspots for security and to preserve bandwidth.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A LAN connects network devices over a

relatively short distance. A networked office
building, school, or home usually contains a
single LAN, though sometimes one building
will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per
room), and occasionally a LAN will span a
group of nearby buildings.
There are two types of LAN
1. Wireless LAN or WLAN – uses radio frequency signals to connect computers

2. Wired/Cabled LAN – uses cables to connect computers
Wireless LANs
More and more networks are operating without cables, in the wireless mode. Wireless LANs
use high frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or lasers to communicate between the
workstations, servers, or hubs.
Wireless networks are great for allowing laptop computers, portable devices, or remote
computers to connect to the LAN. Wireless networks are also beneficial in older buildings where
it may be difficult or impossible to install cables.
Advantages of wireless networks
Mobility - With a laptop computer or mobile device, access can be available throughout a
school, at the mall, on an airplane, etc. More and more businesses are also offering
free Wi-Fi access ("Hot spots").
Fast setup - If your computer has a wireless adapter, locating a wireless network can be as
simple as clicking "Connect to a Network" -- in some cases, you will connect
automatically to networks within range.
Cost - Setting up a wireless network can be much more cost effective than buying and
installing cables.

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Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is as easy as turning the

computer on (if you do not exceed the maximum number of devices).
Disadvantages of wireless networks
Security - Be careful. Be vigilant. Protect your sensitive data with backups, isolated private
networks, strong encryption and passwords, and monitor network access traffic to
and from your wireless network.
Interference - Because wireless networks use radio signals and similar techniques for
transmission, they are susceptible to interference from lights and electronic
devices.
Inconsistent connections - How many times have you hears "Wait a minute, I just lost my
connection?" Because of the interference caused by electrical devices and/or items
blocking the path of transmission, wireless connections are not nearly as stable as
those through a dedicated cable.
Speed - The transmission speed of wireless networks is improving; however, faster options
(such as gigabit Ethernet) are available via cables. If you are only using wireless
for internet access, the actual internet connection for your home or school is
generally slower than the wireless network devices, so that connection is the
bottleneck. If you are also moving large amounts of data around a private network,
a cabled connection will enable that work to proceed much faster.
As the term implies, a WAN spans

a large physical distance. The Internet is
the largest WAN, spanning the Earth.
A WAN is a geographically
dispersed collection of LANs.
A WAN differs from a LAN in several

important ways. Most WANs (like the
Internet) are not owned by any one
organization but rather exist under
collective or distributed ownership and
management.

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GAN (Global Area Network)
A global area network (GAN) refers

to a network composed of different
interconnected networks that cover an
unlimited geographical area. The term is
loosely synonymous with Internet, which
is considered a global area network.
Because a GAN is used to support

mobile communication across several
wireless LANs, the key challenge for any
GAN is transferring user communications
from one local coverage area to the next.
PAN (Personal Area Network)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer
network used for communication among
computerized devices, including telephones
and personal digital assistants. PANs can be used
for communication among the personal devices
themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for
connecting to a higher-level network and
the Internet (an uplink).
A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a
PAN carried over wireless network technologies such
as:
IrDA, Wireless USB, Bluetooth, Z-Wave,
ZigBee, Body Area Network

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SAN (Storage Area Network)
A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated

network that provides access to consolidated, block
level data storage. SANs are primarily used to make
storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries,
and optical jukeboxes, accessible to servers so that
the devices appear like locally attached devices to
the operating system.
A SAN typically has its own network of
storage devices that are generally not accessible
through the local area network by other devices.
CAN (Campus Area Network)

A campus network, campus area
network, corporate area network or CAN is
a computer network made up of an
interconnection of local area networks (LANs)
within a limited geographical area.
The networking equipments
(switches, routers) and transmission media
(optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.)
are almost entirely owned by
the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise,
university, government etc.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network in which two or more computers or
communicating devices or networks which are
geographically separated but in same metropolitan city
and are connected to each other are said to be connected
on MAN.
The limits of Metropolitan cities are determined by local
municipal corporations and we cannot define them.
Hence, the bigger the Metropolitan city the bigger the
MAN, smaller a metro city smaller the MAN.

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Network Topology
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
Here, some logical layout of topology.
Mesh
Star
Bus
Ring
Tree
Hybrid
MESH TOPOLOGY
• Here every device has a point to point
every other device.
• Node 1 node must relate to n-1 nodes.
Application:
Telephone regional office.
STAR TOPOLOGY
• Here each device has a dedicated point-
to-point link to the central controller
called “HUB” (Act as a Exchange).
• There is no direct traffic between devices.
• The transmission is occurred only through
the central “HUB”
• When device 1 wants to send data to
device 2; first send the data to hub.
Which then relay the data to the other
connected device.
Applications:
Star topology used in Local Area Networking
(LANs).
High speed LAN often used STAR.

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BUS TOPOLOGY
• A long cable act as a backbone to link all the device
are connected to the backbone by drop lines and
taps.
• Drop line is the connection between the devices and
the cable.
• Allows only one device to transmit at a time.
• If a device wants to communicate with other device
on the network sends a broadcast message onto the
wire all other devices see it and only the intended
device accepts and process the message.
RING TOPOLOGY
• Each device has a dedicated connection with

two devices on either side.
• The signal is passed in one direction from
device to device until it reaches the destination and
each device have repeater.
• When one device received signals instead of
intended another device, its repeater then
regenerates the data and passed them along.
TREE TOPOLOGY
• Alternatively referred to as a star bus
topology.
• It is one of the most common network setups
that is similar to a bus topology and a star
topology.
• It connects multiple star network to another
star networks. Below is the visual example of
a simple computer setup on a network using
the star topology.
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
• A network which contain all types of physical
structure and connected under a single
backbone channel.
• A combination of two or more topologies
connected to one network.

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Consideration of choosing topology

1. Money- bus new may be the least expensive way to install a new.
2. Length-of capable-needed- the linear bus new uses shorter length of cable.
3. Future growth- with star topology, expanded a new is easily by adding another device.
4. Cable type- most common used cable in commercial organization is twisted pair. Which
often used with star topologies.
5. Full mesh topology is theoretically the best since every device is connected to every
other device. (thus, maximizing speed and security. However, it quite expensive to
install).
6. Next best would be tree topology, which is basically a connection of star.
Why is topology important?

• The network topology impacts performance.
• The network topology is a factor in determining the media type used to cable the
network.
• The network topology impacts the cost of cabling the network.
• Some access methods can work only with specific topology.
References
Shelly G. B., [et.al]. (2012). Discovering computers-fundamentals: your interactive guide to

the digital world.8th ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning.
IMO. (2017). STCW including 2010 Manila amendment. STCW convention & STCW Code.
London: IMO
Cisco Networking Academy. (2014). Connecting networks companion guide Indiana: Cisco
Press.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-23312-8_49
(Kim MJ., Jang JW., Yu Y. (2011) Topology Configuration for Effective In-Ship Network
Construction. In: Kim T., Adeli H., Robles R.J., Balitanas M. (eds) Advanced
Communication and Networking. ACN 2011. Communications in Computer and
Information Science, vol 199. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg)

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Online Resources
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/network.htm
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-computer-network-types- definition-
quiz.html#:~:text=A%20computer
%20network%20is%20a,printer%20or%20a%20file%20server .
https://dimtech.com.au/types-of-network-cabling/
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/network.htm
https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
Checkpoint
Activity 11.1
Directions. Identify the scope of coverage of each type network. Complete the table with
the needed information
Types of Network
Network Scope
LAN
WAN

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CAN
PAN
MAN
WLAN

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Assessment
Assessment 11
Directions:
Illustrate and define the different types of topology.
BUS
RING
STAR
MESH
HYBRID
TREE

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Lesson 12 Understanding Computer Networks
Learning Module 12 Understanding Computer Networks
(8 hours, Week 17 & 18)
Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes
Competence:
A-III/6 F1. C5: Operate computers and computer networks on ships
Course Outcome/s:
Can appreciate the value of computer applications and technologies in their daily
lives and in maritime industry
Learning Outcomes:
1. Perform sharing of files and internet over the network
2. Identify the purpose of networking computers in seagoing ships
3. Identify the value and importance of ICT in Maritime Industry
Topic Content:
Lesson 12.1
Sharing Files over the Network
Lesson 12.2
Importance of Network Systems in Seagoing Ships
Lesson 12.3
The Value of ICT in Maritime Industry

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Overview
A holiday on a ship or cruise line is ideally a time you explicitly want to spend away from the
madness of life that is always on a close tab through technology. You wish to leave behind your
phone, fax, email, and everything else that connects you to the world outside and just enjoy
some quality time with yourself and your loved ones. But that is almost like a hypothetical world
because in the real world, it is hard to sever all ties with the world like that, even for a short
span and leave on a trip.
There is worked to be done, deadlines to be met and let’s be practical, vacation is going to end
someday, and you will be back to work and piles of unfinished work wouldn’t be the best welcome
back. And sometimes it is not even a holiday. Long story short, with time people realized ships
were not a place that could survive without internet and access to rest of the world.
Providing internet on ships is not the same thing as on land mostly because, well, you are not
on land. You are out on waters, surrounded by nothing but expanse of ocean or sea. There are
no towers or cables that can make maritime internet an easy reality. But still it happened.
Why we need computer Networks?
Computer networks help users on the network to share the resources and in communication.
Can you imagine a world now without emails, online newspapers, blogs, chat and the other
services offered by the internet?

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Discussion
Lesson 12.1 Uses and Benefits of a Computer Network

¤ The following are the important uses and benefits of a computer network.
¤ File sharing: Networking of computers helps the network users to share data files.
¤ Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM
drives, hard drives etc. Without computer networks, device sharing is not possible.
¤ Application sharing: Applications can be shared over the network, and this allows to
implement client/server applications
¤ User communication: Networks allow users to communicate using e-mail,

newsgroups, and video conferencing etc.
¤ Network gaming: A lot of network games are available, which allow multi-users to
play from different locations.
¤ Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a revolutionary change in
telecommunication which allows to send telephone calls (voice data) using standard
Internet Protocol (IP) rather than by traditional PSTN.
Lesson 12.2 How to create a simple LAN Network

¤ Speaking of local area networks, or LANs, they are smaller networks, usually within an office
base.
¤ LAN is used to connect computing resources, typically inside one building.
¤ The computing resources can be computers, printers, servers, IP phones, or routers.
¤ Connections between the workstations are physical, with cables, and all the office resources
are shared and distributed between the network workstations.
¤ The most common type of LAN is that of Ethernet.
¤ This is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for LANs.
¤ You must first identify which services you need to provide locally on the LAN.
¤ Computers are connected to a switch with Ethernet cables.
¤ Each device has a unique IP address.
What You Need While Setting up LAN Network (Cable/Wired):

¤ Cable router or Wireless router
¤ Crossover Ethernet cables,
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¤ Ethernet cables
¤ Ethernet switch if setting up a large Network
¤ Network interface card
Tips & Warnings

✓ Purchase a cable router with wireless capabilities to give you more flexibility.
✓ Make sure cable lengths do not exceed 100 meters, or about 300 feet.
✓ Do not run cables in air ducts unless they are fire rated. Check local building codes.
Connecting to a Wired Network on Windows

1. Choose a Wireless Router
❖ Make sure that you have the necessary hardware. You'll need an Internet source (e.g., a
router or modem) into which you can plug each individual computer, as well as Ethernet
cables to connect the computers
to the Internet source.
❖ Most standard routers only come
with a few Ethernet ports, but
you can buy network hubs that
support upward of 10
connections.
❖ Make sure that you know the
approximate distance from each
computer to the Internet source.
You will need Ethernet cables
that can span this distance.
2. Connect Two Routers
❖ Set up the Internet source. Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the "Internet" port on
the back of the modem, then connect the other end of the cable to the "Internet" or
"Ethernet" port on your Internet source.
❖ You will also need to plug in the Internet
source's power cable before proceeding.
3. Create a Local Area Network

❖ Plug each computer into the Internet source.
Attach one end of an Ethernet cable to the
square Ethernet port on your computer, then
attach the other end of the cable to the
Internet source.
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❖ Typically speaking, you can use desktop computers for a network or a Laptop, which means
the Ethernet ports will be on the back of each CPU box for desktop and on the side of a
laptop.
4. Open Start Image or the Start button
❖ Click the Windows logo in the bottom-left corner

of the screen.
5. In the search Box Type Control Panel.
❖ Doing so will search your computer for the

Control Panel app.
6. Click Control Panel.
❖ It's a blue rectangle icon at the top of the Start

menu.
7. Click Network and Sharing Center. This option

resembles a set of blue monitors
❖ If you see "Category" in the upper-right side of

the page, first click the Network and Internet
heading on the main Control Panel page.
8. Click Change advanced sharing settings.
❖ It is a link in the upper-left side of the page.

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9. Check the "Turn on network discovery" box. This

will ensure that your computer can interact with
other computers that are plugged into the
Internet source.
❖ You can also enable the "Turn on file and
printer sharing" option and the "Allow Windows
to manage homegroup connections" option if
they are not automatically selected.
10. Click Save changes. It's at the bottom of the page.
Enable network discovery on the other network

computers. Once each computer in the networked
group has network discovery enabled in Control Panel,
your wired network will be ready to use.
Connecting to a Wireless Network on Windows
1. Click the Wi-Fi symbol in the Task Bar

❖ It's in the lower-right corner of the screen. A pop-up
window will appear.
❖ If Wi-Fi is currently disabled, click the Wi-Fi button in the
lower-left side of the pop-up window before proceeding.
❖ In some cases, you'll need to click the ^ icon in the lower-
right side of the screen to see the Wi-Fi icon.
2. Select a network.
❖ Click the network to which you want to connect each of

your network computers.

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3. Click Connect
❖ It is in the lower-right side of the network's name box.
4. Enter the network's password
❖ Type in the network's password when prompted.
5 Click Next
❖ It is below the network. If the password is correct, doing

so will connect you to the network.
6.Connect other computers in the network to the Internet
❖ For each computer that you want to use in your network, repeat the Wi-Fi connection
process. Once each computer is connected to the Wi-Fi network, you can proceed with
setting up file sharing.
HOW INTERNET or NETWORK ARE PROVIDED IN SHIPS
There are several networks that ships used to get connected. The following will be
discussed how these providers are available on ships.

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Satellite connections
The most common mode of providing internet on ships is through satellite. Providing a direct
connection with the satellite services through some hardware installations on the ship, easy
access to internet can be provided for all the on boarders. The hardware installations are a must
so that internet signals can be tapped from anywhere. Installation charges for the entire ship
internet can be somewhere around $600 along with additional charges for the hardware that can
range from $50 to $100. The choice of hardware depends on number of factors like
➢ Ship size
➢ Intended internet usage
➢ Speed desired
➢ Cost component
A lot of companies offer a wide range of such devices which can help you find just what you
need. But it is more like one-time investment allowing easy internet access thereon. Even on
cruise ships, there are specific zones that offer internet connections for their passengers, allowing
them to access their email from any part of the world, literally. Some ships also have marked WiFi
zones that offer wireless internet usage for all.
However, cruise ship internet is nothing close to connection you are used to through a DSL. Some
companies claim to provide a connection of similar speeds but it’s not the same. The speed may
be satisfactory but other problems like latency of connection arise in most cases. Also, cruise ship
internet is not a cheap option. Charging anything from $.75 to $10 per minute for internet usage,
it is advisable to use it wisely.
Wireless devices
Some people also prefer to take their own wireless devices for internet accessibility but that does
not seem to work too well. Since these devices can access internet only when they are near to
some ports where network is easily available. Many internet service providers offer data cards
that can be connected directly to the system.
However, these also can be used only when the device is close to a port where the signal can be
received.
Dial ups
Another source of providing internet on cruise ships is through the simple dial up connection of
the cell phones. This is not a reliable source either as it is highly dependent on signal’s reception
of the phone being used. The phone, in this case, acts as a modem to access the internet
connection directly from satellite. But loss of signal can inhibit its efficiency.
While an internet ship is a necessity for most now, finding reliable connection of internet on cruise
ships is not that common. Firstly, not all cruise ships offer it just yet. And secondly, even if they
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do, there is still no guarantee about its reliability. So, for suitable internet ship connection, a
satellite device would be the best bet.
Lesson 12. 3 The Value of ICT in Maritime Industry
90% of the world’s trade is carried by sea, making maritime transport essential to the world’s
economy. Shipping is the most cost-effective and eco-friendly way to move goods and raw
materials all around the world.
However, customer demands, and expectations are higher than ever before. Corporations that
depend on shipping to bring their products to ports all over the world are turning to operators
that deliver streamlined services and deeper value along the supply chain.
This is putting intense pressure on shipping organizations to operate more efficiently,

strategically, and profitably. In an increasingly competitive maritime supply chain environment,
ship owners and operators are turning to information and communication technology (ICT) to
meet the demands of their customers and deliver on global safety and sustainability expectations.
The future of shipping is connected and integrated
The maritime industry has long traditions of continuously adopting and adapting to new
technology. However, the advances in ICT systems enable more data to be collected, analyzed
and integrated into the decision-making process at all levels. This digital transformation will
profoundly impact shipping by creating a more connected, integrated, and efficient industry.
So how is ICT helping shipping become safer and more financially and environmentally
sustainable?
Real-time cargo tracking
Shipping is part of a global supply chain, and stakeholders such as charterers and cargo owners
require that shipping companies provide full end-to-end visibility into cargo conditions and status.
In any supply chain, delivering products on time and in the agreed condition is key to making
customers happy and bringing repeat business. IoT-based solutions integrated into cargo systems
such as refrigerated containers allow live monitoring of the product by the shipper. Real-time
cargo tracking is particularly important for ships that carry time-sensitive cargos, such as
perishable goods.
Advanced ICT allows data and information to be optimized and sent in real time to captains, crew
members, other vessels in the network, and shipping companies on land.

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Predictive maintenance
Equipment and machinery failures and unplanned repairs are not rare occurrences for ships sailing
the high seas, and they often result in costly downtime. ICT systems such as onboard IoT devices
and sensors help prevent this, by enabling predictive maintenance.
Predictive maintenance, or condition-based maintenance, continuously monitors the actual

condition of the equipment and machinery through sensor measurements.
This proactive approach to technical maintenance gives you a better overview of the condition of
shipboard equipment. By looking at patterns and trends, you can detect any deterioration and
predict when the equipment might fail – and then intervene well before this happens. Such an
approach will always ensure that machinery and equipment operate optimally, lowering the risk
of disruption to normal vessel operations.
Moreover, predictive maintenance enabled by ICT allows your crew to better plan their
maintenance schedule.
Making shipping greener and smarter
ICT systems automate and streamline the flow of information between the different parties in the
maritime transport chain, improving their operations. Up-to-date data on all ships allows ports to
plan accordingly. The captain gets information regarding port availability and can thus optimize
his route.
Ships planning their voyage by leveraging cargo, environmental and port data will save fuel by
taking shorter routes and adapting speed to match the availability of port services. Moving cargo
faster and more efficiently through the maritime logistics chain will in turn reduce fleet CO2
emissions, plus reduce the cost for ship owners.
ICT adds value – internet connection enables it to do so
More than ever before, the maritime industry relies on information and communication
technologies. ICT systems add value to the maritime industry by connecting ships, ports, and
people.
Digitalizing your ship operations generates a range of data that helps you make better-informed
operational decisions across your fleet. Smart use of ICT gives you better shore-sea collaboration
and the best possible business flow. It lowers cost, improves vessel and environmental
performance – while at the same time helping you meet ever-increasing customer expectations.
ICT creates the competitive advantage you need to sustain your business in a global
market.

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To provide this strategic business value, the ICT systems, in turn, rely on internet access. Reliably
exchanging business-critical information between ship and shore on a day-to-day basis is not
possible without reliable internet connection as a facilitator, enabled by integrating ship systems
with onshore ones.
How the Maritime Industry Benefits from Information Technology
Understanding the importance of the maritime industry in everyday life is not easy for people
away from coastal areas. However, one only must look around his room.
Many products — gadgets, appliances, and factory machines — from all around the world are
transported through massive cargo ships. Fishing vessels traverse international waters to supply
markets with seafood. Marine engineers continuously devise new ways to generate hydropower
better.
Maritime Industry Applications of Information Technology
For an industry that highly values capacity and efficiency, information technology is a blessing.
Construction and design of ships now involve composite materials and complex digital systems.
Communication in Open Waters
Maritime workers need a way to quickly communicate not only with each other on the vessel but
with those on other ships and with people on land. Local networks and internet access are
essential to managing work.
Information technology ensures systems will not have severe connectivity issues. A virtual private
network (VPN) keeps sensitive maritime information away from cyber-attacks. System
administrators can easily detect unusual user behavior. If the industry knows the pros and cons
of using a VPN, it can take full advantage of this technology.
Improved Safety
Perhaps one of the most disastrous things that can occur in the maritime industry is when ships
accidentally hit and sink one another. Better communication systems can prevent this.
On a related note, information systems will aid the maritime industry against pirates and hijackers.
Ships can use these to immediately plan out routes that can prevent the triumphant entry of
unwanted individuals.
Faster Cargo Processing
Global trade has intensified the need for bigger and better cargo ships. Apart from an increased
carrying capacity, the cargo trade can also benefit from a more efficient processing system.
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Information technology allows cargo ships to deliver their goods faster. The weight of all the
cargo is precisely determined using monitoring systems. Ships can send cargo-related information
to each other to prevent any delays in container ports.
Advanced Navigation
Ships no longer need to rely on paper maps and an old compass. Marine navigation in the
information age involves satellite communication, radar, radio, GPS, and digital maps. The variety
of technologies allows ships to find the safest and fastest route even during undesirable weather
conditions.
The maritime industry has greatly benefited from information technology — and it will continue
to do so if global trade and the demand for seafood, energy, and better water transport exist.
References
Shelly G. B., [et.al]. (2012). Discovering computers-fundamentals: your interactive guide to

the digital world.8th ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning.
Cannon, K., Caudle, K., & Chiarella, A. (2013). CCNA guide to CISCO networking. (4th ed.).
Andover: Cengage Learning
Online Resources
(https://blog.router-switch.com/2012/02/lan-how-to-set-up-lan-network/)
https://www.wikihow.com/Set-up-a-Computer-Network
https://www.omnisecu.com/basic-networking/why-we-need-computer-
network.php#:~:text=The%20following%20are%20the%20important,device%20shari
ng%20is%20not%20possible
(https://www.marineinsight.com/life-at-sea/maritime-internet-options-how-is-internet-
provided-on-ships/)
https://www.dualog.com/blog/the-value-of-ict-in-the-maritime-
industry#:~:text=Real%2Dtime%20cargo%20tracking%20is,and%20shipping%20com
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panies%20on%20land
https://www.dnvusa.com/how-the-maritime-industry-benefits-from-information-
technology/)
Checkpoint
Activity 12.1
Directions
A. Computer networks are very essential nowadays especially to industries that cater
millions or even billions of data. List down at least 5 the uses and benefits of computer
networks.
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
B. Write down the steps on how to connect a computer in a wireless network.

1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3.__________________________
4.__________________________
5.__________________________
6.__________________________

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Do This
Activity 12.2
Directions. Identification. Determine if what is referred on the statement based on the Value
of ICT in Maritime industry and the benefits of Maritime Industry in ICT.
1. Shipping is part of a global supply chain, and stakeholders such as charterers and cargo
owners require that shipping companies provide full end-to-end visibility into cargo
conditions and status. ______________________________
2. Equipment and machinery failures and unplanned repairs are not rare occurrences for
ships sailing the high seas, and they often result in costly downtime. _________________
3. ICT systems automate and streamline the flow of information between the different
parties in the maritime transport chain, improving their operations.
__________________
4. Maritime workers need a way to quickly communicate not only with each other on the
vessel but with those on other ships and with people on land. ______________________
5. Perhaps one of the most disastrous things that can occur in the maritime industry is
when ships accidentally hit and sink one another.
_____________________________________
6. Global trade has intensified the need for bigger and better cargo ships. Apart from an
increased carrying capacity, the cargo trade can also benefit from a more efficient
processing system.
________________________________________________________
7. Ships no longer need to rely on paper maps and an old compass. Marine navigation in
the information age involves satellite communication, radar, radio, GPS, and digital maps.
_______________________________

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Assessment
Assessment 12
Directions. Answer the following questions in not less than 30 words.
1. What is the importance of computer networks?
2. What is the importance of networking computers in ships/seagoing ships?

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Oral Assessment (Finals)
ORAL Examination
DIRECTIONS: (Reporting. This is an online oral presentation)
1. This will be done according to your group assigned the week before the presentation.
2. You will be given a schedule for reporting.
3. Each group will be given a topic and will have to create a presentation using Power point
Application.
4. The presentation must be prepared by group and will be presented on the schedule.
5. You will be graded individually based on the questions given to you after the
presentation.
Rubric for Grading Oral Assessment
CRITERIA SCORE
CONTENT (50%)
The content clearly incorporates salient points discussed about the
topic.
CREATIVITY AND OVERALL PRESENTATION (30%)
The presentation showcases learner’s creativity and originality
OTHER ELEMENTS (20%)
▪ The speaker speaks audibly and clearly.
▪ The presenters must be on time for presentation to avoid delay

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REQUIRED OUTPUT (Finals)
Power point Presentation
Based on your oral presentation, the power point presentation must
contain the following:
- Font Size and Style: Title: Arial 36-40”
Body: 24-28”
- Animation and Design: Free Style
- Follow 7x7 rule (7 words and 7 lines in a slide)
Rubric for Grading PowerPoint Presentation of a Chosen Research Topic
CRITERIA SCORE
CONTENT (40%)
The content clearly incorporates salient points discussed about the
topic.
SLIDE CREATION (15%)
Presentation flows well and logically. Presentation reflects extensive
use of tools in a creative way.
SLIDE TRANSITIONS (15%)
Transitions are smooth. Transitions enhance the presentation.
PICTURES, CLIP ART BACKGROUND (15%)
Images are appropriate. Layout is pleasing to the eye.
MECHANICS (15%)
No spelling errors. No grammar errors. Text is in authors’ own words.

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RESEARCH WORK (Finals)
Directions: Refer to your Oral Presentation.
1. This will be done by group.
2. Submit a soft copy of your assigned topics that you have searched and included in your oral
report.
3. Summarized all the topics you have researched and create a document using Microsoft Word
in 5-10 pages only, including the Cover page
4. Don’t forget to include references at the last page of your research.
5. Document Format:
1. First page:
Topic Title
Name
Program, Year&Section
Date
2. Format:
Font size: Title: 24pt
Other: 12pt
Font Style: Tahoma
Paper Size: A4
6. Submit your research in my gmail account on or before the scheduled deadline.
Rubric for Grading
CRITERIA SCORE
CONTENT (50%)
The contents clearly are illustrated and defined
FORMAT (30%)
The format is followed and presented clearly
SUBMISSION (20%)
The output is submitted on or before the deadline

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Issue No.

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Lesson 11 Introduction to Network

Learning Module 11 Introduction to Network

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes

2. Differentiate the types of network

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Lesson 11.1 What is Network?

A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,

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What is Computer Network?

A computer network is a set of computers

Other shared resources can include a printer or a

Connected computers can share resources, like

What was the first computer network?

One of the first computer networks to use packet

A network device is a node in the wireless mesh

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

A modem stands for (Modulator+Demodulator). That means it

A router is a network device which is responsible for

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

A repeater is an electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives. In other

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

It has a single copper conductor in the middle.

Coaxial cabling is extremely resistant to signal

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass core surrounded

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Unshielded Twisted Pair

The various wiring schemes for UTP are:

CAT1 which is used for telephone wire.

For the development of a successful network in an organization, understanding the different

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Lesson 11.2 Types of Network

What is the difference between public and private networks?

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Private networks have security measures in place to prevent unwanted or unauthorized

LAN (Local Area Network)

A LAN connects network devices over a

1. Wireless LAN or WLAN – uses radio frequency signals to connect computers

Advantages of wireless networks

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is as easy as turning the

Disadvantages of wireless networks

WAN (Wide Area Network)

As the term implies, a WAN spans

A WAN differs from a LAN in several

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Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: STUDENT LEARNING MODULE

GAN (Global Area Network)

A global area network (GAN) refers

Because a GAN is used to support

PAN (Personal Area Network)