Objects o Mgheoap Paveenls = To Seppock COhel toads ¢ fp dean peu the load Stumeo — lae by leper Reduchon in ‘Dhee| loacl Stun — Ths reduchon depends ay dls dhecknon G Chacactews bres % ratewral used jen digg faupeun- (> Depending on ‘he Vetheal alynyent € a — CbYitonyental Condehons of the sil, the i Ravenyent “oy be Constuucted OVe ar erobcnlong cub of alyost- ab te guounc ave! Uself- > ke Pavernjenb well above the Now. MT et Regusse nents : : ! Dik =e 7d £ Pt of Yearof Kedng 1 Func pa Stutctucal weal Kequceertents Bu ‘ace. bhould be deen feat : Menken ef Le! leor'on I bi fet ¢ non-qrelchy . > Seley, ne ud have good ‘udhng quality cre “est oatd be ts ped. Paverent legenr Deseyo eb Flutb le Pouerpenls Basel on Re Bluclural behautowr | Pasenferts oe Perea Clore rect ine too “Colegorces . i) Flecb ke Povsery bate : oO Rogect “Pauerfent® @ipesonte Dedegeen plenchle & Piped pouerteas Ebb ee powerenk ; Reged] porterent > Sf tonsch of Sees > ot Consesh of One tours of layer carts Righese Pec shh of Mlabvely gualily rfafeciats’ al ot rece high bending sonslante, ~ # Aef licks ‘Pe dejonrabon + Shits chlo budge of Sebgeoole € Subsequent OVe localsed farluces Layee On’ the. duspace- And Ques ef (naclguale™ Stabilele dejrines upon cane j @ 2 a xh - > dh Btuchual capacity Ut | Ge gale interlock, pach. Sepp tid ‘by te eal fotchom of, cokenon, ee by beam eek | JG ? Pde \Geneally inglered ip wt (OFS Elewital. ° hy Re Sob grade. te eoncat~ cheng th ef : : eS “8 rayox pacirgo, 2 loaf distucbubon Roush ae “il nil 7 beavaure-opf fa rege Pe Component “iy £ high rfeclule ef Clonkely ~ PRC 87-200! _ ~ Dee 5e~ 200g . J; & Groporenh Feune bons of Posterger ? Soil Subgeacle ‘and th Evateahon —— 7 Hika lager 4 nalizal Sod. peepareel f Recerve dhe lasers 5: parvergent rfokewals Pleud Ove rl. Bi ny abe > he loacle On He pawerfenE Ge eto ately Rececvecl hy He soil Subgeade for olts pecrion do the eacth nas \ Sel bubgeacle “78 Overs fusrecl 5 Sub base f Ba Couse ¢ fReve Cvaluakon > these layer” one roade. ep) beoken, Shores, bound 02 Cer Bo uncl agg He goli- > Some hme th Subbase Conus, 0 layer, ef Stabileacel Soil o, Selrleef g cancilan, Soil ts Aso usecl.. Sy Sorye plates Bouleler Shorea On buiiks “ake “ato sel as QQ Sab-base. Of Se ling, Come’ ’ 7 PF Howeur at he Sub-base Cun, if 1S |Cstnabl, be we Sraite. Slac geadecl agg ugales On Soil - Agquegale rgracs % Sopt- aggugatis Insledal of lacge beuleler. Shore Soling cocute, Of buck on edlge soln Coure .% these, Raue no Peepa. tnte locking ¢ Thesepore. howe. lesser. hess beanice to Sin keng, ing the weaks Subg vac Sol cohen wel - 7 Ikthen the Subgurele Conushs of fore grand Soil ¢ cohen the pavenent Cuues Areonty heel loach, fue rs a tenelen up for tere boulder Stones 0% backs Io peneheale Info te» wel soil. fesiuth'ng in the foerahion Of Uncluahon $ tnewen Paueryent- S tucparte” fn flew be pouerjenk- > Subbose Coke peer oxty Aas the. simelour fun chon a of the hase toucre f "8 proucdeel wu th th fevron. ‘Natew als Han of bare Coun” had Bypl> Cockere,\ Shu Sub-bare Comes UL. creel tdpvelen. flneble paverent pecryouty, Fo thopeotee the loact Supporhng Capacle by chestecbue bing the loaiel though a fenle thrckneys . ~ Bue ¢ sub- base ‘Come lagers may be. Evalualkyt hy Sutlabl. Stieng th stable “Pete lke yp bate beoury 1 CGR Ch >Weauing coun _f th ‘aluahon aung Coote. 19 b Gite a ~ The. pepe of Ce. Smreoth gedling Sungace pat 13 dense St Aesy's fs peusone eaetecl by, Iyses f sake “p clue fo te trafpi'e~ Coca. £ tea e Kleaing Court abo ogee & coals Nght~ lower. Against te Surpace coatee rngclteahon | In jline ble powerjenh enfally- a brtuminous Aespaurg Ns aseel Os @ Weary Cove D2 In. ce Pavenjens | as Weaning Couns - C0 act GB lke & base Comm as well Advantage of [useble Pauunfent — ~ Genually, Constueckd for & dengn Geog 15 gens: Howuut t there. Io a@ Conskeau'n of funds this poswby decease tes rnebal cost of lube pawveryent by tenouhing, de dengn-¢ Constuchon In $e00, Stages Thick brhuwneuw lovey ea fount Re Costlyesr Campane kr Of the flo’ ble Pewersent 5 fru che Dus pos ble «bo Une bvollye prowicle a Hen brhumene ws Suspate lou 4 aphu & Coup of Yous i's pemible bw lap Hai ck bikeemivfaindln $ Stupace. Comte » ‘the lower pealenfen logo Ney ba eng ned yoo a longer -spanideniyn lye ¢ the tnibval Brhuratrous leper feu be. dlugned Jor a Cowen clungn Lye : 2 9’ Standad clengn eohel load’ nace we of for floeble Pauerperte clungn the Combined eect BDheef loacls ef clu cunts Negnibudes, tot taped hong ¢ grocoth kale que. faker tobe Qeeounk (0 the dengn wn beens of " Cumu Leb we, Ctanded Pale’ (CsA) 3 th ehonals evaluc bon Sheeler Cue, Cadeced oub al- clenaed tnlival ¢ tRe— lib eworetecl funchonal Concibons i) Re Aoad Can he fesockee] cucth a en bihuminewr. AL— Su faceng lagen see = Gturchical eveluahon .Stuelre of te flncble. Pauenjenl> fan be Conced eut-, Pewodecally> And Re. plouble. poverfent Shurcture, Cen he Stun gttened “by layer an app to prcatidy Aengned ‘ ovelay?, Thos (mp Feun Cul] Aoruth tn keduchon of Compeunnue. cp iaee ¢ SAcavns : ton Qs O thew \\ere's bi Paxeny ent heaped \Inchwelng. He. Subgsade'- » 9, db sts posble., Io Resock .\ fo ot faally nel Recycling J lech neque. and Haig whlre aSubs} an hal poshon op damaged _bikureno uy Powenent tayes. thy scrubs 17n Pugh Sedtage Value op dete releel flr’ bu Peden Mokuab . > the Cuung: pewod ace Coure. “Ws ln ¢ fence Me. Buypates g ya be opened to Fea fhe toeathen a. jos brhumuno wa j Dis ad vanlagn of flewbl.” paveneols - D the bituminous Povertent layers ger Aeteroratect \ ohen eaposcel tp Stagnank Cale uch poor qeanage of suspaee § Bebsupace wafer... Once stupping of Biherfe Sloat Faxeng Plate » Bere #3 capi del euocahyn by foerahon of pot hour ating He Bihari oes ft . ft te ee by Caney oul gouhne. ¢ Pewodc Nan knana. of the diacnage Syslray lace ¢ fhe parverjent Sugaces J af & degpault 0% Yeu oe by Coup qe Aepasis 64! Cle feer'n rettecf -brfuméng us pocrerten on patching. ng of pot~ Roles: Ausing the. keuina’ on: Veureler wet Weather (onolihons+W)the total Sickney of the flew prsenfent tend the quanklr of Reudl oggsegates xogd AL high Han CC Pevtenjen ls 1 pacbiewlauty, fee He’ Cons feuchon of hugh coags purge High weak subgeacle Sor £ Calycng- Reaey teape foadls « 2) Fox, longer herve. lige 1 the lye cycle. Bot OF feble. poten enkk we higher Hhan © Paveryents Cohen Me thihal cok, tpfeces? on Capital {0 Cost of Man fenante. » Aeseugaceng. £ Perodec Shuang fhering axe ad inh Qccount - Sens hase 4) Nigh F vr ecbilely of brkaminows oe C Black hp) '% Veg Poos, pashreulealy tencler Loeb coca the Concl Bony : Pdvanfages ; “eegeed On ce Poverents 2 CG paverenb ely nok: gee delewoxaleel einder cock cdea ther, Condbons € Chen exporcel fo. Shagnank coater - S Co parenjents of ‘Kaz'ot “kLoads ate. genecally designed 4° tons teuchd! Jor. 30 youn peuod # Reg ote.’ Re Serve: Gye. Con lol be 30 yeas Ox een nore :> The towkne ff Pevocke.Maun fenante. Cost tg Veug low Qs arin Jenenee oF Jornts only rs seg uired - > The lope cycle. Cost Of 6 Pavenfents ax, Nuch lowe then fhe of pbube. pacerens, > the tolal Reckns of co parenfent and te, guahh y of Bad cegguega hen sega tae, love. thah f eucbl. povenjends, parbeulacly por Re. Cons fue bon of high eoasps Posing ceak Soils ¢ Careying heary ttafpe loads te Grood neght- vinbil even unde wet Beater. Conelchons, « is ad vantages » ~ Besegn of ce pavenfenk 18 bbe ‘caused oub fra - Ofe of Bo years of NoKe th a fo Reduce the Gye ey cle. os. 2 tn ondéc br’ peopelg clesign & CC paserent by Carsgpng. out fetgee analyses p ibis esenhal fo cletemens, he, aclual-Spechuen 3 Of ee loads » theca. number €¢ np cec0B tale Cuung te duwgn Prevod. the ! clen'gn wheel load * foe He clesgn of CC posetyens ishol- equal by the Stlandewel erheel loacl>. The “dengn kel toad’ is delemeneel cesing, He tle toad. ols tucbubon ¢fuckes On cligg exenl— Cabegoues $ heavy conn ecceal Vehicles - Blo Re magnikede f no: of Chel loach eel the desegn “Hhee COR! toad aus eshyatee/. POSES Mek pombe. b assoc a facleel ow . badly Cracked CC Poocenpent - ? The Surpate Of the CC Powergenl- rs Ckelp do becones ho Sxoo th ¢ Slipp eup cluung Re tony Seeuice. Gye ae-ferfuurg of the. CC Pavterent. 1's cleyffp cull. be foo expen ve. x Grenteall y a lorg. Ceeeng. peeve! of ‘ae, I's seed before opening be teafpo. Ths map be, a fraw back. fe he Cons tuechon of ce Ppaterenk on busy erban Loads od hee 1 Pe clipprcult to close Re toad por @ long rprund. ~ Sf Pre nok poriblee / clercrobl h rake Cow Cuthng of the Cé parerents, Theor. Pheu Ps.Q needs to Plan all Re Serica Unes cell in, gel vance. ¢ Nake appopucale, [eowrst'on Cokes te ducking System»au og lgheongp Parlement Beuign Flinble paveyerts ce genaaliy dengnec] be : felfel bo nan Aequccerfenk , ~eTe—fuclpel_haco- : . , Po lik He gecoveable 04 elashe A efecto ate Of the parverenk, cuucthen Re peméswbl. limek So that the Pavertent Can Ses fain a etge Nun be of sepeated foad Spplecahont a Fhe clesegn Gge , cucibouk Aesuthing 1 — Bhuuctuial damage du fobgue fortetce_ Of Fhe parerent- layers . , D> Fo toturcl ‘fhe Vechcal Shans on Re. Seebgeacle. £ ote. paverfent layers “auothen Clerrcel Cemels a9 tate the’ accumulated Non ~ Accoveabh_ dlefoemahon va) te foun oF Authng Of Pre. pavertent Seuig 00 along the coheel paths ts corthen peemeicSla, limits chewing Re. dengn lope Of the pasienpenh ~ the expected fea ppc loads clesitg fhe desegn lope. Ue ex firsised Jers of— Cumulahve » Stanclud \Axks Ccsr) € tee fluwble Pavenfenl Sfewefece "dena ned so Austen Be load sepebhons ®vo Fach @ cchng Besegn f pejor inert ef- eee’ ble. Pawenpents Fachu bb be consecleceel tp clengh of Parle menk NA ® d. egn dye 5) Pob.cepakedl lecepp' C [erie ©) Qengn taf c ae Buvgn cOheel load es O) Monnens Coheel load €2. Con fact Pewee eo Equivalent Sing betheel Lael (suse) CD © petheel load kepeb bong» 2 Clib geade sol F) ‘Eloyahe pane \ g) Pastenfent- Component ‘Natewals th deyeot \ Lager. ‘ eae : mental [peloer + hb) Oreurrage ‘ On revo rs [pe ¥ }4%) Besego fe be the ner op Slandexe onles tha Can be Carcetel bejoue Sheng Henig of Re Pewerent 13: Mecersaurp : Cy Flucbie partenenh * Capers woes 2 dagen A fs = 15 gene — OR 16 ts year ji , O Reged pareryeats ie rr UVR tH BO yoru 5 LVR? - ao yen D Pobespated feappre 2 The follocuing fourjulac ae cee)’. B= pita]? Che 9 = Design teappic tafeniely fm Seays op. / No rep Comme céal Vehicles + prec dla C laden eeght > & Toone) No: a Comrertial Vehicle, pee clap ab fast- wunt - R2 heb of growls of Feagy'e ¢ #-5%) PsNo: of yeau bles the last counts £ De Kill @ the end of fi + poarenyenk © @exgn feacypre Barecl on + day a how. fray’ count Gs pe Pee - 9. co Desegn chee! loac/ The Vauwous heel load packs fr be conudead mn pave rent dengn ane: Ci) Maxeyum chet load WO Contact pers Decal be Yulbple chee! leach F SHE w loads . (89 Repebrbon of G3 Moinpirn’ cof?” loael 3 The heel load Conpe grea hort Qu. tin po stant ' know te ay hich te loads oe giver Yohiicl. Cre app led: On Re Pavenpent Sucpac- a7 Ty preal poheel load Con pigeekaher oy & en ut of & heavy ahd Vehicle frachor feel as Shown In ferguer - I's : ATaneleny on le a>- -——— 33 -coS— a a Th ee | Sing "G Gul, pm _ a co ere ao— Je Tenelre J —— Teal —_f Flncbla_ parvessent eutg Goa Bae gel Noe esute 4100 fio0 eal coheel bemelenf onle~ lead on each tyre = 14500 . IB1a e pe 7 Total load tn fluenar Re Hecknen segeuseneny, Tye Puwuse Influences fhe quality Of Sunpece. Com - re © Contack Prenvure_ ~> Taken inh ih occoubt 7 7 Mecbool stuns Cuesferot)vo 3 the to fluence. of tye punus 0 predomioals thy the cypee layes f ined + Pha guale depth , the oper eb [ere P dimencthe. the folal teal exhibit Conwdeaable inpleenca on the veebeal slur Mag netudes . > Geneall, (Hee edhel load ¢s anuned We be Aistubutd ove a Ciculer aca though % 4 Mostly Clipse . > Bee, feenfs are usecl. fey re purue 7 . 2. Inflabon peor, eraclly Sey Conlack- promrwe Loasl_on Oher} Contack p wre = Contact area - > Pot Koad yehecls 5 ly ¢ by [emeeGOlack pumice G feud be now Ran hye Pure Fhe the. tye pune 0s len han % lefeme (Fd Vile vee. hen Ke Fy ee Pra, eneecels this Vater .When tyeepun KF befenn Cop 18 Pores COhen bye pes >t eile oem Con lack pwrwr— Cpe bo: Rigel ly factor eee tye peor =| Foo 4-p % # be [ome 7! pe low) by pe porte < 4 Bene <1 pe fugh PIP. > ptg lar, CD Esith >» To nNentain He Nfonu'nfum wheel loae/ eachen Re speeped Cmef- ¢ fo Cau G eeher load , IF ts Necers cusp fy prow de. chial Chul anembly to fhe Kear Mls % hoad he Vehicles . > The effect of chal cohel assembly No equal bh lees ben os bea OE coh « The perme. ab- any ep th i| a (va between Single load £ too bres load — Caued by any one ¢tOhee/. Soted Ph Op one oe > dn ceclee fo Sinplgy- Re analyn + The loael oles peenon os Asreeryed bbe ab an ange oF Ase. 2 dn the dual cheel load. anembly » be d be Ke Clea gap blo he feeo cohuls , S” be the Spacing. befeven te Centers of the hel £ a be He sachs of the Cretan Contack area. of each hel. Ten 52 bpaa) es ‘ oe nal Ppproayale ovelap. [LAN : ape 2 Dee. Ke depts op le each eoheel load Pp’ ach independently. and ay te. Hes pornt the. Stun | due to each loacs begens ho Oveclap .° > pf 2 as and above: he Stensey indhssed a duh te’ feet of 60% chek as | the Grea of Oveclap IS Connicleable . ;9 So he fotel Stums due te te dual COheels al Mf clepth geeks Ban 2s ey Consvceleceed to be eg uve lent bo @ Brg le Chee! load of magnitude 8P, Bough thes cr Suppo se a dual cOhel Card. Cuero b lop Canny & Certara Value 5 MY ean nd dup tcbion 4 a G& Parhieulon dept ZL C Say depth equal h Re Hecknens 9 p the Ponerceat ). 2 Ms pe elefeebion Certescon fhe ESkiL 8 that Single wheel _ Poa Raving. . the Some. Confack Penwe COhe'ch pew duces fhe, Sema. Value of tYone rum cleplechon ot the clit x a Simelas bys by Sheers Cectewon » Re Sell (3 the @:nge cOheel toad Producing. the Same value of Nana'nfens Steers col the. Aescued, elepih via the dual. > The Este te urwalleg adem niny bg. He eg ucvalen Stun Cecteuon tng a Simple. raphe: cal roetod .7 gz = Esuth CLegscal) 2 Zz, 2g & Ya. clepth hz ( hog scale) «x Calulale Esme oe dual hel asserobly. Canyons ohh bg each foe paverents Kectnus Of 11 0 Fas cme. Centr by Cont Iyer spacny = ate. distance. ber Re egalls of tyas = en. So lubon’. Yew P= 204K kg , aps. Fees leg d= ey , 82 27. x Ey porn Que ploked on. ce log-loy geph ble esc F pauryent teclenen .X( Bada) = (2044, 2 Y (apres) = Chose, 54) 408s 2044 084 by 5 54 kK 465-7! v , Mahoee Hons 5-55 oe Re bo9.37 ¥. Fis opp $087 Ae an an az kg 4oes—aony 54-655 a0-5 5 Ze 158-262 P.| | Ml Mig Came) e MSet= bagle) | tog,,( 84) ~ 4610 (58) logge) tot) GF 3l0 yp B.6ns — 8-0 \ y Ite —0-4403 _ “be tga — 0-403 . BAR P, = 269-8 bg ===. log (Pe) = w fh. eee ea Py = 8aseng. og CB) = Repebhon a leaels oe depourjahon, op PeorerfenE On bub grade due aw Binge applrcubon of cohsel loac! roay be. Srall . But dut- bo ‘Kepeated, applicahon of Re load: thew. wooulb be incucased fag ne bede. "fF Plashcl ¢ elas rc elegoery awhons fe Acer lala aunweoveed or peetanak dye mag yen seselh IN Porterfents\ pacts> Gf the pavenent Sluuclue fuls ab No: of sepebibrone a Fe kg loacl ¢ Similac, Na number xupeb hone of kg load Can Glsr Case Jotun of fhe. are Peony Stuutue , ten FN, and Atle ae rH dese guy alert . > Me beod Ras geven a peoeclune few Evolving, egucvalent load fechas fex leseg neng fewble powenfents : EutPpo = = heel toad P ii Standaued Ahseff oad: P Ewe ey" P pple ca hion of Eut Feches > The EWhF of cOhel ot axle load india, rhs Posse. danjageng ejects on a flewib le Pavenent- heuchure. cor tepect ko fhe cde} Gaels hee! 04 axe. load. oy are Single Onle 3, the Standad ome load 3 dakenas 8160 kg oe Standouel whee] load p= fy 080 ka» off nay be noked fatvr COhele Caleulabing Re (KIL E Values wring the fourth Power. equabon ) Re EXILE of th Slomdead eOhect oe standard owls " Faten 0 One 2 ‘the loads of Nfognithudes Reg hee thon’! he Slandene load Rave Sue emaging ghee — the antes loads of Magnified e-s low ex than | Shandord ont. lowely Rau rfuch Wer darmagre, fect i S. Equevatent: heel ox onle load poche a Neve we of bo Convel ale dt eeepp'e coun F of eecch. colegocey of onl oc chet pao foc He pepe of fleck a pid: a> this dened a VOF th India Dale [| whet load clrsted bubon- Studies 2 Ting nge sheclies « 3 Clorcpeed! Peceppre. Volene chuclee . > Wheel [pate load! shudk'to~ Qetearnsnakion 4, FREE [ve £ Comufabue Glanelarel onte. ( Con? Value 9 + > the ERLE. UDE Valium of Rene leaol. Qu Calerlalea tn Jems of. Stohdme! rake jtoade f denoleal ao Fy, Fa ykz ~~ Fy The Cumulab we egpect of all ye the VeRv'ue,, Clase tat aypeck the. lergn of flew he Paweryent Sheacfue "8 taken tn accoun- by the follow ing ngedBode logy § (© fot thee trrkal nos of hearty Veh, Clomer 1, a3 ---p be Nh, Na yng -+-Np ex day eleleemrned dung the Peeposchoo of Prepect eepoxt - CD Fee uiie (04 VDF Valiun ase cleRemnel ¢ denohd ar Fi, Fe, Fy Fos (6 The pewod og delay Crm yeas) bin Re date of feajp'e Studcen ~ Re dak of Comply, Conslucction ¢ Opencng fy teappe ry erbroaled (db te deneel desegn Cye C0! yeeus ) Of Re. forble paveryert Stuckuee ts fececled! © Useng te Onalys's of » past dela, he. Wy Growth’ sate Chi, ha, Sy o-- An) ae efecmoned : © the effeek 9% Leal Aepebbions Of each ehh Clans using he Aewsed Pesgn pesod 52"