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Figueroa Rafael
Barrientos Alfonso.
Section 1102.
 
Console Generations
 
1st Generation (1972-1976)
   It all started when Road Bird, considered the father of video games, created the
"Magnavox Odyssey" in 1972, but it was not thanks to this that the games became
popular, this attribute was given to the Atari "Atari Pong" that came out in
1976. This generation had as main consoles the Magnavox Odyssey, the Atari
Pong, and the Color TV Game. And it was characterized by the little variety of titles
that there were, in fact, the few games that existed were lost in oblivion.
 
2nd Generation (1977-1983)
   During the first generation, games were stored on micro-chips, in this way, no
more games could be added to the console. We owe the generational leap to
cartridges, a system that companies like Nintendo continue to use today. In this
generation, games now used this storage system to sell their games, giving you
the ability to choose the games you wanted apart from the ones that already had
the console. We highlight the "Atari 2600" from the Atari company, the "Odissey 2"
from Phillips, the "Commodore Max Machine" from Commodore International, and
the first 2 portable consoles in history, the " Milton Bradley Microvision " from MB
and Nintendo's “Game & Watch”. Among his best games we find: Donkey Kong,
Asteroids, Adventure, Pac-Man and Mario Bros.
 
3rd Generation (1983-1987)
   After the video game crisis, the world of consoles is practically a Japanese
monopoly with the fall of Atari, and the arrival of Nintendo's NES, and Sega's SG-
1000. In this generation, consoles such as the NES (Nintendo Entertainment
System) or Famicom (it was called the NES in Japan) and Hyundai Comboy (so
called in South Korea) and the Sega Master System had 8 Bits. The NES
practically dominated alone until the arrival of the Mega Drive in 1988. This
generation is considered the most important in the history of video games because
with it came a lot of innovations that would establish an important base in the
industry (among those we highlight the change from static screens to screens that
moved with the player), the arrival of video game sagas that would remain today
(Super Mario Bros, The Legend of Zelda, Final Fantasy, Metroid, Dragon Quest,
Sonic, etc.).
 
4th Generation (1987-1993)
   In 1987 NEC and Hudson put the PC Engine console in Japan or Turbografx in
the rest of the world, which have an 8-bit CPU but a 16-bit graphics chip. In 1988
Sega presented its console with a 16-bit CPU known as the Sega Genesis in
America and the Sega Mega Drive in Europe and Asia. In 1990 Nintendo released
its 16-bit Super Nintendo console and this year, the arcade producer SNK released
Neo-Geo, the most powerful console of this generation called the Rolls Royce of
consoles due to its high price. This generation stands out for the graphics chips
added to the cartridge, such as the Super FX and SVP and the hardware
extensions of Mega Drive: Mega CD and Sega 32X. It Appear concepts such as
multitasking, multimedia, vector graphics, etc...
   Super Nintendo is the best-selling console with 49 million units, although the
best-selling in Europe is Mega Drive. This generation marked a battle between
Nintendo and Sega with the Super Nintendo (SNES) and the Mega drive. The
results were obvious, Nintendo dominated this generation and Sega would enter a
critical stage.
   One of the most important characteristics of this generation was l to known
"Golden Age of the RPG" stage would remain until the fifth generation. The video
games of this genre took on a much greater importance than it had ever achieved
before, becoming a popular video game genre, and the favorite of many
players. Among this we highlight games such as Final Fantasy (IV, V and V),
Terranigma, Super Mario RPG, Chrono Trigger, among others. Another
outstanding feature was the most important innovation of this time, the inclusion of
CDs, which allowed giving more elements to the video games on each console.
 
5th Generation (1993-1998)
   This period is one of the most important since everyone used to games with
planes in two dimensions, but after the arrival of the new Nintendo console, the
"Nintendo 64" taking a great leap from 2D to 3D with games like Super Mario 64,
The Legend of Zelda Ocarina of Time (Considered one of the best
games), GoldenEye 007, Mario Kart 64 and Super Smash Bros. Nintendo also
launched another portable console as an improved version of the GameBoy,
The GameBoy Color with an extensive catalog of games, among the main ones
are: Pokémon Silver / Gold / Crystal, Metroid II and Super Mario Land 2.
  During this generation, Sony debuted in the industry with its new console called
"Play Station " or PSX with a considerable improvement in terms of graphics and
thanks to the games released to the console, the demographics of video games
have varied a lot. The titles developed for the consoles are: Final Fantasy
VII, Crash Bandicot, Metal Gear Solid, Driver, Tomb Rider and Gran Turismo.
   Sega was not far behind launching its fifth console, the "Sega Saturn " console
that was quickly overshadowed and forgotten by Sony and Nintendo
consoles, however, this console brings a catalog of good games and among those
that stand out are: SimCity 2000, Street Fighter, Golden Ax:
The duel, Megaman X3 and Sonic 3D Blast.
 
6th Generation (1998-2005)
   This generation introduced much more powerful consoles than before, making a
change from cartridges to DVD and thus
bringing greater storage capacity. To others, they have also adapted their flash
memories for saving files.
   It started with one of the best-selling consoles in the world, the Play Station 2,
with a wide catalog of games, among which are: Black, Grad Theft Auto: III / Vice
City / San
Andreas, Need for Speed Most Wanted / Undergroud 2, Devil May Cry, Resident 
Evil, Shadow of the Colossus, God of War, among many other titles.
   Nintendo was no exception, launching what was supposed to be a good console,
ended up being a failure in sales, but with an unenviable catalog. The
Nintendo GameCub and overshadowed by Sony's Play Station 2 ended up being
remembered as one of the worst Nintendo consoles, but with a good selection of
titles, including: The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, Super Mario Sunshine,
Metroid Prime, Super Smash Bros Melee and The Legend of Spyro trilogy .
   But not everything is going bad for Nintendo since it managed to recover after the
sale of a very popular portable console for the time called GameBoy Advance. Also
driven games like Pokémon: Emerald / Ruby / Sapphire, Super Mario All Stars,
Metroid Zero Mission / Fusion and Golden Sun.
   Finally, the generation closes with a flourish after the debut of Microsoft in the
industry by launching the Xbox, a powerful console that features technologies write
and read CD ' s that allows to store music on them and play in games like GTA:
San Andreas. Characteristic games developed for the console are:
Halo, Forza Motorsport, The Elder of Scrolls III: Morrowind and Doom 3.
 
7th Generation (2005-2012)
   At this point the competition between Sony and Microsoft became much
greater, while Nintendo decided to take a path alien to these two. During this
generation also had changes and technological innovations as integration of Blu-
ray, motion sensors, Wireless controls, but more importantly, the availability of
online play with other players via an internet connection bandwidth, as well as not
only having games in a physical format, but also the consoles brought a system for
purchasing games through the internet in a digital format, a system that is still used
today and is even becoming a standard.
   Nintendo with the " Wii " reached more than 100 million sales and swept at the
time with the arrival of new technologies mentioned above, in addition to being a
console for all audiences. Among the most prominent titles of the console are:
Super Smash Bros: Brawl, Wii Sports, The Legend of Zelda Skyward Sword ,
Mario Kart Wii, Super Mario Galaxy 1 and 2, Xenoblade Chronicles and many
others.
   Obviously a handheld console by Nintendo can not miss, why should mention the
handheld console 's best - selling and successful in the world such as the Nintendo
DS, being a console underpowered comp to bay to the Sony PSP. The Nintendo
DS managed to have more than 150 million sales in the world being a great
success, and of course the games that accompany this console that helped boost
its fame cannot be missed. New Super Mario Bros, Mario Kart
DS, Brain Training, Pokémon Diamond / Pearl / Platinum, Pokémon White / Black
1 and 2, Animal Crossing, Nintendogs and many more titles ranging from The
Legend of Zelda to Metroid.
   Sony for its part with the launch of the Play Station 3 had a considerable
improvement in terms of power, reaching excellent titles such as Dark Souls 1, 2
and 3, The Elder
of Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Assasin ' s Creed, Battlefield, Call of Duty, and
The Last of Us.
   On the other hand, Sony is not far behind in the portable console market by
launching the Play Station Portable or PSP, a console that did not have as many
sales as its competitor, the Nintendo DS. However, despite being considered a
failure, it managed to sell an unenviable 76.4 Million copies worldwide,
having games that have no loss such as: Gradt Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories /
Vice City Stories, Monster Hunter and Persona 2.
   Microsoft despite the success of Nintendo and Sony, with its XBOX 360 also
became one of the best- selling consoles and achieving the greatest success of the
XBOX brand. This console was quite remarkable games
like: Just Dance, Skyrim, Minecraft, Gears of War , GTA IV, Rainbow Six :
Vegas, Fallout 3 Left 4 Dead and Dead or Alive 4.
 
8th Generation (2012-2020)
   This generation brings us as main dishes to 2 consoles, The PlayStation 4, which
is more repowered than the PS3, there are no major differences in addition to the
capacity of the console, but it did have great games that are still enjoyed today.
Such games are: Assasin's Creed Odyssey, Bloodborne, Mortal Kombat X, Doom
Eternal, Outlast, Persona 5, Grand Theft Auto V and many more games.
   After the PSP, Sony decided to launch another much more powerful portable
console, the PlayStation Vita, this being a real failure in sales, but offering notable
games such as: Uncharted, Little Big Planet, Yakuza 4, Rayman Origins, Street
Fighter X Tekken and Bioshock.
  This time was not the best for Nintendo, after launching a console called WiiU, it
had considerable losses due to bad marketing of the console, but this was not the
case for the Nintendo 3DS, which years later brought improved versions of the joy
in terms of performance and improvements in the technical section of the console.
The most important 3DS games were: Pokémon X / Y / Sun / Moon, Mario Kart 7,
Super Mario Maker, Animal Crossing New Leaf, Super Mario 3D Land, Metroid:
Samus Return, Monster Hunter 4 and many more titles.
  Microsoft decides to release the XBOX One, with a considerable improvement in
the power of the console and even more so with its predecessors, the XBOX One
X and XBOX one S. This time was an absolute failure for XBOX due to many
commercial problems similar to those of Nintendo with its "WiiU". Some of the
games released for these consoles are: Battlefield 4, The Crew, Destiny 1 and 2,
Forza Horizon 2, 3 and 4, Grand Theft Auto V and Watch Dogs 1 and 2.
  A company called OUYA Inc launched a console named OUYA, it does not have
a means by which to insert physical games, but the console, being based on the
Android Operating System, can access the Play Store and be able to download
Android games which being able to play from a desktop console, the console was
a resounding failure so currently the console's online service is no longer available
and its official sale is not available either.
 
9th Generation (2020-Present)
   In this generation it is necessary to include the Nintendo Switch, and despite
being launched in 2017 it continues to be active during the transition from the 8th
to the 9th Generation, in addition to the announced Nintendo Switch Oled that will
be released on October 8, 2021. With this In mind, the Nintendo Switch after its
launch presented a model between desktop and portable console, this being the
first hybrid console on the market in addition to wide accessibility with the controls,
the console had an excellent reception and is currently one of the consoles The
best-selling games at the moment, the games that accompany this console are:
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, Super Mario
Odyssey, Splatoon, Pokémon Let's Go, Animal Crossing: New Horizons, Super
Mario Party, Ring Fit Adventure, Super Smash Bros: Ultimate, 1-2-Switch, A Hat in
Time, The Witcher 3 among many other titles.
  Google is trying to enter the video game industry by bringing to light a console
called Stadia, it has the ability to move games stored in the cloud, being able to
move absolutely any title in a stream service, the project had very mixed reviews
from the public since there were many technical problems with the console, in
addition to the fact that this, depending on 100% of an internet connection with
bandwidth, has sometimes caused delay problems with the inputs of the control to
the game.
  Sony launches the PlayStation 5, a console highly anticipated by the community,
after a long time of expectation, the console comes with a high power having 2
versions, one with a disk reader for physical games and another in which you can
only store games in digital, the most characteristic games of Play Station 5 are:
Assasin's Creed: Valhalla, Demon's Souls Remake, Destiny 2, Resident Evil
Village, Spider-Man: Miles Morales and Ratchet & Clank: A Rift Apart.
  We conclude with the new generations of Microsoft console. The XBOX Series X
and Series S (this model being a little less powerful than the Series X),
accompanied by the new methodology that Microsoft has called the Game Pass.
Game Pass is a service to access a hundred video games in exchange for a
monthly subscription. You pay the fee every month, and in return you have the
possibility of downloading a large number of video games for free. You can play
these for as long as you want, as long as you keep paying the subscription. This
service is available both for your consoles and for the Microsoft Windows 10
operating system.