Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART 2 1

Negative Health Effects of Eviction and Housing Insecurities: Annotated Bibliography Part 1
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART 2 2

Annotated Bibliography

1. Muñoz-Price, L. S., Nattinger, A. B., Rivera, F., Hanson, R., Gmehlin, C. G., Perez, A., Singh,

S., Buchan, B. W., Ledeboer, N. A., & Pezzin, L. E. (2020). Racial disparities in

incidence and outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Journal of American Medical

Association Network Open, 3(9).1-13.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21892

This article is a cross-section, cohort study testing individuals for COVID19 performed in

a large academic health system that serves a population of 1.8 million individuals,

associating positivity of test with race and poverty to a higher risk of hospitalization, but

only poverty was associated with risk of intensive care hospitalization. The results from

the study are in theory encouraging suggesting there are no specific racial vulnerabilities

to poor outcomes from COVID19, instead using a combination of established strategies

to alleviate burden and reducing the rate of infection amongst African Americans. The

limitation of the study is the single health system, which limits the generalizability to

other geographical areas. The authors are physicians from a large academic health system

with an interest in infectious disease and health and equity, published in an open access

medical journal.

2. Kabarriti, R., Brodin, N., Maron, M., Guha, C., Kalnicki, S., & Garg, M. (2020). Association

of race and ethnicity with comorbidities and survival among patients with COVID-19 at

an urban medical center in New York. Journal of American Medical Association

Network Open.3(9) 1-11. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19795

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART 2 3

The article presents information from a cohort study investigating patient comorbidities

with COVID-19 from a large urban academic medical center in Bronx, New York, and

the association between patient demographics, race/ethnicity, comorbidities with overall

survival. The results from the study were limited due to the generalizability of the

findings, limited to data in hospital record These could include severity rather than

quantity of comorbidities; temporally relevant indicators rather than baseline measures of

socioeconomic status, Overall Black patients had more comorbidities and were likely to

test positive for Covid-19 but had a slightly improved survival compared with white

patients This paper investigated and written by physicians from a large urban hospital and

published as a peer-reviewed paper in a medical journal, which is an open access, and

publishes research on clinical care, health policy, global health across all health

disciplines for clinicians, investigators and policy makers.

3. Kullar, R., Marcelin, J. R., Swartz, T. H., Piggott, D. A., Macias Gil, R., Mathew, T. A., &

Tan, T. (2020). Racial Disparity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in African American

Communities. The Journal of infectious diseases, 222(6), 890–893.

https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa372

This paper describes the African American population being disproportionately affected

by COVID-19, which the authors report may recognized by socioeconomic and

environmental issues that were in place prior to the pandemic and are contributors to the

spread of COVID-19 infection. The racial disparities seen in housing, employment,

incarceration is some of the underlying factors that have unequal impact on COVID-19

conditions in African American communities. The authors recommend that all state

departments should be required to provide data on race/ethnicity vs outcomes in

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART 2 4

individual COVID-19 testing. The article is a peer-reviewed perspective by health care

professionals who specialize in infectious disease whose purpose is to improve the health

of individuals, communities, and society and promote public health and prevention

relating to infectious health, published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious

Diseases Society of America.

4. Benfer, E.,Vlahov, D., Long, M. Walker-Wells, E., & Pottenger, J.L., & Gonsalves, G. &

Keen, D. (2021). Health inequity, and the spread of COVID-19: housing policy as a

primary pandemic mitigation strategy. Journal of Urban Health. (98)1, 1-12.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00502-1

The main focus of this research is to present evidence on eviction and how the event can

increase COVID-19 infection rates due to overcrowding, doubling up, limits to health

care, and a decreased ability in complying with mitigation strategies (social distancing,

quarantine, hygiene practices). The authors in this article, which focus is to cover

emerging issues in public health and medical practice as they relate to urban health have

presented data on the severe lasting effects of eviction. The data presented on eviction

links poor health and the risk of moving into substandard living conditions with

increasing risk of COVID-19 infections. This is a peer-reviewed article that appears in

the Journal of Urban Health, a publication that is a reliable source of thorough analysis

and focus on urban health and epidemiology reporting important clinical development

and policy issues and covers emerging issues in public health and medical practice as

they relate to urban health.

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART 2 5

5. Sarkar, S., Taylor, A., Dutta, P., Bajaj, M., Nash, J., Ravola, M., Ievleva, S., Llyod, C., Ola,

P., Jenkins, B., Sengupta, B., & Roy, D. (2021). Health disparity and COVID-19-A

retrospective analysis. Health Science Reports,4(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.345

This article presents information from a retrospective analysis suggesting there is a direct

correlation with an increasing number of African American population in the US and the

COVID 19 infection rate per 100,000 people. Researchers analyzed multiple elements

triggering health disparities in the United states along with COVID-19 morbidity and

mortality collected from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the

Mississippi State Department of Health WHO---- What The role of health disparity

various socioeconomic factors resulted in health disparity among different population in

the United States resulting in increased sufferings due to COVID‐19 in African American

significant positive correlation among the number of COVID‐19 cases and the total

number of the African American population in the United States.