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 Father, empower me!
Empower me to love you forever.
Empower me to love and honor my parents.
Empower me to learn, grow, and
mature, so that I can bless others
more.
Empower me to serve You everyday in all
that I do.
In Jesus’ name,
Learning Goals:
● Identify useful and harmful materials we
use in our daily lives;
● Describe the effect of some materials on
people; and
● Describe the proper ways of handling materials
found at home and in school.
Matter is made up of tiny particles
called molecules.

A molecule is the smallest particle

of a material which has its
properties.
 Molecules can join together to
form larger molecules.

Molecules of matter are arranged

differently in the different states
of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
3 States of Matter
 SOLIDS
In solids, the molecules are held firmly by the
force of attraction between them.

Force of attraction between molecules is referred

to as how strong the molecules are held together.
Special Properties of Solids
1. Hardness
2. Malleability
3. Brittleness
4. Elasticity
5. Strength
 LIQUIDS
The molecules in liquids are farther apart from each
other. The force of attraction among the molecules
is weak.

They always move, roll, slide or bump to each other.

This is why liquids can change shape.

Liquids take the shape of their container.

LIQUIDS also have properties:

1. Liquids may dissolve some

solids.
2. Some liquids flow easily or
slowly.
Some liquids flow slowly. Liquids that flow very
slowly are described as viscous.

VISCOSITY is the resistance of a

liquid to flow.
 GASES
The molecules in gases are farther apart
compared to t hose of liquids. The
molecules bounce off and move in every
direction.
The force of attraction between the
molecules is too weak to hold them close.
 In addition……

Plasma

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

 PLASMA
Plasma is different from the other states of
matter. It may be formed from heating or from a
gas.

You can find plasma in fluorescent light bulbs and

neon signs.
 PLASMA
Electricity flows through the tube
when t he light is t urned on. The
electricity charges up, thus
creating glowing plasma inside.
 PLASMA
You see plasma when you look at the
stars. Stars are big balls of gases at very
high temperature. The temperature
charges up the atoms and creates
plasma.
State Mass Volume Shape
Solid Definite mass Definite volume Has definite
shape
Liquid Definite mass Definite volume Takes the shape
of the
container
Gas Definite mass No Definite No definite shape
volume
 Proper Use and
Handling of Materials
at Home and in School
 We surrounded by many
different materials.

The term materials is sometimes

used to refer to substance.
Substances are materials with particular
physical properties.

Certain substances have good

effects on people, plants and
animals. There are also certain
substance that have harmful effects.
 Write the names of the materials in their proper column.

MATERIALS
Cooking Cleaning Eating Gardening

shampoo bath soap hand sanitizer face powder vinegar

canned goods antiseptic deodorant soy sauce alcohol
Insect repellant insecticides mouthwash bleach detergent
shampoo bath soap hand sanitizer face powder vinegar
canned goods antiseptic deodorant soy sauce alcohol
Insect repellant insecticides mouthwash bleach detergent
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Are all materials useful?
2. Which materials can be harmful?
3. Are these materials properly
labeled and kept in your house?
4. In what way do you protect
yourself and your family from the
harmful effects of some materials?
Uses of Different Materials

a. Metals c. Plastics
b. Rubber d. Wood
a. Metals are usually solid,
shiny, strong and malleable.
They play a vital role in
construction, tool production
and jewelry making.
b. Rubber is a
material that can
be stretched.
It can be used. To
make objects like
erasers, rubber
bands and tires.
c. Plastics: There are many types of plastics with many different
properties.
Plastics are durable and water proof.
Some plastics are transparent and light; others are tough and
difficult to break.
Most plastic do not decay. A piece of plastic left outside will stay
there for many years.
d. Wood is an important
material that comes from
trees.
The denser the wood, the
greater the hardness and
strength it possesses.
There are trees used for
furniture due to their strength
and durability.
They have high quality, so
they are expensive.
 Other Uses of Materials
Fertilizers and Pesticides
Fertilizers contain substances Pesticides and Insecticides are
that will make the soil fertile. used to kill harmful insects that
destroy the plants.
 Other Uses of Materials
Detergents and Disinfectants
Some chemicals in detergents/disinfectant are used for
cleaning the toilet and bathroom.
 Other Uses of Materials
Vitamins and Medicines
We need vitamins and
medicines to stay healthy.
Vitamins make your body
resistance stronger.
Medicines like paracetamol is
taken to ease headache and
fever.
 Effects of Some Materials in People and the
1. CLEANING DETERGENTS Environment
Detergent contains
hazardous substances that is
fatal to your body system.
When water with detergents
flows into a river or lake, plants
and animals may die.
Effects of Some Materials in People and the
Environment
1. CLEANING DETERGENTS
Liquid detergents can also
cause skin irritations when they
are not properly used.
They can also cause
respiratory diseases when
inhaled.
 Effects of Some Materials in People
and the Environment
2. AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
Farmers use pesticides and
insecticides to increase crop production.
If not properly handled or used,
fertilizers and pesticides can go down to
lakes and kill aquatic plants and animals.
These animals can also poison people
and cause other serious diseases.
Effects of Some Materials in People
and the Environment
3. CFC’s CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
The CFC’s or chlorofluorocarbons are
used as propellants in aerosols and fire
extinguishers. They are also used in
making polystyrene grains as packaging
materials.
The CFC’s have harmful effects in our
health, environment, and they break down
the ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere.
 Effects of Some Materials in People
and the Environment
4. FOSSIL FUELS: GASOLINE,
CRUDE OIL, and COAL
Fossil fuels are used to make vehicles
run.
Vehicles produce major pollutants
such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen
oxide.
Carbon monoxide takes away oxygen
from our body cells that can cause
serious diseases.
 Fossil fuels are used in electric
power plants to produce electricity.
However, as fuels burned, they
release air pollutants like nitrogen
oxide and sulfur oxide.
When nitrogen oxide and sulfur
oxide combine with moisture or rain in
the atmosphere, acid rain is produced.
 Acid rain harms some of our
bodies of water like lakes and
streams. It can kill aquatic plants and
animals.
Acid rain can also dissolve concrete
materials, marbles and stones.
Metals can corrode faster than
usual. Plastics, rubber and fabrics can
also be damaged.
Precautionary Measures in Handling
Substances
1. Cleaning products, insecticides and
disinfectants should be kept in place
where children cannot reach them.

When using these chemicals, always

wear gloves, and cover your nose and
mouth with a mask.

Change your clothes and wash your

hands thoroughly after using these
chemicals.
Precautionary Measures in Handling
Substances
2. Keep flammable items like gasoline,
alcohol and kerosene, away from the
stove, fireplace, and other sources of
heat.

Tightly cover their containers and

store them in locked cupboards or
cabinets.

Never use gasoline or paint thinner

to start a barbecue fire or bonfire. These
can easily catch fire.
Precautionary Measures in Handling
Substances
3. Vitamins and medicines should be
placed in a medicine cabinet with
a lock.

In taking medication, follow the

prescribed dosage by your doctor.

Expired medicines and vitamins

should be thrown away.
Precautionary Measures in Handling
Substances
4. Provide designated areas for
different household items. Label them
properly.

Keep dangerous chemicals in lock

containers.

5. Dispose or used materials and

dangerous substances properly. Avoid
burning plastics.
Importance of Reading the Product Label
A product label gives
information about
product such as
expiration date and
instruction on how to
use it.
Many product labels have precautionary warnings such
as: For external use only; Handle with Care; Warning:
May irritate your eyes; Caution: It can burn your skin.
 The Important Hazard Symbols
Flammable and Combustible Materials
These materials – whether
solids, liquids, or gases – are
capable of catching fire in the
presence of a spark or open
flame under normal conditions.
 The Important Hazard Symbols
Poisonous and Infectious Materials
These materials can
cause death or immediate
injury when a person is
exposed to a small
amount.
 The Important Hazard Symbols
Corrosive Materials
These include caustic
and acid materials that
can destroy the skin
even metals.
We should be aware of the
precautionary warnings, signs, or
symbols on the product label.

Be very careful in handling harmful or

dangerous substances